PSYC 2301 quiz 3

A similarity between acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder is that both:

are characterized by feelings of anxiety and helplessness that are caused by a traumatic event.

The _________ of conversion disorders holds that people with conversion disorder are susceptible to being hypnotized.

biopsychosocial perspective

Katie is scared of meeting new people. She eats at her desk at work to avoid interacting with her coworkers and consistently refuses their invitations to go out for parties. Psychologists will most likely diagnose Katie with _________.

social phobia

In generalized dissociative amnesia, people forget particular traumatic instances of their lives but not their entire lives.

False

In the context of specific phobias, acrophobia is the fear of snakes.

False

. Which of the following is consistent with Erikson's stage of ego integrity versus despair?

People focus on letting go and accepting their place in the sweep of history.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the fetal stage of prenatal development?

The fetus alternates between wakefulness and sleep.

Psychologists define personality as the reasonably stable patterns of emotions, motives, and behavior that distinguishes one person from another.

True

Research suggests that people who have reported greater feelings of happiness and well-being are likely to score more highly than other people on scales that measure emotional stability, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and extraversion.

True

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is an example of an objective test present respondents with a standardized group of test items in the form of a questionnaire.

True

A two-year-old child's family has a pet rabbit. When the family visits the zoo, the child sees a hamster for the first time and calls it a rabbit because of the physical features that are common to a rabbit and a hamster. According to Piaget, which cognitive process will most likely modify the child's understanding?

accommodation

According to Ainsworth, infants who show __________ are least distressed by their mother's departure, play by themselves without fuss, and ignore their mothers when they return.

avoidant attachment

Someone who does not run on the wrong side of the road because it's the law is exhibiting which stage of moral reasoning?

conventional

Jane has episodes where she cannot remember what she did or where she was. She has found clothes in her closet that do not belong to her. When she goes to see the doctor, she introduces herself as Suzy. Jane is most likely to be diagnosed with:

dissociative identity disorder.

Mark and Mindy have two daughters. Their older daughter moved to a different city to pursue her graduate studies a few years ago. Recently, their younger daughter also moved to a different country for her undergraduate studies. Now, Mindy is bereft and is unable to figure out what to do with her free time. This scenario best illustrates the _____.

empty-nest syndrome

According to Piaget's stages of development, when children are in the concrete operational stage, they are more egocentric than when they are in the preoperational stage.

false

Research shows that children of authoritarian parents have greater self-reliance, self-esteem, social competence, and achievement motivation than other children.

false

With age, there are very large declines in memory function, and these changes can never be reversed.

false

Sanchez, an eight-year-old boy, suffers from unpredictable panic attacks and constantly talks to his imaginary friends. His mother confesses to the family doctor, "I probably drank too much alcohol during pregnancy and caused damage to Sanchez's brain." This statement supports the _____ on psychological disorders.

medical model

Stephanie decided not to cheat on the exam because she was afraid of the consequences. This is characteristic of which stage of moral reasoning?

preconventional

According to Piaget, the __________ is the second stage of cognitive development in children.

preoperational stage

According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the __________ functions according to the moral principle.

superego

The humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers focused on the self-concept and self-esteem, or self-regard.

True

The Rorschach inkblot test is an example of an objective test.

False

Which of the following Freudian psychic structures is present in a person at birth?

The Id.

Which of the following is a focus of the psychodynamic theory?

The far-reaching effects of childhood events on personality.

Most parents suffer from empty-nest syndrome when their youngest child leaves home.

false

Post-traumatic stress disorder:

may occur months or years after a traumatic experience.

According to Erik Erikson, _____ is the stage of intimacy versus isolation.

young adulthood

The humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers defined the __________ as the center of experience.

self

The __________ is a part of the limbic system involved in discriminating emotions, including fear.

amygdala

A feature of crystallized intelligence is that it does not increase throughout the life span.

false

The cessation of menstruation is called _________.

menopause

Behaviors or mental processes are suggestive of psychological disorders when they meet some combination of the following criteria. Which of the following is not one of the criteria?

They are unusual, but effective.

Observational learning is one of the foundations of __________.

social cognitive theory

Karen Horney believed Freud placed too much emphasis on sex; spoke of psychosocial development, not psychosexual development; labeled stages of development according to traits, not erogenous zones; and argued that ego identity, not genital sexuality, was the key goal of adolescence.

False

The behaviorists Watson and Skinner emphasized the notions of personal freedom, choice, and self-direction.

False

The most well-adjusted immigrants are those who abandon the language and customs of their country of origin and become like members of the dominant culture in their new host country.

False

Which of the following is true of Carl Jung's psychodynamic theory—analytical psychology?

It emphasizes the collective unconscious and archetypes.

According to Freud, which of the following is true of the ego?

It begins to develop during the first year of life.

In the context of the origins of dissociative disorders, both psychodynamic and learning theories suggest that:

dissociative disorders help people keep disturbing memories or ideas out of mind.

Harry is least interested in music. He tells his friends that playing a musical instrument is a waste of time. However, on several occasions, Harry's friends have noticed that he plays the guitar like a professional. When his friends question him on such occasions, Harry replies, "I am Joe and playing the guitar is my passion." In this scenario, Harry exhibits _______.

dissociative identity disorder

Ainsworth and her colleagues identified three major types of attachment: secure attachment, avoidant attachment, and ambiguous/resistant attachment.

false

Unlike the psychodynamic theory, the humanistic-existential perspective emphasizes __________.

self-awareness

During the embryonic stage of prenatal development, the ________.

sex organs start to differentiate

In __________, mental processes such as thoughts, emotions, memory, consciousness, even knowledge of one's own identity—the processes that make a person feel whole—may seem to be split off from one another.

the dissociative disorders

If you are reading this academic text, you are most likely in the emerging adulthood period of development. Emerging adulthood means roughly spanning the ages of 18 to 25, during which many young people attend college and graduate school, sort out identity issues, and create life plans.

true

Erik Erikson is credited with developing the psychosexual stages of development.

False

The __________ is the final stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

formal operational stage

Kim has a poor appetite and has lost a severe amount of weight in the past few months. She is unable to concentrate or make decisions. She no longer wants to live and wishes to die. Psychologists are most likely to diagnose Kim with __________.

major depressive disorder

Which of the following is a focus of Erikson's theory of personality and development?

social relationships

It's normal for adolescents to see themselves as the center of attention and assume that other people are also preoccupied with their appearance and behavior. This is termed an imaginary audience.

true

Newborn children do not know that it is necessary to eat to survive. They turn their head toward stimuli that prod or stroke the cheek, chin, or corner of the mouth. This is termed rooting.

true

Erikson labeled the first stage of psychosocial development in his theory of personality development as the stage of __________.

trust versus mistrust

Which of the following is a shortcoming of Freud's psychoanalytic theory?

Its clinical method of gathering evidence is suspect.

Some animals become attached to the first moving object they encounter. The formation of an attachment in this manner is therefore called __________.

imprinting

According to Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, which of the following is a characteristic of children in the stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt?

Children need to develop feelings of self-control over physical functions.

People with generalized anxiety disorder:

suffer from persistent anxiety that cannot be attributed to a phobic object, situation, or activity.