Psyc 100 - Chapter 12

Due to the _______________________ stereotype, attractive people are thought to be happier, more intelligent, more sociable, and more capable. However, research by Diener, et. al (1995) did not find any actual relationship between attractiveness and one's grades, friendships, money, intelligence, life satisfaction, or self-esteem.

"what is beautiful is good"

Which of the following statements about prejudice are true? Computer simulations can train policemen not to expect black people to be holding guns. Our tendency to sort people into ingroups and outgroups may help explain why we hold prejudices and practice discrimination. Modern racists may overtly say disparaging things about people of other races. An example of modern racism is the belief that admitting lots of Asians to top-tier schools is negatively affecting the student culture at those schools. Study participants were more likely to misidentify tools as guns after seeing black faces.

Computer simulations can train policemen not to expect black people to be holding guns. Our tendency to sort people into ingroups and outgroups may help explain why we hold prejudices and practice discrimination. An example of modern racism is the belief that admitting lots of Asians to top-tier schools is negatively affecting the student culture at those schools. Study participants were more likely to misidentify tools as guns after seeing black faces.

After a hurricane breaks all the windows in the stores on Main Street, under what circumstances is Mark likely to start looting the local businesses due to deindividuation? Half of the goods in the store have already been looted by others. Mark is emotionally aroused by the devastation of the storm. The town is large and Mark doesn't know many people there. mark remains self-aware

Half of the goods in the store have already been looted by others. Mark is emotionally aroused by the devastation of the storm. The town is large and Mark doesn't know many people there.

Which of the statements about ingroup favoritism are true? People will try to prevent members of an outgroup from receiving resources. People will distribute more resources to members of their ingroup. People will not treat ingroup members preferentially if they know the groups have been determined arbitrarily. Men are more likely to support other men as part of their ingroup than women are to support other women as part of their ingroup.

People will try to prevent members of an outgroup from receiving resources. People will distribute more resources to members of their ingroup.

Which of the following statements about stereotypes are true? Using stereotypes involves scrutinizing everyone we come into contact with. Stereotyping occurs automatically. As cognitive processes, stereotypes are inherently neutral, though they can contain positive or negative information. When we encounter someone who does not fit with our stereotype, we change our beliefs about people in that group. Illusory correlations help us question our stereotypes.

Stereotyping occurs automatically. As cognitive processes, stereotypes are inherently neutral, though they can contain positive or negative information.

A group of movie executives is trying to decide which movie to produce. Under what circumstances would they be likely, due to groupthink, to produce an action film that most of them think is terrible? The president of the company, who really likes the action movie, voices his opinion at the end of the meeting. They are hoping for a quick meeting without a lot of discussion. One person plays the role of devil's advocate and tries to explore ways in which the movie might be a bad idea. The company is under pressure from investors to produce a hit.

They are hoping for a quick meeting without a lot of discussion. The company is under pressure from investors to produce a hit.

A group of campers is talking about sneaking into another bunk and covering everything with toilet paper, despite that the majority of them are somewhat cautious by nature. According to group polarization, what is most likely to happen? Due to the risky-shift effect, eventually they will all agree to play the prank. They will decide to do what the majority of the children had initially thought they should do. They will all eventually decide that the mission is definitely too risky and abandon it. The cautious campers will stay behind, and the bolder campers will go on their own to play the prank.

They will decide to do what the majority of the children had initially thought they should do. They will all eventually decide that the mission is definitely too risky and abandon it.

Social psychologists Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) paid some participants $20 and some participants $1 to lie and say that a boring task was not boring. What were the results of the study? Those paid $1 experienced cognitive dissonance. Those paid $20 experienced cognitive dissonance. Those paid $20 later still said they found the task boring. Those paid $1 felt the payment was enough justification for lying. Those paid $1 later said they found the task more enjoyable.

Those paid $1 experienced cognitive dissonance. Those paid $20 later still said they found the task boring. Those paid $1 later said they found the task more enjoyable.

Which of the following facts about facial expressions are true? U.S. congressional candidates whose faces were rated as looking more competent won nearly 70 percent of the vote in an election. Babies less than an hour old prefer to look at a human face rather than a picture of a blank head. Across cultures, looking people in the eye is considered a sign of trustworthiness. By the age of 7, children can make judgments about a face's trustworthiness that match adults' judgments.

U.S. congressional candidates whose faces were rated as looking more competent won nearly 70 percent of the vote in an election. Babies less than an hour old prefer to look at a human face rather than a picture of a blank head. By the age of 7, children can make judgments about a face's trustworthiness that match adults' judgments.

What types of faces might we perceive as attractive? a composite image of 30 normal faces averaged together a composite image of 10 attractive faces averaged together a composite image of 2 normal faces averaged together the face of a biracial person a symmetrical face

a composite image of 30 normal faces averaged together a composite image of 10 attractive faces averaged together the face of a biracial person a symmetrical face

Latané and Darley conducted a study in which foul-smelling smoke started coming through heating vents in a room where participants were filling out a questionnaire. Place the participants in order based on how likely they were to go for help within six minutes, from most to least likely. a partcipant who was alone a participant who was with two calm confederates a participant who was with two other naive participants

a partcipant who was alone a partcipant who was with two other naive participants a participant who was with two calm confederates

compliance

agreeing to do things requested by others

conformity

altering one's behaviors to match the behaviors or expectations of others

What caused this bsytander apathy? Sitting in his car in traffic, Jasper sees two people fighting on a bridge, but no one can see him, so he does not feel the need to help.

anonymity

What caused this bystander apathy? A blind woman needs help crossing a busy street in a crowded plaza, but the passers-by all think someone else will help her.

diffusion of responsibility

Is this an example of foot in the door, door in the face, or low-balling? Jan refused to buy a $20 package of wrapping paper from the student fund-raiser, but then agreed to buy a $5 bar of chocolate.

door in the face

What caused this bsytander apathy? Shelby sees a man lying on the sidewalk in a big city, but she doesn't help because she cannot determine whether the man is sleeping, drunk, or injured.

fear of making a social blunder

obedience

following the orders of a person in authority

Is this an example of foot in the door, door in the face, or low-balling? A person signed a petition for her town to build a youth center. The next week, the same person agreed to help raise funds for the building.

foot in the door

Dana does a small favor for her neighbor, whom she doesn't know very well, and justifies it by telling herself that she likes her neighbor. This is an example of:

insufficient justification

Efram decides to drive an hour away to go to a restaurant, and once he gets there he thinks the food is much better than at restaurants closer to home. This is an example of:

justification of effort

Is this an example of foot in the door, door in the face, or low-balling? After a man decides to buy a plane ticket for $300, he finds that the final amount including taxes and fees is $365, but he still goes ahead with the purchase.

low-balling

stereotype

mental sortcut for categorizing people

prejudice

negative beliefs about people based on a stereotype

Match the types of conformity with their corresponding examples. Clarence noticed that everyone in India was eating with their hands, so he ate with his hands also. During lunchtime, Rolf noticed a long line of people at a food truck he had never seen before, and he joined the line. Sally was a few minutes late to class, but when she got to the building where her class was held, she noticed all of the other students in her class leaving, so she turned around and left, too. Though it would be easier to pick our noses, we use tissues instead.

normative influence: Clarence noticed that everyone in India was eating with their hands, so he ate with his hands also. Though it would be easier to pick our noses, we use tissues instead. informational influence: During lunchtime, Rolf noticed a long line of people at a food truck he had never seen before, and he joined the line. Sally was a few minutes late to class, but when she got to the building where her class was held, she noticed all of the other students in her class leaving, so she turned around and left, too.

modern racism is characterized by

outward denial of racist attitudes, but implicit disapproval of the ways minorities may be threatening traditional society.

People from both Eastern and Western cultures blame things more on ____________ factors—the difference is in how much they emphasize ____________ factors.

personal, situational

Adrienne decides to go on vacation to Cambodia rather than Thailand, and once she arrives in Cambodia she thinks about how much better it is than Thailand. This is an example of:

postdecisional dissonance

discrimination

unfair treatment of a person as a result of prejudice

What caused this bystander apathy? Misha decides not to intervene in a bar fight between two large men for fear of getting hurt.

weighing the risks and benefits of helping