PSYC 230 Exam 3 poll ev

Each of the following items may grab your attention, which would be due to the phenomenon of Attentional Control Settings? The lone football fan wearing a red shirt in a group of Carolina Blue clad students. Someone saying your name A flashing box in your periphery Any blue car while you are sitting on the curb waiting for your friend, who drives a blue car to pick you up.

Any blue car while you are sitting on the curb waiting for your friend, who drives a blue car to pick you up.

A patient's symptoms include poor spoken and written comprehension but fluent and reasonably grammatical speech output. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Wernicke's aphasia

"Kitchen tables" consists of morphemes. 2 3 4 5

3

The word "bad" has phoneme(s). 1 2 3 4

3

Dominic is at a job interview trying to recall his interviewer's first name. Her business card is on the desk and contains her inital, but its orientation is not facing him. Dominic mentally rotates the letter into a straight-up orientation. For which angle (compared to the final straight-up orientation) would you predict Dominic would be fastest in identifying the initial? 30 60 90 120

30

Which of the following is the best example of top-down processing? A woman smells an odor in the air around a dumpster A child hears a sound coming from the kitchen A man recognizes and calls for his child waiting in the carpool line A woman feels a tap on her shoulder

A man recognizes and calls for his child waiting in the carpool line

Which of the following abilities would be least likely be affected in an individual with Aphantasia? Ability to recall how their favorite food tastes Ability to draw Ability to picture a loved one's face Ability to filter out irrelevant sensory stimulus (cocktail party phenomenon)

Ability to filter out irrelevant sensory stimulus (cocktail party phenomenon)

Which of the following does NOT play a role in allowing us to understand speech? Syntax Current contex Prosody All of the above contribute to our ability to recognize words in language.

All of the above contribute to our ability to recognize words in language.

Which of the following is the best example of a garden path sentence? Before the police stopped the Toyota disappeared into the night. The man was not surprised when he found several spiders, roaches, and other bugs in the corner of the room. The cats won't bake. The Eskimos were frightened by the walrus.

Before the police stopped the Toyota disappeared into the night.

Who was the first cognitive psychologist to demonstrate that it is possible to quantitatively study the mind by performing reaction time experiments? Wundt Ebbinghaus Donders James

Donders

What was true of Tolman's study on spatial learning? Animal who needed to turn the same way each time learned faster He conclided that animals store high-level representations of how their environment is laid out. The results supported Behaviorism That animals perform tasks more quickly with positive reinforcement rather than punishment.

He conclided that animals store high-level representations of how their environment is laid out.

What is the main question related to the "imagery debate"? Does Aphantasia exisit? Can imagery be used across multiple senses? Does Visual Imagery exisit? Is imagery controlled by mechanisms based on spatial or language-related properties?

Is imagery controlled by mechanisms based on spatial or language-related properties

In an attentional blink paradigm, at the end of each trial, participants respond ________ to a 2nd target presented quickly after the 1st. Less accurately More accurately Less quickly More quickly Both A and C

Less accurately

If someone is afflicted by agrammatic aphasia, the might: Replace the word "motorcycle" with "bike car" May have circular speech patterns that go nowhere May leave out connecting words for grammar and have "telegraphic" speech May have issues understanding instructions given to them More than one of the above.

May leave out connecting words for grammar and have "telegraphic" speech

Which is considered to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving? Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection Mapping corresponding parts between the problems because the elements are difficult to identify Applying the mapping to generate a parallel solution because of the difficulty in generalizing from one problem to another Solving the problem through reorganization because past experience can make it more difficult to reorganize a problem

Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection

Many people still remember the surroundings vividly when they heard about the 9/11 event. However, researchers suggested that these memories have____accuracy than/as everyday memories, because emotions Higher Lower Similar

Similar

In Shepard and Metzler's 1971 experiments, the two examined subjects' mental rotation abilities. This best reflects the concept of _________, which is absent in those afflicted with ___________. Spatial representation ; Aphantasia Digital representation; Aphantasia Spatial representation; Aphasia Digital representation; Aphasia

Spatial representation ; Aphantasia

Which of the following is NOT a part of the Gestalt Principles of Organization? The law of pragnaz suggests that every stimulus pattern is seen in such �a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible The belief that the whole is equal to the sum of parts. The law of similarity suggests that things similar things tend to appear grouped together. The law of continuity holds that points that are connected by straight or curving lines are seen in a way that follows the smoothest path.

The belief that the whole is equal to the sum of parts.

Which of the following provides evidence that meaning can influence language perception Motor theory of speech perception The phonemic restoration effect The Mcgurk effect Audiovisual speech perception

The phonemic restoration effect

Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem? Tower of Hanoi problem Two-string problem Mutilated checkerboard problem The radiation problem

Two-string problem

The 2 sentences taken together display which of the following: Captain Ahab wanted to kill the whale. He cursed at it. instrumental inference garden path sentence phonemic restoration anaphoric inference

anaphoric inference

Which word would you expect to be most readily available in the average persons mental lexicon? apricot kumquat banana kiwi

banana

In Kaplan and Simon's experiment, they presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. Participants in the group had the fastest response time. blank color black and pink bread and butter

bread and butter

The typical purpose of subgoals is to solve insight problems. move the solver directly from the initial state to the goal state. bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state. avoid the need to perform means-end analysis.

bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state.

Peterson and Peterson studied how well participants can remember groups of three letters (like BRT, QSD) after various delays. They found that participants remembered an average of 80 percent of the groups after 3 seconds but only 10 percent after 18 seconds. They hypothesized that this decrease in performance was due to ____ , but later research showed that it was actually due to _____. interference; decay priming; interference decay; interference decay; lack of rehearsal

decay; interference

Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. The purpose of this experiment was to demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. show how people progress through the problem space as they solve a problem. show that some problems are easier to solve than others. measure the time-course of solving well-defined versus ill-defined problems.

demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems.

You receive a text message that reads "My steak eaten up by the broccoli". Which word would lead to a P600 for you? steak eaten the broccoli

eaten

Newell and Simon were early pioneers in designing computer programs that could solve problems. Their research program was based on the idea that problem solving is a process that involves insight algorithms parity heuristic search

heuristic search

In the Tower of Hanoi problem, this state involves having three discs stacked on the left peg, with the middle and right pegs empty. transitory goal intermediate initial

initial

The analogical paradox refers to problem-solving differences between experts and novices. laboratory and real-world settings. experimental groups and control groups. well- and ill-defined problems.

laboratory and real-world settings.

A fan of science fiction television shows would be more likely to make sense of the phrase "Start Wreck In Tore Prize" (Star Trek Enterprise) This demonstrates the importance of _____ the McGurk effect on speech perception bottom-up processing on phomenic boundaries articulators in speech production meaning on segmentation

meaning on segmentation

Functional fixedness would be LOWEST for a(n) novel object. familiar object. frequently used object. object with a specific function.

novel object.

A person with Wernicke's aphasia _____ has damage to an area of the occipital cortex can comprehend words, but can't produce speech has trouble with word segmentation produces fluent but incoherent speech

produces fluent but incoherent speech

The primacy effect (from the serial position curve experiment) is attributed to recall of information stored in LTM. a type of rehearsal that improves memory for all items in a list. recall of information still active in STM. forgetting of early items in a list as they are replaced by later items.

recall of information stored in LTM.

The water-jug problem demonstrates that one consequence of having a procedure that does provide a solution to a problem is that, if well-learned, it may prevent us from seeing more efficient solutions to the problem. being able to solve other problems at all. understanding why the procedure works successfully. discriminating between well- and ill-defined problems.

seeing more efficient solutions to the problem.

The predominant type of coding in LTM is phonological. concrete. semantic. visual.

semantic

The interactionist approach to parsing states that semantics is activated only at the end of a sentence. semantics is activated as a sentence is being read. the grammatical structure of a sentence determines the initial parsing. semantics is only activated to clear up ambiguity. Responded on Nov 8, 2019 at 2:58pm

semantics is activated as a sentence is being read.

Considering the fortress and the radiation problems together, the fortress problem represents the ________ problem. source target exemplar prototype

source

People tend to fixate first on high contrast or unique (relative to the surrounding area) points in a visual scene. This is a result of _____. attentional blink stimulus salience voluntary attention the spotlight effect

stimulus salience

Yoda, a central character of the Star Wars movies created by George Lucas, has a distinctive way of speaking. His statement, "Afraid you will be," violates which aspect of the English language? mental lexicon semantics syntax segmenation

syntax

With the Stroop effect, you would expect to find longest response times when the color and the name matched. the color and the name differed. the shape and the name matched. the shape and the name differed.

the color and the name differed.

Lexical ambiguity studies show that people access ambiguous words based on the identification of a single meaning for that word. the meaning dominance of each definition of the word. the word that comes immediately before and the word that comes immediately after the ambiguous word in the sentence. a bottom-up progression of meaning comprehension.

the meaning dominance of each definition of the word.

There are _____ phonemes for vowel sounds in the English language two five six thirteen

thirteen

A researcher had participants read each of the sentences below and measured the time it took to read each sentence. Trial 1: The lamb ran past the cottage into the pasture. Trial 2: The dog ran past the house into the yard. The participants' response times would likely be longer for ____ because of the _____ effect. trial 2; word frequency trial 1; word frequency trial 2; word superiority trial 1; word superiority

trial 1; word frequency

The "what" pathway travels _______ to which the _______ lobe of the brain? ventrally; parietal dorsally; parietal ventrally; temporal dorsally; temporal

ventrally; temporal