PSY235 Chapter 1-5

What percent of children live under the poverty line?

22%

The brain almost doubles in size between what ages?

4 and 7 months

Every cell, with the exception of sperm and ova, contain how many chromosomes?

46

About 1 in how many middle-class European American toddlers are inhibited?

5

Early childhood generally ends at age:

5

Roughly what percent of the current U.S. labor force is made up of women?

50

In the United States, approximately how many newborn babies are classified as low birth weight?

1 out of 11

What is the MOST important advantage of attending a high-quality preschool?

It gives children a cognitive boost.

From an evolutionary point of view, why might toddlers suddenly start to avoid unfamiliar foods?

It is a protective mechanism to prevent poisoning.

Which statement about cystic fibrosis is false?

It is curable.

Becky is in kindergarten and is learning how to write her name. She is developing:

fine motor skills

The cephalocaudal principle of development refers to the fact that prenatal development proceeds from:

head to foot, or top to bottom

During pregnancy, expectant fathers are apt to report experiencing:

stress.

The gap over which impulses flow between the dendrites of one neuron and the axon of another is called a:

synapse

The process of making connections between neurons is called:

synaptogenesis

When a caregiver and infant respond emotionally to each other in a sensitive and attuned way, it is called:

synchrony

The grammar of a language is its:

syntax

Which of the following is NOT a recommendation regarding obesity?

Americans need to put children on strict diets.

Why do moms and dads use infant-directed speech?

Babies pay attention when spoken to like this.

This technique is designed for women interested in having a completely natural, nonmedicated birth that stresses good diet and exercise, partner coaching, and deep relaxation.

Bradley method

Which statement about crawling is false?

Early crawlers become less sensitive to their caregivers' facial expressions.

Who helped to make adolescence a separate developmental stage?

Franklin Roosevelt and G. Stanley Hall

Based on the text, why do many women stop breast feeding before their babies are six months old?

They need to go back to work.

Which statement is true?

Women outlive men by at least 2 years worldwide.

Humans have what compared to other species?

a larger cerebral cortex

Which of the following is NOT a risk associated with having a cesarean section?

a less healthy baby

Couvade is the term for:

a man's feeling of morning sickness during his partner's pregnancy.

What are two specific areas in human development?

adult development; gerontology

When does proximity-seeking behavior in stressful situations go away?

never

While Stephanie knows that her baby probably isn't really talking, she likes to think that when her baby says "ma ma ma ma ma" that she means mommy. Actually the baby is:

babbling.

A major problem with conducting true experiments in developmental science is that that they may:

be unethical

Which of the following is a normative transition?

becoming parents

Infertility is:

caused by an issue with either parent.

The infant motor milestones are lifting one's head, pivoting the upper body, sitting, and standing. They follow which developmental sequence?

cephalocaudal

The outer, furrowed mantle of the brain is called the:

cerebral cortex

Casey is almost four years old. Her mother has placed a plate of cookies on the table and tells Casey, "Don't touch the cookies," and then leaves the room. Casey stares at the plate of cookies but does NOT take one. Casey is demonstrating:

conscience

What research strategy involves charting relationships between two or more variables as they naturally occur?

correlational

Pick the disease produced by an abnormal number of chromosomes.

down syndrome

Dr. Styler studies universal human tendencies, speculating that these are biological predispositions that promote survival. Dr. Styler is an:

evolutionary psychologist

Jeanine recently had surgery on a slim, pipe-like structure that her eggs travel down to enter her uterus. Jeanine has had surgery on her:

fallopian tube

What do twin and adoption studies suggest often plays an important role in human development?

genetics

The frantic, continual newborn crying called "colic" typically:

goes away after the first three months.

A cross-sectional study compares people:

in different age groups at the same time.

The sensory motor stage ends with the development of:

language, symbolic thought, and object permanence.

Which of the following is NOT associated with being born premature?

limited short-term memory

Mrs. King's labor is not progressing, so her doctor recommends a cesarean section. The doctor will be:

making an incision in the abdominal wall and the uterus and removing the fetus manually.

When Westerners are asked to recall autobiographical memories, this part of their brain is activated.

medial frontal cortex

The cylindrical structure that will eventually develop into the brain is called the:

neural tube

A child's first words are often "da da" or "ma ma." These sound units that convey meaning are:

phonemes

What is the greatest risk to delivering a baby prematurely or having the baby die before his/her first birthday?

poverty

What did Bowlby call the first three months of a baby's life?

preattachment phase

What kind of life changes are normative changes that occur during development?

predictable

Humans begin to develop an autobiographical memory, which is the sense that they have a personal past history as well as ongoing selves, during:

preschool

Tommy is an exuberant toddler. His parents should:

provide positive guidance

Erikson believed that each stage of life had its own:

psychosocial task

Obesity rates among U.S. elementary children have:

quadrupled in the last 30 years.

Mr. and Mrs. Franklin are taking their son to see a psychiatrist who helps children with Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The psychiatrist might consider all of the following interventions EXCEPT:

recommending the child be exposed to demanding timed tasks.

Which environmental intervention is helpful in relieving the symptoms of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

regular recess breaks

In what stage does Piaget refer to babies as "little scientists?"

tertiary circular

One-year-old Sally throws food from her high chair just to see where it lands. According to Piaget's framework, this is an example of a:

tertiary circular reaction

What male structure is comparable to the ovaries in females?

testes

The social-interactionist perspective emphasizes that:

the desire to communicate with each other promotes developing language.

Martha is about 18 weeks pregnant and has experienced quickening. This means that Martha feels:

the fetus moving.

During early childhood, the neurons in the visual and motor cortices are in their pruning phase, which explains why this develops so quickly.

vision