PSYC 305 cengage practice quizzes ch 1-3

Research (e.g., Diener & Seligman, 2004) suggests a ______________ relationship between income and happiness.

weak positive

______________ research methods allow researchers to investigate topics and research questions that would be impossible with __________________ approaches.

Correlational; experimental

Given the nature of the experimental method, any differences observed in the _________________ must be due to the _________________.

dependent variable; manipulation of the independent variable

Suppose you are interested in the relationship between the number of Facebook friends people have and the number of close, intimate real-life friendships they report. You hypothesize a strong negative correlation between the variables. Which of the following correlation coefficients would be the best supporting evidence for your prediction?

-0.59 (the closer to 1= stringer relationship)

Imagine you have a professor who tells you about a correlational study he read. It reported that the total number of hours studying at the end of the semester is positively correlated with the total number of points earned for the course. Based on this information, which of the following conclusions would be safest to make?

As the number of hours studied increase, the total number of points earned should increase.

Which of the following statements BEST reflects the nature of scientific psychology?

Conclusions are based on systematic observation.

Which of the following research findings provides the STRONGEST evidence against cramming for tests?

Distributed practice leads to better memory than massed practice.

__________ is the premise that knowledge should be acquired through ________.

Empiricism; observation

Which of the following was NOT suggested as an example of the paradox of progress?

Employers now expect college degrees for occupations that what were once considered entry-level.

Which of the following statements regarding the advantages and disadvantages of experimental research is LEAST accurate?

Participants in experiments can choose either the experimental or control group

Which of the following has been shown, in the literature, to be very important to subjective well-being?

personality

Imagine that you conducted a follow-up study to Schachter's (1959) work on the need for affiliation among female college students. You decide to include both male and female college students in your pilot study. Suppose that after assigning participants to the experimental groups you found that all your male participants were put in the high-anxiety group, and females into the low-anxiety group. Which of the following considerations is MOST important when you do conduct your experiment?

Participants in the experimental and control groups should be as similar in all important aspects as possible.

The authors of your textbook discuss individual differences in happiness. Despite the several factors that are important to happiness, self-reported well-being can vary widely among people. Which of the following statements BEST accounts for this phenomenon?

People evaluate their subjective realities relative to those around them.

Which of the following best summarizes the textbook authors' suggestion for how to reward your studying behavior?

Reward yourself with a tangible payoff after you finish your study session.

The textbook authors characterize most self-realization programs as harmless scams. Which of the following is MOST consistent with the authors' evaluation of these programs?

Self-realization programs give participants an illusory sense of purpose.

Suppose you found out that some of your psychology classmates are "Internet famous," with thousands of Instagram, Snapchat, and Twitter followers. Based on the paradox of progress, what would you expect?

They did not feel any happier or more socially connected as their followers increased.

_________ refers to the psychological processes through which people manage or cope with the demands and challenges of everyday life.

adjustment

The authors explain that the concept of adjustment was originally modeled after the ________ concept of ________.

biological; adaptation

___________________ is the branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders.

clinical psychology

One explanation for the small correlation between wealth and happiness may lie in people's tendency to ____________________.

compare themselves to others

Time management experts report that people tend to work on _______ tasks first and put off tasks that are ______________.

easier; more harder

Which of the following does NOT belong with the other three?

experiment

The authors discuss note taking using a laptop versus taking notes by hand. They cite research by Mueller and Oppenheimer (2014) that showed lower test scores for students who took notes exclusively by laptop. This finding most likely occurred because __________.

laptop note takers are less likely to put lectures into their own words

One quick strategy people can use to find out if self-help books are based on published research is to

look for references at the end of chapters or at the end of the text.

The authors of your textbook highlighted various factors believed to have an impact on happiness. The empirical literature they covered reveals that _______ has little association with happiness, but __________ has been shown to have a much stronger linkage with subjective well-being.

money; work

Despite the growing body of research on the determinants of happiness, people should be cautious because ________________.

most of the data are correlational

The authors suggest that even when the advice dispensed has been scientifically validated, consumers should be careful with self-help books because

publishers sometimes include unreasonable promises to drive book sales.

The paradox of progress suggests that despite the countless time-saving devices we have at our disposal, most of us _____________________.

still lead hurried and rushed lives

Research on multitasking (e.g., Chew, 2014) indicates _____________________.

students greatly overestimate their ability to multitask effectively