PSYC 101 Exam 6

What is considered the future of health psychology?

Developing interventions to reduce the prevalence of preventable illness

What part do negative feelings play in subjective well-being?

Negative feelings are functional and should be experienced as appropriate but only some of the time

When people are worried about what other think of them and decide to go along with the crowd is known as what?

Normative influence

Which processing route relies on heuristics?

Peripheral

What is the process by which a message induces change in beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors?

Persuasion

Which technique of persuasion uses a satisfied customer expressing how a particular product "changed their life!"?

Testimonials

_____ relies on psychological techniques; whereas, _____ emphasizes communicating objective information.

The peripheral route processing; the central route processing

Complementary views for assessing and understanding a phenomenon in psychology are referred to as levels of _____, and they range from the most general to the most specific.

analysis

Jacinta believes that people who are military veterans are all brave, honorable,and respectable. These beliefs represent an ______ that she has for veterans.

attitude

________ are opinions, feelings, and beliefs that a person holds about another person, a concept, or a group.

attitudes

The study of ______, which is a major topic of focus for social psychologists, examines the psychological process involved in having a sexual interest in another person.

attraction

Research on social pressure and conformity suggests which of the following factors can help individuals resist conformity in a group?

observing just one person disagreeing with the majority

Which of the following is NOT part of the proposed Triad of Trustworthiness?

Attractiveness

The tendency to act like those around us and be influenced by what they do is called?

Conformity

Kelly is at a college party and notices everyone is drinking. She concludes that the majority of students on campus must also drink alcohol frequently. What would we call Kelly's perception of what most people are doing?

Descriptive norm

What do we rely on in situations in which there are no clear societal norms?

Descriptive norms

What is the area of social psychology that focuses on how people think about others and about the social world?

social cognition

Much of what we do, as individuals in society, is a reflection of:

those we encounter

In Asch's line study roughly _______ of participants gave at least one wrong answer.

76%

What is the best definition of self-efficacy?

A belief that one can perform adequately in a given situation

What is it when behaviors provide an advantage or disadvantage to people based on group membership?

Discrimination

Sandra has relatively high subjective well-being. As such, we can predict she is most likely to do which of the following?

Donate her time and money to help others in her community or around the world to try and make a difference.

__________-focused coping is when one regulates their emotional reaction to stress, and _____________-focused coping is addressing the stressful event.

Emotion; problem

What is the definition of stressors?

Events or experiences that induce psychological and/or physiological stress

Stanley Milgram's studies on obedience and more recent replications have shown that:

Female participants obediently shocked the experimental victim at a rate similar to males in the Milgram and other studies which was approximately 65% of participants

What is compared to a "recording" that always happens in the same way every time?

Fixed action patterns

Milgram's obedience study demonstrated what factor in participants willing to shock others to an extreme level?

Following orders from an authority figure

What is NOT one of the five factors often studied in regard to resilience?

Genetic influences

Having sufficient social resources helps support individuals' subjective well-being. Which of the following is the best example of this resource?

Having a friend you can turn to in times of need

The line study conducted by Asch is a prime example of what process?

Influential change

Lulu has never been to the United States and is unsure what behavior is socially appropriate in certain situations. As a result, she conforms by going along with the crowd in order to understand the norm. Which of the following terms BEST describes this example?

Informational influence

What are some factors that increase social integration?

Large support network and many social roles in a community

Which factor decreased the rates of obedience in studies conducted by Milgram?

Seeing other participants refusing to press the shock levers When the instructions to continue came from another participant When the person being shocked was in the same room as the participant

______ describes the tendency to favor one's own in-group over another's outgroup

Social identity theory

Dr. Chui is trying to make recommendations to her client, Gary, to increase his subjective well-being. In this scenario, Dr. Chui is likely to do which of the following?

Tailor specific feedback for Gary since no one single recommendation is appropriate for everyone

Why do some salespeople try to start a new interaction by asking for something small from a potential customer? (e.g., "Just answer one quick question")

They know getting small acts of cooperation may lead to larger actions in the same direction.

What is the most accurate statement about stress and health?

Those highly stressed are more likely to get sick

What is the most effective way to protect from being persuaded?

To accept just how vulnerable we are

Which behavior type is considered at a higher risk for heart disease?

Type A Behavior

What factors increase your susceptibility to social proof?

Uncertainty and similarity

What standards do researchers measure life satisfaction by?

Whatever standards the individual participant thinks are most important for a good life

According to research what is one of the most stressful events in a person's life?

When they experience a loss of a relationship

Listening to your friend's advice for the best place to get ice cream over an ad that states the same place as the best ice cream shop in town is based on what technique?

Word of mouth

A health condition that persists over time is typically known as:

a chronic disease

______ best describes when people feel like they have the power to change their environment or behavior if they need or want to?

a sense of control

Shortly after she gets to her new college, 2500 miles away from home Tomasa goes to the school's activity fair to find some groups to join. She immediately signs up to audition for two different musical clubs, which are her interest. Her desire to join these groups may help to satisfy her need to _____.

belong

Prejudices, stereotypes, and discrimination:

can occur independently but are related

Kathy is looking at a stack of books at a local bookstore, when Daina brushes past her, gently pushing Kathy. "Wow, she is very rude," Kathy thinks. This is an example of social _____, when occurs when we make educated guesses about the efforts or motives of another person

cognition

What is the highest level of analysis in psychology?

culture and the environment

Which type of coping regulates the negative emotions associated with stressful events?

emotion-focused coping

Hammond has just started working at a new job stacking items at the supermarket. He notices that most of his colleagues do stretching exercises before they begin their shift. Hammond assumes that this is a workplace regulation and also begins to do the stretching exercises. Which of the following concepts explains Hammond's behavior?

fixed action patterns

The peripheral route to persuasion takes advantage "trigger features" that activate sequential behavior in animals and humans. What is this sequence of behavior called?

fixed action patterns (FAPs)

What is an example of manipulating the trustworthiness of a speaker?

have the speaker present his/her message as educational or objective information

An example outcome of high subjective well-being includes:

increased adaptability

Conformity and obedience are two widely researched forms of social ____ that have received attention in the field of social psychology

influence

Why do scientists sometimes avoid using the word happiness when referring to subjective well-being?

it is a popular word that can refer to different things such as feeling good or being satisfied

Researchers have found that when participants are exposed to a cold virus the participants with a lower risk of developing a cold were _________

less stressed and more positive at the beginning of the study

Which research method is used in social psychology to avoid the problem of having participants change their thoughts or behaviors as a result of being watched?

naturalistic observation

Persuasion is most effective when individuals are:

not feeling that their freedom to make a choice is threatened

If a researcher is studying how people react to a command of an authority figure, then he/she are most likely studying what?

obedience

In order to study fear, a neuroscientist connects Natalie to an electroenceopalograph (EEG) and then shows her a brief video of scary animals. These include wasps, snakes, and alligators. He then observes at Natalie shows activation in her amygdala. At which level of analysis has this scientist made his observations?

physiology

Albert has a large project due to his boss by the end of the week. Although it's stressful, Albert makes a step-by-step to-do list to ensure he can accomplish the project on time. Albert is displaying what type of coping?

problem-focused coping

Tracy enters a car dealership interested in buying a new car. Immediately she is greeted by a salesman offering her water or soda and a cookie. The salesman is likely relying on what social norm to help persuade Tracy to buy a car?

reciprocity

When a bartender offers you a free taste, you feel obligated to purchase the drink. This is an example of:

reciprocity

Ben is playing basketball with his friends one day when he notices everyone else has name brand shoes. He is uncertain how the quality of his shoes compares to his friends but because of __________ he feels pressure to conform and ends up buying name brand shoes for himself by the following week.

social proof

Yolanda is hosting a jewelry party during which her friends will come to her home and (hopefully) buy jewelry that she recommends. In this situation, there are many different ways in which perceptions of trustworthiness are being manipulated. Which of the following best describes why Yolanda might be successful in selling jewelry?

social proof

The fact that none of us are alone in the world - that we are all affected by others and, in turn, affect others - is the emphasis of the study of _____

social psychology

Examples of external or bottom-up causes of subjective well-being include:

sufficient material resources, sufficient social resources, and living in a desirable society

Elsa purchased concert tickets about two months ago. Today is the concert but it's raining out, meaning Elsa would have to purchase an umbrella and rain boots if she still wants to go. Why is Elsa still likely to be persuaded to attend the concert?

sunk costs

The reason that a "foot-in-the-door" sales pitch technique works is that it

takes advantage of your need to be consistent

Subjective well-being is influenced by which of the following factors?

temperament