Psyc 260 Test 1 Practice Questions

Schemas are mental structures that help organize our world, and fill in gaps in our knowledge. With no schemas the world would be a very confusing place, as one would have to approach each situation as if they were encountering it for the first time. Sadly, for people who suffer from this neurological disorder, ________________, this is a reality.

Korsakov's Syndrome

Daniel was walking down Franklin Street in Chapel Hill and noticed a woman wearing a hijab and long skirt. He decided that she must be from the Middle East, even though he didn't actually know anything about her. Daniel's assumption was due to what phenomenon? A) Representative Heuristic B) Base Rate Information

A

Michael spotted Jannet from across the room. She sat alone in the corner staring at her phone, her black hair matching the rest of her wardrobe. Michael was scared to introduce himself, as he was certain that she and he would have nothing in common, as he was the starting quarterback on the Varsity football team, and she was a loner goth chick. Eventually, he worked up the courage to walk over and say hello, and to his surprise, she smiled back at him with the brightest smile he had ever seen. As it turned out, she had been watching highlights from the Panther's game the night before. She's the reigning champion in her 22-man fantasy league, and she's determined to make it a 3peat. Michael's misinterpretation of her personality based on her outward appearance was due to what social perception term? A. correspondence bias B. perceptual salience C. two-step process of attribution D. self serving attributions

A

During her freshmen year of high school, Ann tried out for the soccer team. Her ultimate goal was to make the varsity team but she made junior varsity. She worked hard to try to get called up to the varsity team but failed. During her sophomore year, she tried out again. Yet again, she failed to make the varsity team. During her junior year, she tried out again. Yet again, she failed to make the varsity team. After all the setbacks, Ann thought that she didn't have what it took to make the varsity team. However, she was nurtured to never give up and thus, she worked hard to achieve her long-term goal of making the varsity soccer team. During her senior year, she tried out one last time. After all of her hard work, she finally achieved her goal and made the varsity soccer team. What type of mindset did Ann have? A) The Fixed Mindset B) The Growth Mindset C) The Envy Mindset D) The Short-Term Mindset

B

If your new friend, who you get along exceptionally well with, believes that the movie "Inception" is the best, upon watching it, you will also most likely enjoy it due to: A.) social comparison theory B.) social tuning C.) social optimism D.) impression management

B

Silvia woke up on Monday at 4am, walked 3 miles to work, worked from 5am to 12pm, walked 3 miles to class, attended classes form 1pm to 5pm, and then stayed in office hours to finish an assignment from 5;30pm to 9pm. Upon leaving the office hours and being reminded that she has to write a paper by 9am the next morning, Silvia began to cry uncontrollably. After crying, she then tried to figure out why she began to cry out of no where. The process that Silvia just underwent is commonly termed as ... a. Misattribution of Arousal b. The Two-Factor Theory of Emotion c. growth mindset d. fixed mindset

B

Which theory is most associated with Fritz Heider's attribution theory? a. causal theory b. self-perception theory c. self-awareness theory d. none of the above

B

John is performing an experiment that is testing whether children who play video games are more aggressive than children who do not play video games. In preparation for his experiment, he thoroughly interviews potential participants and eliminates those who watch violent movies, read violent books, or play aggressive sports. This is most likely to ensure _________ of his results. A. External Validity B. Internal Validity C. Replications D. Control

B. Internal Validity

One night, at the dinner table, Susan's parents ask her how she's doing in school. She explains she is struggling in a few of her classes. When her parents ask her about her study habits, Susan can't recall the last time she really sat down to study and admits she could improve. What social phenomenon is occurring as Susan attempts to recall upon her study habits and makes a decision based on that recalled information? A. Schemas B. Judgemental heuristics C. Availability heuristics D. Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

C

Which of the following demonstrates the two-factor theory of emotion? A) Marissa spots her crush and thinks, "Oh my gosh, I am so nervous to see him," and then begins to sweat and blush. B) Thomas finds himself sweating and with a stomach ache and doesn't know the reason for it. C) Lauren sees a snake slither past her. Consequently, her heart beats faster, her breath quickens, and she is sweating. She then knows that she's feeling fear.

C

Sarah gave her little brother $.75 to play the claw machine game at an arcade. Eric's first two attempts were clear misses. However, on his last attempt, the claw grabbed the stuffed bear he wanted and lifted it towards him, only to release it at the very last second. Eric was devastated and couldn't stop bemoaning his loss on the way home. The bear was so close! Eric is engaging in _______________.

Counterfactual thinking

Mary is teaching a high school psychology class. At the start of every class, she asks her students to take out an index card and write down a question about the material. Every student who hands in an index card gets 1 point regardless of what is written on the index card. Mary is considering changing this index card assignment to reward students for posting more thoughtful questions. This is an example of Mary changing the index card assignment from _________ to ___________. A. Intrinsic Motivation, Extrinsic Motivation B. Fixed Mindset, Growth Mindset C. Performance-Contingent Rewards, Task-Contingent Rewards D. Task-Contingent Rewards, Performance Contingent Rewards

D

Mark is driving home from work. While driving, he notices that a car crash take place three cars behind him. Once he gets home, he considers how lucky he is that he did not leave work a few seconds later and how if he had, the car might have crashed into him. This example best fits the definition of: A. Overconfidence Barrier B. Automatic Thinking C. Controlled Thinking D. Counterfactual Thinking

D.

Mr. Wilson frantically calls 911 to report his wife's suicide. The police officers are the first to arrive on the scene and they see suicide note of Mrs. Wilson and the gun she had used to kill herself and are ready to close the case. However, crime scene detective Mr. Anderson sees the tipped over frames and the bruises on her body signifying a struggle. He looks further to see letters written by her that have different handwriting. These details lead them to reopen the case as a homicide. In this case is analytic or holistic thinking style more beneficial? Which men exhibited that style? A. Analytic thinking style; Police Officers B. Holistic thinking style; Police Officers C. Analytic thinking style; Mr. Anderson D. Holistic thinking style; Mr.Anderson

D.

A recent survey sent out to women of all backgrounds across the United states showed a positive correlation between playing on sports teams and successful careers as female executives. Further investigation led researchers to conclude women on sports teams often exhibit greater determination, stronger work ethic, and better ability to work as a team and thus make better leaders in the workforce. John and Jill both read this study and John was surprised by the findings. Jill, on the other hand, a female herself, arrogantly said "Really? I could have told you that? They really needed to study that. It's so obvious!" In the example above what phenomenon in social psychology could be used to explain Jill's reaction to the findings of the study? Define this.

Jill is experiencing hindsight bias. They had little to no basis for such a prediction

Robert Roesnthal and Lenore Jacobson's social psychology study, in which teachers were told that students who had scored well were sure to "bloom" academically, is a prime example of what psychological tendency? How?

Self-fulfilling prophecy - The "bloomers" were randomly chosen and so they were no more likely to perform any better than those who were not randomly selected. Thus, the study was able to see whether the expectation of teachers in particular students (the bloomers) would affect their performance. As a result, "the teachers' expectations had become a reality." Those who were chosen as "bloomers" exhibited great improvement in their IQ scores compared to the others who were not selected as "bloomers." The belief by the teachers that the "bloomers" would perform well influenced how they acted towards them and so the "bloomers" behaved consistently with the teachers' expectations

This theory, not unlike the attribution theory, describes how people use attributional principles to infer their own attitudes and feelings.

Self-perception theory

Describe the self-awareness theory.

The idea that when people focus their attention on themselves, they evaluate and compare their behavior to their internal standards and values.

To encode is to _________ or ______ nonverbal behavior, such as smiling or patting someone on the back.

express, emit

People are likely to make an external attribution if people are _________ in consensus, ____________ in distinctiveness, and __________ in consistency.

high, high, high

Susan lives in Texas and is stuck in traffic. After 30 minutes of being completely stopped, she begins to honk her horn aggressively. The person in the car to her left thinks it is because she is impatient. This would be an example of _______________. The person in the car to the left believes she may poor communications skills. This would be an example of _________________.

internal attribution, external attribution

John Boheman grew up going to church and spending a lot of time with his family in the south. After he moved to the west coast to California to begin his undergraduate education he found himself going to church less, not calling home as often, and drinking more frequently. Now, John doesn't want to be pictured, avoids mirrors, and binge drinks. It is likely John is experiencing ______________.

negative self awareness

Using emojis in texts is a more modern example of _______.

nonverbal correlation

Survey researchers make sure to use a ______ ________ of people from the population as a whole in order to give every member of the population an equal chance of being chosen as part of a sample that is representative of the population.

random selection

Parents have debated over the idea of "participation trophies" in sports for years. If every child is given a trophy at the end of the soccer season simply for showing up to the games, this is called a _________________. This type of reward allows each child to feel good about themselves, however since it did not require skill to garner, it may decrease the motivation for the children to improve. Conversely, if only the kid who scored the most goals, or the fastest dribbler gets an award at the end of the season, this is called a ____________. While this award may exclude some, the recipient and the rest of the team may experience increased interest in improving at soccer in order to maintain, or get the award next season.

task-contingent reward/performance-contingent reward