PSYC 102: Intelligence

The Bell Curve

A score of <70 = intellectual disability significant cognitive delays/deficits in adaptive functioning struggle meeting "community standards" of independence/social Mental retardation -- intellectual disability. Intellectually gifted > 130 + - well built - well adjusted - well educated

Intelligence

Ability to learn from experience, solve problems adapt to new situations Intelligence measures an agent's ability to achieve goals in a wide range of environments

Analytical Intelligence

Academic problem solving//analysis//compare and contrast.

Robert Sternberg

Analytical intelligence Creative Intelligence Practical Intelligence

Divergent Thinking

Can be described as thinking "outside-of-the-box" it allows an individual to arrive at unique, multiple solutions to a given problem

Convergent Thinking

Describes the ability to provide a correct or well-established answer or solution to a problem

Alfred Binet

Developed a test for school children to determine which might need help Poor marks were not a sign of stupidity but deficiency

Howard Gardner

Eight Intelligences independent Existential Intelligence: - Ability to ponder big questions Emotional intelligence

Creative Intelligence

Finding novel solutions to common problems

Sir Francis Galton

First person to really study intelligence Darwin's cousin Intelligence was heritable and fixed a person's intelligence is stable and cannot be changed you can selectively breed a group of unintelligent people

Raymond Cattell

Fluid Intelligence: Encompasses the ability to see complex relationships and solve problems - Mental Gymnastics - Working Memory Crystallized Intelligence: Is characterized as acquired knowledge and ability to retrieve it - Stable/increasing intelligence - accumulated knowledge

Range of Reaction

Genes determine what we are capable of Environment encourages/discourages reaching that full potential

High Social Economic Standing vs Low Social economic standing

High SES = - More likely to read - better diet - Medical care and disease - fewer environmental toxins - Less stress - better education

The Flynn Affect

IQ scores tend to increase over the years We need to re-norm IQ scores every couple of years to maintain an average IQ score of 100

The Almight IQ

Intelligence Quotient IQ tests had a cultural bias IQ tests were geared towards knowledge that white children had

Multiple Intelligences

Linguistic Intelligence Logical-mathematical Musical Intelligence Bodily kinaesthetic intelligence Spatial intelligence interpersonal intelligence intrapersonal intelligence Naturalist intelligence

Intellectual Disability

Mild Moderate Severe Profound

Improving IQ

Nutrition +3.5IQ Early Education +4 Complex environments +7 Social Economic Status + 12-18 Exercise +10-15

Stereotype Threat

Poor performance caused by anxiety experienced when one realizes they are part of a group that is negatively stereotyped

Neuroimaging

Prefrontal Cortex Working memory, planning concentration executive functioning lives here children living in poverty have less activity in the prefrontal cortex than those not living in poverty impairment was similar to children whose prefrontal cortex is damaged

Practical Intelligence

Street smart. Most different from "traditional" understanding of intelligence. Think on your feet. People who interview well, defuse a situation - road rage.

Heritability of Intelligence

The proportion of the difference in IQ scores that is explained by differences in genes. 50-70%

Lewis Terman

Took Alfred's test and adapted them for America Standardize how the test was administered NORMING - indication of what a group DOES know Norming and Standardization increase reliability of the test

David Wechsler

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Most commonly used test of intelligence Intelligence is multifaceted

Cultural Intelligence

When you visit such a culture, how well you relate to the values of that culture exemplifies your cultural intelligence sometimes referred to as cultural competence

Dysgraphia

children with dysgraphia have a learning disability that results in a struggle to write

Emotional Intelligence

encompasses the ability to understand the emotions of yourself and others, show empathy, understand social relationships and cues and regulate your own emotions and respond in culturally appropriate ways What emotions an event will trigger identify, describe and manage their emotions know how to use their emotions to improve decisions identify other's emotions better social skills better romantic relationships better workplace relationships happier healthier more satisfied with their lives

Dyslexia

exhibits an inability to correctly process letters. The neurological mechanism for sound processing does not work properly in someone with dyslexia

WISC-V

is composed of 14 subtests, comprised of five indices, which then render an IQ score - Verbal comprehension - Visual Spatial - Fluid Reasoning - Working memory - Processing speed