PSYC 203 chapter 2&3 quiz
Current multicultural perspectives are MOST likely to focus on the
special external pressures faced by members of a culture
Current multicultural perspectives are MOST likely to focus on the:
special external pressures faced by members of a culture.
A clinician follows predetermined steps while administering a clinical assessment tool, then measures the results against a norm. This is an example of:
standardization.
During a session, a client views several photos that depict people in different social scenarios. As the client views the pictures, the clinician asks the client to fabricate a story to explain what is happening in each picture. The patient is taking:
the Thematic Apperception Test.
A psychologist constructs a comprehensive view of what is causing and maintaining a person's abnormal behavior. This is referred to as:
the clinical picture.
The clinical interview can be used as an assessment tool, but it is limited by:
the clinician's possible overreliance on first impressions.
Freud believed that the id is fueled by
the libido.
The assumption behind the use of projective tests as assessment tools is that:
the responses come from the client's unconscious.
A clinician uses the Rorschach test to focus on the actual images that a person describes. The clinician is emphasizing:
theme
A patient with a controlling mother is undergoing therapy. Soon, the patient begins seeking the therapist's approval for all types of decisions, rather than just making the decisions herself. This is an example of:
transference.
If you recognize your worth as a person, Carl Rogers would say that you have developed:
unconditional self-regard
Research on the relationship between religious beliefs and psychological health shows that people
who are devout and see God as caring and helpful are the healthiest.
Research on the relationship between religious beliefs and psychological health shows that people:
who are devout and see God as caring and helpful tend to be mentally healthy.
A campus newspaper published an Exam Anxiety test that newspaper staffers put together one evening just before their publishing deadline. Despite it hasty construction, the highest MOST likely has
?
According to the text, intelligence must be measured indirectly. What might be a reason for this?
?
Abnormal chemical activity in the body's endocrine system relates to the release of: A) hormones. B) neurotransmitters. C) neurons. D) genes.
A
The outer layer of the brain is the: A) cortex. B) corpus callosum. C) basal ganglia. D) amygdala.
A
Which model is MOST likely to suggest using free association to uncover unconscious processes? A) Psychodynamic B) Cognitive C) Humanistic-existential D) Behavioral
A
What kind of inventory asks about how one would act with others in the variety of situations?
A social skills inventory
A patient has social anxiety disorder. Which is an example of a biological treatment for this condition?
A. Prescribing an antidepressant medication such as paroxetine
The perspective that religious views are defense mechanisms created by people to make life tolerable is MOST characteristic of:
A. classic Freudian psychotherapy.
During a meeting, Shonda's manager asks her to free associate about her coworker's performance. Shonda responds by changing the subject. A psychodynamic therapist would consider this an example of:
A. resistance.
Cognitive behavioral approaches used to treat social anxiety disorder aim to
Alter illogical thinking patterns and reduce avoidance behavior
Which statement is the BEST response about a scientific opinion on the use of polygraphic evidence?
Although they are used widely, polygraph results are not particularly reliable.
Graduate school personal with you applying student's test scores, college grades, and relevant experience to determine who will be granted admission
Assessment
Mindfulness has been shown to be associated with improvements in which of the following?
Autonomic nervous system functioning
"That's all right.You are doing your best.Don't worry.I'm here for you." A therapist who would say this as a primary part of the therapy process would MOST probably be following the _____ tradition. A) cognitive B) humanistic C) psychodynamic D) rational emotive
B
A psychologist believes that all dysfunctional behavior is due to past experiences,and that no symptom or behavior is accidental.Because of this,the psychologist explores a client's childhood to explain the adult client's current dysfunctional behavior.This is an example of what kind of psychodynamic theory? A) Pleasure principle B) Determinist C) Ego defense mechanism D) Object relations
B
A therapist who believes people often hide from their responsibilities and therefore often feel alienated,depressed,and inauthentic would MOST likely be described as: A) humanistic. B) existential. C) psychodynamic. D) cognitive.
B
A general term used for Freud's,Adler's,and Jung's theories is: A) psychiatric. B) biological. C) psychodynamic. D) psychophysical.
C
In the 1960s and 1970s,social upheaval and soul-searching in Western society gave rise to humanistic and existential therapies.The BEST explanation for this trend is that these theories: A) focused primarily on unconscious thoughts,instincts,and conflict. B) focused on a positive message and living a meaningful life. C) identified an external source as the cause of abnormal behavior. D) discounted the concept of "abnormal" and focused on acceptance.
B
Research on the relationship between religious beliefs and psychological health shows that people: A) without any religious belief are the healthiest. B) who are devout and see God as caring and helpful are the healthiest. C) who believe in a higher being are the healthiest. D) who are not religious cope better with life stressors such as war and illness.
B
The perspective that religious views are defense mechanisms created by people to make life tolerable is MOST characteristic of
Classical Freudian psychotherapy
A theorist who believes that someone who is labeled a hard worker will, in fact, become a hard worker is MOST likely a ———theorist
Behavior-focused
A biological theorist studies a psychological disorder through the in term connectivity of an entire network of brain structures. This shows the recent belief that the key to psychological disorders is lies in:
Brain circuits
According to Freud's psychodynamic theory,the part of the personality that operates by the morality principle is the: A) id. B) ego. C) superego. D) ego ideal.
C
If a clinician is particularly interested in a client's family medical history, that clinician's orientation is MOST likely:
biological.
Mason's parents always pay special attention to him when he takes toys from his little sister.As such,he continues to steal her toys.This is an example of: A) shaping. B) modeling. C) operant conditioning. D) classical conditioning.
C
DSM-5 is the first edition of the DSM that requires clinicians to provide:
both categorical information and dimensional information.
Which group BEST reflects those who may benefit from couple therapy? A) Married couples B) Any two individuals who live together C) Individuals who are in a long-term relationship D) Individuals in a romantic relationship who live together
C
The psychologist credited with paving the way for psychologists to practice psychotherapy is
Carl Rogers
The psychologist credited with paving the way for psychologists to practice psychotherapy is:
Carl Rogers.
The force that operates on the 'reality principle' is an independent, powerful force in human functioning. What kind of theorist would agree MOST strongly with this statement?
Classical Freudian
Which model of abnormality focuses on learning and the thinking that underlies behavior
Cognitive behavior
The theory focused on the behaviors people exhibited and the thoughts they have as usually described as
Cognitive behavioral
If you are being encouraged to see the link between the way you interpret your experiences and the way you feel and to question the accuracy of your interpretation, you are probably receiving
Cognitive therapy
When I was a child, I love to go swimming in a lake near my house. However, one afternoon I was bitten on the foot by something in the water. Since that time I've never been able to swim in a lake. A therapist who assumes this describes a phobia acquired from classical conditioning MOST likely favors which model of abnormality?
Cognitive-behavioral
Which model emphasizes the importance of conditioning in determining human actions?
Cognitive-behavioral
A theorist who believes that someone who is labeled a hard worker will,in fact,become a hard worker is MOST likely a _____ theorist. A) existential B) humanistic C) sociocultural D) behavior-focused
D
A therapist listens carefully to a client's words and then attempts to show accurate empathy and genuineness.The hope is that the client will engage in self-examination with acceptance and honesty.MOST likely,this therapist is a _____ therapist. A) behavior-focused B) cognitive-behavioral C) psychodynamic D) humanistic
D
The outer layer of the brain is the
cortex
Freud believed that the three central forces that shape the personality were: A) instincts,the ego,and the self. B) biological forces,culture,and learning. C) consciousness,unconsciousness,and instincts. D) instinctual needs,rational thinking,and moral standards.
D
The paradigm,or model,adopted by people in the Middle Ages to explain abnormal behavior was the _____ model. A) sociocultural B) biological C) cognitive D) demonological
D
The proper conclusion from research studies that show a relationship between devout religious people who see God as warm and caring and psychological health is that: A) religion causes people to deal better with the challenges of life. B) psychologically healthy people have more time and energy for religion. C) people who have a religious community to support them are healthier. D) people who are more devout are also psychologically healthier.
D
The self-actualization motive plays an important part in human functioning,according to: A) cognition-focused therapists. B) behavior-focused therapists. C) psychoanalysts. D) humanists.
D
The sociocultural model of abnormality focuses on all of these factors EXCEPT: A) social labels and roles. B) family structure and communication. C) social networks. D) past traumatic experiences.
D
Which statement about couple therapy is MOST accurate? A) Only about 10 percent of those who receive couple therapy eventually divorce. B) Most people who receive couple therapy report no real improvement in their functioning. C) There is a decreasing need for couple therapy based on current divorce rates. D) There is no one theoretical approach used in couple therapy.
D
The paradigm, or model, often adopted by people in the Middle Ages to explain abnormal behavior was the——-model
Demonological
A psychologist believes that all dysfunctional behavior is due to past experiences, and that no symptom or behavior is accidental. Because of this, the psychologist explore a client's childhood to explain the adult client's current dysfunctional behavior. This is an example of what kind of psychodynamic therapy?
Determinist
A person who is isolated and lacks social support or intimacy is more likely to
Develop depression when under stress
According to psychodynamic theory, the part of the personality that guides us to know when we can and cannot express our impulses is the:
Ego
If a person had his brain waves recorded to measure electrical activity, he MOST likely had a
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
If a mother seems excessively involved in her child's life such that the two do not seem to be independent people the relationship is said to be
Enmesh
Gambling disorder is a manifestation of the previously desirable behavior of being a risk taker. This statement aligns MOST closely with the beliefs of which type of theorist?
Evolutionary theorist
A therapist who believes people often hide from their responsibilities and therefore often feel alienated, depressed, and inauthentic would MOST likely be described as
Existential
Which theory has its roots in the philosophical idea that people are constantly evaluating and giving meaning to their existence through their actions?
Existential
A person has a recurring dream of losing her dog. In her dream, she panics and looks for her dog everywhere. This dream is interpreted to reflect the patient's emotional stress over losing her mother, who is terminally ill. Which is an example of latent content?
Feeling stress about her mother's illness
In the 1960s and 1970s, the social upheaval and soul-searching and Western society gave rise to humanistic and existential therapies. The BEST explanation for this trend is that these theories
Focus on a positive message and living a meaningful life
Abnormal chemical activity in the body's endocrine system relates to the release of
Hormones
"That's all right. You are doing your best. Don't worry. I'm here for you." A therapist who would say this as a primary part of the therapy process would most probably be following the ———tradition
Humanistic
A therapist listens carefully to a client's words and then attempts to show accurate empathy and genuineness. The hope is that the client will engage in self-examination with acceptance and honesty. MOST likely, this therapist is a———-therapist
Humanistic
A therapist listens carefully to a clients words and then attempts to show accurate empathy and genuineness. The hope is that the client will engage in self examination with the acceptance and honesty. Most likely, this therapist is a ———therapist
Humanistic
A therapist who describes her client as someone who has yet to fulfill his or her full potential, rather than as someone with a disorder, is MOST likely what kind of theorist?
Humanistic
When we try to establish how abnormality develops, we need to consider how individuals deal with the meaning of life and with the value they find in living. A psychologist from which background would agree MOST strongly with this statement?
Humanistic-existential
Which model of abnormality MOST closely aligns with positive psychology?
Humanistic-existential
The self-accusation motive plays an important part in human functioning, according to
Humanists
A patient has loss of cell in the cortex and the basal genitalia. This is physical aspect of what disease
Huntington's disease
According to Freud, a child's pleasure from defecating is reflected in which part of the personality?
Id
According to cognition-focused therapists, which is a factor in abnormal behavior?
Illogical thinking
Which group best reflects those who may benefit from couple therapy?
Individuals who are in a long-term relationship
Freud believed that the three central focus is that shape the personality were
Instinctual needs, rational thinking, and moral standards
Brooklyn learns to turn on the TV by watching her older brother turn it on this form of learning is called
Modeling
Dontrall served his parent's generous behavior throughout his childhood. As a result, he developed a positive and generous attitude toward the world. According to the behavioral model, Dontrall acquired this perspective through the process of
Modeling
What is a factor that might inhibit the use of effective assessment tools?
Most assessment tools are expensive to administer and evaluate.
DSM-5 is the classification system for abnormal behavior that is:
Most widely used in the United States
Mason's parents always pay special attention to him when he takes toys from his little sister. As such, he continues to steal her toys. This is example of
Operant conditioning
When a child yells and threatens others, he or she is placed in a time-out, away from the group. During the time-out, no one interacts with the child. The child learns to interact with others without yelling. This is an example of behavior modification using
Operant conditioning
The sociocultural model of abnormality focuses on all of these factors EXCEPT:
Past traumatic experiences
A clinician asks a client to interpret inkblots for a personality assessment. A possible reason for the clinician to do this is to:
learn about unconscious conflicts in the client.
Infants tend to do things that feel good. This is in accord with what Freud called:
Pleasure principle
A patient has social anxiety disorder. Which is an example of biological treatment for this condition?
Prescribing an antidepressant medication such as paroxetine
A general term used for Freud's, Adler's, and Jung's theories is:
Psychodynamic
Resistance and transference are terms most likely used by which model
Psychodynamic
Resistance and transference are terms most likely used by which model?
Psychodynamic
Understanding a person's unconscious processes is critical in explaining abnormality. Which model of abnormality does this quote MOST closely represent?
Psychodynamic
Which model is most likely to suggest using free association to uncover unconscious processes?
Psychodynamic
The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) designed a new neuroscience-focused classification tool as an alternative to DSM-5. This tool is called:
Research Domain Criteria (RDoC)
The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) designed a new neuroscience-focused classification tool as an alternative to DSM-5. This tool is called the:
Research Domain Criteria (RDoC).
During a meeting, Shonda's manager asks her to free associate about her coworker's performance. Shonda responds by changing the subject. A psychodynamic therapist would consider this an example of
Resistance
Humanists I would say that an individual who cares about others and who is spontaneous, courageous, and independent is
Self-actualizing
The model of abnormality pays particular attention to client's family structure, social norms, and the clients role in society
Sociocultural
The paradigm, or model adopted by people in the Middle Ages to explain abnormal behavior was the ———model
Sociocultural
Which statement is TRUE regarding the reliability of DSM-5?
Some research studies have responded better reliability with DSM-5 over earlier version, but other studies have not.
According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, the part of the personality that operates by the morality principle is the
Superego
Failure to treat many people with severe disturbances appropriately is MOST often a problem with which level of prevention?
Tertiary
Which of the following is the difference between the original MMPI and MMPI-2
The MMPI-2 was tested on a more diverse group of people
Which of the following is a difference between the original MMPI and the MMPI-2?
The MMPI-2 was tested on a more diverse group of people.
Imagine that you subscribe to the sociocultural model of abnormality. Which would be a part of your paradigm?
The family-social perspective
What is one of the reasons why the psychodynamic model is difficult to research?
The processes described in this model occur at an unconscious level.
When a subject is participating in the final testing phase of a drug study, which of the following is taking place?
The researchers are examining the effects on the subject to determine the drug's efficacy and side effects.
Which statement about couple therapy is most accurate?
There is no one theoretical approach used in couple therapy.
Which of the following is a valid critique of the use of response inventories?
They are not well tested (with some exceptions).
According to psychoanalytic theory, which statement is TRUE about dreams?
They reflect our unconscious desires and needs.
I left the quiz number to add question number 33
This is the models of abnormality chapter 2
Which statement would a family systems theorist MOST likely agree with?
What an individual views as abnormal behavior in public may be the only way to effectively interact with family members."
Which is NOT a question that therapy outcome studies seek to answer?
Which therapies are effective for all clients?
Which is NOT a question that therapy outcome studies seek to answer
Which therapists are effective for all clients?
After a client shares his or her DSM diagnosis with others, people may treat the client differently, and the client may act accordingly. Many theorists would attribute this to the development of:
a self-fulfilling prophecy.
What kind of inventory asks about how one would act with others in a variety of situations?
a social skills inventor
Under a psychologist's instruction, Grace's mother records the number of times Grace hits her brother at home, and what happens immediately before the hitting. In this situation, Grace's mother is:
acting as a participant observer.
Cognitive-behavioral approaches used to treat social anxiety disorder aim to:
alter illogical thinking patterns and reduce avoidance behaviors.
Graduate school personnel review applying students' test scores, college grades, and relevant experience to determine who will be granted admission. This is similar to a clinician engaging in:
assessment.
An important factor to consider when prescribing drugs for the treatment of abnormality would be that:
some people do not benefit from drug treatments.
A biological theorist studies a psychological disorder through the interconnectivity of an entire network of brain structures. This shows the recent belief that the key to psychological disorders lies in:
brain circuits
What evidence there is about the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy comes from:
case studies.
The term for the form of psychotherapy pioneered by Carl Rogers is:
client-centered.
The process of evaluating a person's progress after he or she has been in treatment is called a:
clinical assessment.
The therapy found to be most effective for treating phobias is
cognitive-behavioral therapy.
According to a 2018 report (Prochaska & Norcross), the dominant approach used by clinical psychologists is:
cognitive-behavioral.
The theory focused on the behaviors people exhibit and the thoughts they have is usually described as:
cognitive-behavioral.
Gertrude is a college student. Her roommate notices that she frequently displays symptoms of depression at home but seldom does so at work or during class. In this case, clinical observations of this person at work would lack:
cross-situational validity.
The paradigm, or model, often adopted by people in the Middle Ages to explain abnormal behavior was the _____ model
demonological
The antenna-like extensions located at one end of the neuron are called:
dendrites.
A person who is isolated and lacks social support or intimacy is more likely to:
develop depression when under stress.
A clinician administers a test to a group of participants who are typical of a larger population and records their scores. The clinician plans to measure future test results of the larger population against those scores. The clinician is:
developing the norms.
Greshka spilled iced coffee on her shirt while sitting in the park. She had another shirt with her and wanted to change right then and there. However, she went to the restroom to change instead. According to psychodynamic theory, the force that is in control in this example is the:
ego
If a person had his brain waves recorded to measure electrical activity, he MOST likely had a(n):
electroencephalogram (EEG).
When treating religious patients, it is recommended that mental health professionals:
encourage clients to use spiritual resources that aid with coping.
Which of the following factors contribute the MOST to therapy outcomes?
events in the client's life
A campus newspaper publishes an Exam Anxiety test that newspaper staffers put together one evening just before their publishing deadline. Despite its hasty construction, the test MOST likely has:
face validity.
You know, it really doesn't matter: One kind of psychotherapy is generally just about as good as any other. Someone who agrees with this statement is:
falling victim to the uniformity myth.
Compared with projective tests, personality inventories generally have:
greater reliability and greater validity.
A feminist therapist would MOST likely focus on:
how prejudice and discrimination impact women.
A therapist listens carefully to a client's words and then attempts to show accurate empathy and genuineness. The hope is that the client will engage in self-examination with acceptance and honesty. MOST likely, this therapist is a _____ therapist.
humanistic
The _____ model proposes that humans must have an accurate self-awareness and live meaningful lives to be psychologically well adjusted.
humanistic-existential
When dealing with a new client, the clinical practitioner's major focus is to gather which type of information?
idiographic information
A mental health practitioner attempts to learn about the behavior and emotional state of each client. This approach to abnormal psychology is called:
idiographic.
Which factor leads to increased respect for assessment and diagnosis?
increased assessment research
A clinician has developed a new assessment tool. Clients write stories about their problems, and then two different judges independently evaluate the stories in terms of how logically they are written. Which UNIQUE reliability consideration applies to this type of assessment?
interrater reliability
One reason to question the validity of clinical interviews is that:
interviewers may make mistakes in how they interpret the information they gather.
One reason why it is challenging for clinicians to determine whether a treatment for a psychological disorder is effective is that:
it is difficult to measure improvement.
The reliability concerns for DSM-5 MOST likely arise because of its:
lack of adequate field trials of new criteria and categories.
According to Freud, another term for the symbolic meaning of dreams is:
latent content.
To measure tendencies toward depression, an assessment tool asks individuals to record all the times they feel sad. However, individuals report wide variations in the number of sad episodes from day to day. This assessment tool has:
low test-retest reliability and high face validity.
Dontrall observed his parents' generous behavior throughout his childhood. As a result, he developed a positive and generous attitude toward the world. According to the behavioral model, Dontrall acquired this perspective through the process of:
modeling.
The goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy is BEST described as:
modifying the client's negative behavior and dysfunctional ways of thinking.
DSM-5 is the classification system for abnormal behaviors that is:
most widely used in the United States.
A therapist's preferred method of assessing abnormal behavior is to watch clients in their everyday environments and record their activities and behaviors. This approach is known as:
naturalistic observation.
The assessment instrument MOST likely to be used to detect subtle brain abnormalities is the:
neuropsychological test.
Some studies have reported that 5 to 10 percent of patients with psychological disorders get worse after starting treatment. From this finding, one can conclude that:
not all treatments are equally effective in all clients.
A present-day clinician uses terms like dementia and mental retardation for diagnostic categories. That clinician is using terms:
not used in DSM-5 but used in previous forms of the DSM.
A clinician's knowledge that a person about to be interviewed has already been diagnosed as having an anxiety disorder could lead to:
observer bias.
When a child yells and threatens others, he or she is placed in a time-out, away from the group. During the time-out, no one interacts with the child. The child learns to interact with others without yelling. This is an example of behavior modification using:
operant conditioning.
According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, at birth the child is in the:
oral stage.
When Mathias did not get a job for which he applied, he was sure that everything was going wrong, that his life was completely off track. This thought is an example of:
overgeneralization.
The proper conclusion from research studies that show a relationship between devout religious people who see God as warm and caring and psychological health is that:
people who are more devout are also psychologically healthier.
The proper conclusion from research studies that show a relationship between devout religious people who can see God as warm and caring and psychological health is that
people who are more devout are also psychologically healthier. People who have a religious community to have support them are healthier.
Regarding the finding that there are more seriously disturbed people within poor subpopulations, a multicultural theorist would focus on the way in which:
poverty is a stressor that contributes to dysfunction.
A primary focus of the community mental health treatment approach to abnormality is:
prevention.
Which model is MOST likely to suggest using free association to uncover unconscious processes?
psychodynamic
A psychiatrist says, "I'm a strong believer in a combined approach to therapy. In fact, I frequently participate in combined approaches, although I don't practice psychotherapy." Based on this statement, this psychiatrist's specialty is MOST likely:
psychopharmacology.
The general score derived from intelligence tests is termed a(n) intelligence:
quotient.
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used MOST often in the treatment of:
severe depression.
"Let's just do away with diagnoses," says a clinician. "All we do is make things worse." That clinician's viewpoint is:
shared by some of those working in the area of abnormality.
Multicultural theorists would explain the higher levels of mental illness among poor people as MOST likely due to:
social factors leading to stress.
