PSYC 251 - Test 1 - CH 7- 12

______________________ about femininity and masculinity develop through childhood and influence gender identity in adolescence. A) Gender schemas B) Sex schemas C) Gender goals D) Sexual goals

A) Gender schemas

_____________ is the part of the brain that contains neuronal cell bodies. A) Gray matter B) White matter C) The cerebellum D) The prefrontal cortex

A) Gray matter

____________ is(are) responsible for the speed of actions of neurons. A) Myelination B) Conduction C) Convection D) Action potentials

A) Myelination

____________ refers to a child's multidimensional understanding of one's own personality, attributes, abilities, and attitudes. A) Self-concept B) Self-esteem C) Self-awareness D) Self-other relatedness

A) Self-concept

Adolescent growth is __________________, which is why teens may perceive themselves and their peers as awkward looking. A) asynchronous B) synchronous C) standardized D) unstandardized

A) asynchronous

The ability to create groups of objects and sort them by similar properties is known as: A) classification. B) reversibility. C) conservation. D) seriation.

A) classification.

To reduce the negative impact parental divorce has on adolescents, _________________ is a new process that results in a divorce while helping parents limit conflict and focus on positive solutions. A) collaborative divorce B) mediation C) court-ordered separation D) collaborative

A) collaborative divorce

Sibling rivalry tends to: A) decrease as adolescents become guides and mentors to younger siblings. B) increase as adolescents become guides and mentors to younger siblings. C) remain consistent from childhood through adulthood. D) fluctuate in adolescence as it does in childhood.

A) decrease as adolescents become guides and mentors to younger siblings.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual is used to __________________ psychiatric disorders. A) diagnose B) treat C) estimate the prevalence of D) describe

A) diagnose

Emerging adults (ages 18-29) use social networking sites to build and maintain their social support systems at a rate that is ________________ the rate among young adults (ages 30-49). A) higher than B) lower than C) the same as D) double

A) higher than

Onset of puberty is initiated by a chemical process, specifically activated by: A) hormones. B) sleep. C) weight. D) nutrition.

A) hormones.

When 14-year-old Samantha is certain that the texts students are reading before class are about her having a "bad hair day," she is assuming there is a(n): A) imaginary audience. B) personal audience. C) personal fable. D) "good hair day".

A) imaginary audience.

Passion, defined as _____________________, is one element of consummate love. A) lust, physical attraction, and sexual desire B) sharing values, feelings, and beliefs C) investment in exclusivity and a shared future D) none of the choices

A) lust, physical attraction, and sexual desire

Popular children receive: A) many positive votes; few negative votes. B) few positive votes; few negative votes. C) many positive votes. D) few positive or negative votes.

A) many positive votes; few negative votes.

Developmental science research reveals that children raised by same-sex parents have ___________________ experiences and outcomes as children raised by opposite sex parents. A) the same type of B) different types of C) more positive D) more negative

A) the same type of

Health advantages in emerging adulthood and beyond are associated with: A) not being married. B) being married. C) delaying marriage. D) early marriage.

B) being married.

Self-efficacy, or __________________, is associated with mental health in emerging adulthood. A) personal responsibility B) belief in one's ability C) moral integrity D) self-awareness

B) belief in one's ability

Adolescents shape their own experiences through choosing to be members of a(n) _______________, a group of friends who share similar values and behaviors. A) crowd B) clique C) ethnic group D) none of the choices

B) clique

As marriage has become delayed and less common over the past 50 years, _________________ become more common in emerging adulthood. A) longer engagements have B) cohabitation has C) early parenthood has D) intergenerational living has

B) cohabitation has

The process of learning about one's abilities and characteristics by observing how they compare with those of others is known as social: A) compensation. B) comparison. C) selection. D) optimization.

B) comparison.

Faster communication between the left and right hemispheres is dependent on development of the: A) pons. B) corpus callosum. C) brain stem. D) prefrontal cortex.

B) corpus callosum.

James Marcia proposed that there are ____________ identity statuses rather than the two proposed by Erikson. A) three B) four C) five D) six

B) four

From the psychosocial perspective, a young adult who successfully achieved a sense of identity in adolescence and emerging adulthood is more likely to achieve _______________ in young adulthood A) integrity B) intimacy C) industry D) inferiority

B) intimacy

According to Perry, college students' thinking becomes: A) more black-and-white. B) less black-and-white. C) less consistent. D) more consistent.

B) less black-and-white.

With respect to mortality rates across later stages of adulthood, in emerging adulthood mortality is: A) low and decreasing. B) low and increasing. C) high and decreasing. D) high and increasing.

B) low and increasing.

Menarche describes the first: A) release of a fertile egg. B) menstrual period of a human female, signaling the beginning of puberty. C) time a girl begins her menstrual cycle within 28 to 32 days of the prior menstrual cycle. D) ovulation during which an egg is not fertilized.

B) menstrual period of a human female, signaling the beginning of puberty.

Elkind's concept of adolescent egocentrism refers to the adolescents' tendency to see themselves as: A) responsible for their own and others' behaviors. B) the center of the social world. C) cognitively capable but emotionally immature. D) they would like to be seen.

B) the center of the social world.

One way a parent can tell that his or her adolescent is beginning to develop formal operational thinking is by the appearance of _______________ thinking. A) informal B) formal C) abstract D) literal

C) abstract

Entry into young adulthood is marked by: A) turning 25. B) turning 30. C) commitments to adult roles and responsibilities. D) completion of the school-to-work transition.

C) commitments to adult roles and responsibilities.

Senescence refers to a gradual decline in: A) memory systems. B) cognitive systems. C) physical systems. D) neurological systems.

C) physical systems.

Adolescent ethnic identity is influenced by acculturation, the: A) extent to which family values are influenced by culture. B) extent to which an adolescent's values are the same as peers' values. C) process of a minority culture adopting the values of the majority culture. D) process of a majority culture adopting the values of the minority culture.

C) process of a minority culture adopting the values of the majority culture.

The process of assisting a less experienced individual through complex tasks by providing supports is known as: A) cognitive load B) ZPd C) scaffolding. D) teaching.

C) scaffolding.

During adolescence, gray matter decreases due to: A) dendritic proliferation. B) dendritic pruning. C) synaptic pruning. D) synaptic proliferation.

C) synaptic pruning.

Analytical, practical, and creative are all part of the: A) theory of multiple intelligence. B) theory of intelligence. C) triarchic theory of intelligence. D) Stanford-Binet theory of intelligence.

C) triarchic theory of intelligence.

A small group of adolescents belong to the _____________________ crowd, a small group of students who tend to set trends and dictate who is "in" and who is "out." A) "normals" B) "druggies/toughs" C) "nobodies" D) "populars"

D) "populars"

Over _____ of U.S. adolescents have at least one sibling. A) 10% B) 25% C) 50% D) 75%

D) 75%

By age 30, approximately what percentage of young adults are financially independent? A) 25% B) 50% C) 75% D) 90%

D) 90%

An emerging adult who is trusting, lenient, soft-hearted, and good-natured scores high on the _____________ dimension of the Big Five. A) openness B) conscientiousness C) extroversion D) agreeableness

D) agreeableness

According to peer reports, securely attached adolescents are: A) less anxious. B) more prosocial. C) resilient. D) all of the choices

D) all of the choices

In adolescence, the relationship adolescents have with their parents changes with respect to: A) the affective quality of their relationship. B) attachment. C) the balance of power. D) all of the choices

D) all of the choices

Children whose parents are disengaged in middle childhood are more likely to be more: A) irresponsible. B) immature. C) less socially skilled. D) all of the choices.

D) all of the choices.

During adolescence, muscles generally become: A) stronger. B) longer. C) more flexible. D) all of the choices.

D) all of the choices.

Parent education programs benefit adolescents by teaching parents: A) the value of teens having a healthy relationship with each parent. B) to limit the amount of conflict and stress to which teens are exposed. C) how to coparent effectively. D) all of the choices.

D) all of the choices.

Puberty is a hormonal process that results in: A) reproductive competence. B) general physical development. C) maturation of the reproductive system. D) all of the choices.

D) all of the choices.

Dating violence in adolescence is characterized by: A) physical assault. B) psychological abuse. C) sexual violence. D) any of the choices

D) any of the choices

Reproductive health is determined by the: A) availability of free health care for medical treatment related to conception and childbirth. B) freedom to conceive and terminate pregnancies without social judgment. C) freedom to conceive and terminate pregnancies without legal restriction. D) capability to reproduce and the freedom to decide if, when, and how often to do so.

D) capability to reproduce and the freedom to decide if, when, and how often to do so.

Loss of gray matter in the brain through the 20s indicates: A) decreased functioning the temporal lobe. B) decreased functioning in the parietal lobe. C) continued maturation in the occipital lobe. D) continued maturation in the frontal lobe.

D) continued maturation in the frontal lobe.

Vitality refers to the capacity to: A) prevent disease. B) recover from disease. C) die. D) live.

D) live.

In emerging adulthood, two "modifiable health risk behaviors" that need to be decreased to improve health involve the reduction of: A) psychiatric disorder and emotional problems. B) suicide and homicide. C) unintentional and intentional injury. D) tobacco use and excessive alcohol consumption.

D) tobacco use and excessive alcohol consumption.

Taking a life course health approach is valuable because it allows us to view emerging adult health in the context of: A) childhood and adolescence. B) adulthood. C) the entire life course. D) the transition to adulthood.

Not D