psy223 final

Rates of dementia in the elderly are _____ percent in ages 70-79 and about _____ percent in those over 90

5; 37

By age ________, people lose about an inch of height.

65

_____________ processing is thought to be a crucial reason that expert chess players are much better than novices are.

Automatic

Among some _________ cultures, funerals include food, music, and dancing.

Christian

__________ intelligence refers to the idea that there is one basic trait that underlies all cognitive abilities.

General

According to the text, in what culture or country does no one touch the dead?

Native Ameican

Who proposed that intelligence is a single entity?

Spearman

What is a health care proxy?

a person chosen to make medical decisions for another person if that person becomes unable to do so

Hospitals have made a bad death more likely because:

fewer people die at home

The obligation of adult children to care for their aging parents is referred to as:

filial responsibility

About 1 percent of those in their 70s and 10 percent of those in their 90s have:

glaucoma

Older adults seeking to integrate their unique experiences with their vision of community is the definition of:

integrity vs despair

Malcolm is a director of a regional theater group. In this creative job, he would be most likely to display the _________ characteristic of his expertise.

intuitive

According to Fowler, which stage of Moral Expertise shows faith as magical and illogical?

intuitive-protective

Andropause:

is a drop in testosterone levels seen in older men

When adults were asked whether they would pull a switch that would kill one person but save five others:

most pulled the switch

A common type of difficulty that older adults have with their working memory is:

not being able to multitask

One of the first visible signs of senescence is/are:

wrinkles

In general, the ___________ are aged 60 to 75.

young-old

The largest group of older adults is the

young-old.

What percentage of those over age 65 can see well without eyeglasses?

10 percent

By the year 2050, it is estimated that people over age 65 will make up _______ of the world's population.

16 percent

In the United States, on average a black woman who has reached age 65 has ______ more years to live. A 65-year-old white woman has ____ more years to live.

16; 19

From a biological perspective, would-be mothers should try to conceive before age:

30

Margaret is one of ____ percent of people age 70 or older who has visual loss because of cataracts.

30

Who is credited with first realizing that intelligence may actually increase between ages 20 and 50?

Bayley

Who proposed the existence of fluid and crystallized intelligences?

Cattell and Horn

Ancient _______ wrote the Book of the Dead.

Egyptians

Which of the following is NOT a reason for the traditional pyramidal shape of the demographic pyramid?

Environmental factors ensured that each cohort was reduced consistently after age 50.

Following Jim's death, who is most likely to experience disenfranchised grief?

His mistress of 30 years

Which of the following statements about IQ is true?

In adulthood, chronological age, culture, context, and personal choices are all equally influential in determining IQ.

Which country has the highest percentage of people over age 65?

Japan

Which of the following is NOT a reason that, at age 85, women outnumber men two to one?

Old men die at a higher rate than do old women

Which of the following statements most accurately describes what happens to intelligence with age?

We get smarter in some ways and dumber in others

The compression of morbidity is:

a goal to achieve

According to Maslow, people who do not receive ___________ cannot move on to __________.

acceptance; esteem.

Studies of the effectiveness of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for menopause have been questioned because:

all subjects were in high socioeconomic status

A study of widows and widowers found that:

almost all idealized their marriages.

What term refers to the sense of loss following a death?

bereavement

Which of the following is NOT one of the primary mental abilities studied by Schaie?

bodily-kinesthetic

In the late 1970s, a group of Harvard physicians determined that the activity of which organ should be used to define death?

brain

General intelligence (g):

cannot be measured directly

Relying on cross-sectional research for conclusions is problematic because:

cohort effects may lead to false conclusions.

Expertise:

comes with time and practice.

Rosa works as a chemist and in her spare time is a history buff. She would be said to be high in:

crystallized intelligence

Some social scientists believe that __________ should be added to the Big Five.

dependence on others

According to Kübler-Ross, the fourth stage of dying is:

depression

Most people over age 70 believe that they are:

doing well compared to others of their age.

Domestic violence is more likely to occur:

earlier in a marriage

Early cross-sectional studies of intelligence

established and then confirmed the belief that intelligence peaks at around age 18 and then begins to decline in the mid-20s.

According to a Chicago study by Laumann and Michael, 2000, adults of all ages were more likely to say that they were ___________ satisfied with sex if they were _________.

extremely; in a monogamous relationship

As we age, the lens of the eye becomes less elastic and the cornea flattens. This leads to:

farsightedness

All of the following are ways that death has changed in the past hundred years EXCEPT:

fewer deaths occur in hospitals

During which stage of Alzheimer disease does the person need full-time care?

fourth

Some of the most crucial members of a social convoy are:

friends

A type of stratification that endangers the well-being of many older people is:

gender, age, and ethnicity.

In which of Erikson's stages do adults feel the need to mentor and help younger people?

generativity versus stagnation

The term "double effect" refers to:

improving quality of life and hastening death.

The crucial variable in the well-being of the elderly may be _______, not _________.

income; gender or ethnicity.

What is the major benefit of moderate alcohol consumption?

increased HDL

According to the text, physical aging is _________ than most emerging adults might imagine.

less disturbing

After 18 months, mourners who keep the dead person's possessions are considered _______ well adjusted if they are in the United States and _______ adjusted if they are in _______.

less; better; China

The diseases of affluence are:

lung and breast cancer

__________ causes blindness about five years after it begins.

macular degeneration

An important task for successful aging requires that people:

maintain at least one close companion

It has been demonstrated that calorie restriction:

may slow aging

Late-adult cognition appears to decline because the senses:

miss some of the stimuli

People who believe that they might die soon are _______ likely than others to ____________.

more; believe in life after death

Research shows that cohorts born in the 1950s and 1960s endorsed _______ responsibility toward older generations than _________ cohorts did.

more; earlier

At age 50,

most men and women can understand a whisper

The ___________ suffer from notable losses in body, mind, or social support, although they still have some strengths as well.

old-old

Baltes (2003) found that:

only at age 80 did every cognitive ability show age-related average declines.

A characteristic of marriage today, compared to marriage in previous generations, is that:

people in every nation are taking longer to commit to one long-term sexual partner.

In a study of attitudes toward end-of-life decisions, which of the following groups was most likely to regard quality of life as being more important than length of life?

physicians

Fewer births and increased survival rates are changing the shape of the population from a pyramid to a(n):

rectangle

The lower testosterone levels of older men leads to:

reduced sexual desire

The voting trends of the elderly indicate that their vote:

reflects national trends and their own history

Recent research indicates that long-term memory for words:

remains unimpaired

The specific illnesses that become more common with aging are referred to as:

secondary aging

Positivity effect is an example of:

selective optimization with compensation

Psychosocial development in late adulthood is best understood by looking at clusters of theories such as:

self theories and stratification theories

Less than half of all adults of any age volunteer. Some observers see this as a sign of:

social isolation

Menopause refers to:

the cessation of menstration

Infertility is defined as

the failure to conceive a child after a year or more of intercourse without contraception.

the term "familism" means

the idea that family members should sacrifice personal freedom and success to care for one another.

Alzheimer disease is characterized by

the proliferation of plaques and tangles in the cerebral cortex.

Because few people are to blame for their own deaths, adults tend to fear:

unusual events that seem to be random, such as a bystander's murder.

Maria, 45, works as a waitress and is very popular with her customers because they know that they can count on her to serve them in good time when there is a rush. This trait can best be related to Maria's:

use of cognitive strategies to compensate for some losses

What were the primary mental abilities studied by Schaie?

verbal meaning, word fluency, number ability, inductive reasoning, spatial orientation