psyc 320 unit 1

which of the following is a good example of a cognitive response?

"i completely disagree with that argument"

which of the following will likely increase the rate of compliance the most?

a basic request involving a reason

how much overt pressure is involved in an obedience attempt?

a lot

which of the following is an example of obedience?

a manager tells an employee to stay late at work to finish a task

drivers who believe traffic lights are always red when they are running late are likely falling victim to

an illusory correlation

automatically knowing where to look for something when we encounter a familiar situation best demonstrates how schemas influence

attention

stereotyping is a type of

automatic thinking

our tendency to judge the likelihood of an event on the basis of how readily we can recall instances of its happening is called

availability heuristic

salience:___________; ease of imagination: _______________

availability heuristic; simulation heuristic

the effect of schemas on _____ was evidenced in the North et al. (1999) study on music and wine purchases. when shoppers heard French music they bought ______ French wine

behavior; more

which of the following is true concerning compliance and conformity?

both conformity and compliance can involve behavior change

"I dislike fish and chips because the only time I ate it I had a terrible headache" is an attitude formed by

conditioning

searching for evidence that supports your point of view and neglecting opposing viewpoints is known as

confirmation bias

when things are ambiguous, we tend to interpret the information in a manner that is ________ with our schema

consistent

Mark and Chris watched a football game between Miami and Chicago. Mark, a Miami fan, thought the referees were biased against Miami. Chris, a Chicago fan, thought the referees were biased against Chicago. The ________ process for Mark and Chris was very different.

construal

the digital transmission of misinformation is the result of a larger number of people doing which of the following?

consuming inaccurate information on the internet

which of the following is an example of controlled thinking?

deciding what to throw out of your apartment

which of the following is not a self-persuasion approach?

message-learning approach

in the study by Claudia Cohen (1981), participants who were informed that the person in the video was a waitress recalled _____ information that was ______ with the waitress stereotype

more; consistent

interviewers who were informed that they would be interviewing an introvert were _______ likely to ask questions that focused on _______. this suggests that the interviewers were exhibiting ________

more; introversion; confirmation bias

which of the following is a dispositional variable affecting motivation to process a message?

need for cognition

according to the Cognitive Response Approach, which of the following is most likely to produce an attitude change?

positive thoughts in response to the message

when first presented with the word "blue," participants are generally quicker to respond to words such as "sky" or "ocean" rather than "tomato" or "grass". this faster response time is the result of

priming

schemas help guide ______ because we process _______ amounts of information

priming, unlimited

what is the effect of writing down an initial answer before meeting the group?

prior commitment to a response decreases conformity to a different response

response privacy has demonstrated that when responses are made privately, which of the following is true?

public responses are more likely to be conforming

stereotyping is the result of over employing the ________ to assess and make judgments about people

representativeness heuristics

which of the following is accurate concerning forewarning of intent to influence?

resistance is stronger on issues of importance to be the message recipient

a new fitness center is advertising discounted memberships for the first 25 customers who sign up. this is an example of which of the following compliance-gaining strategies?

scarcity

"kai has a strong sense of empathy and is constantly focused on engaging the community." which skill does this statement best describe?

service orientation

decisions that are guided by the ease of imagining an outcome are driven by the

simulation heuristic

Among the themes of social psychology is that human behavior is influenced by _______ influences.

situational

distraction is a ______ variable that affects ______ to process a message.

situational; ability

personal relevance is a ______ variable that affects ________ to process a message

situational; motivation

when one is using the peripheral route to persuasion, which of the following is true?

source expertise influences attitudes more than argument quality

which of the following statements is true concerning the ability of attitudes to predict behavior?

stronger attitudes are more predictive of behavior than weaker attitudes

schemas help provide _____. without schemas, most information may appear ______.

structure; unrelated

in milgram's study, why would the teacher obey the experimenter and not the learners asking to be set free?

the experimenters supposed authority made their demands seem legitimate

which of the following is true of the findings of the study by Paul Eastwick and Wendi Gardner on social influence in the virtual world?

the foot-in-door technique produced more agreement than did the control condition

which of the following makes conformity more likely to occur?

the group is unanimous

your favorite star basketball player has made four three-pointers in a row. the coach decides to give him a short break. the fans are incensed because "he's on fire" and they want the team to win. you appreciate the coach's reason to rest the player and most importantly you understand

the representativeness heuristic

advertisements on webpages can sometimes look like editorials. this can pose a problem because

the true source of an advertisement can be hidden

if the audience is forewarned of persuasive intent, what will likely happen?

they probably will be less persuaded by the message

proponents of the CRA maintain that

thoughts in response to the message

because user experience design focuses on the user's expectations of how apps generally work, it relies on a person's

top-down processing

what do you need to do to develop your attitude toward the use of mass transit through direct experience?

try out the subway and bus system and try driving your own car to work

when we imagine a better outcome than the current situation, we are engaging in a ______. on the other hand, when we imagine a worse outcome than the current situation, we are engaging in a __________

upward counterfactual; downward counterfactual

you notice a new fast-food restaurant called "'Sandwich Queen" has opened in your neighborhood. when you enter the restaurant for the first time, which of the following behaviors would your schema of fast-food restaurants guide you toward?

walk up to the counter

which of the following is an example of automatic thinking?

walking to your favorite spot in the classroom while chatting with a friend

which of the following is true of the process of compliance?

we often agree to a request in a mindless manner

deciding the probability that a person has a 50% chance of being an engineer from a room of 80 engineers and 20 lawyers is evidence of

base rate neglect

our insensitivity or unwillingness to use statistical probabilities during decision-making is known as

base rate neglect

the process for getting information into memory is known as

encoding

which of the following choices accurately describes attitudes?

enduring

which of the following is a standard way in which dissonance is created?

engaging in counterattitudinal behavior

which of the following would be a situational influence on eating behavior?

everyone else present is eating

social influence is not prevalent in the virtual world

false

which of the following is a way to reduce cognitive dissonance?

find explanations to justify your behavior

which of the following is an example of top-down processing in action?

getting the gist of a story without reading the entire book

which of these is a good definition of obedience?

giving it to demand

which of the following is an example of bottom-up processing?

hearing the sound of your alarm clock

_________: a mental shortcut that serves as a rule of thumb to guide decision-making

heuristic

when perceived local temperature variations are ______ than the average temperature survey, participants are _______ likely to show concern for global climate change

higher; more

which of the following is NOT a topic studied by social psychology?

how antidepressants work in the brain to reduce symptoms of depression and make people feel better

which of the following is an example of the affect component of an attitude?

i feel happy when i am with Aiyana

understanding user schemas can ________, making it easier to learn the special features of a smartphone app

improve usability

which of the following is good definition of social loafing?

individuals sometimes work harder alone than they do in groups

an attitude formed through direct experience involves which of the following?

information that comes in through your senses

which of the following concepts is at the root of all experiences of dissonance?

insufficient justification

when information is ambiguous, schemas help guide

interpretation

which of the following is true of social influence?

it is a common occurrence for all people

Science is a better way of knowing than other means such as anecdotal experience because of which of the following?

Science has a built-in mechanism for determining if something is true

which of the following people is most likely to use the peripheral route when thinking about an advertisement for a car?

a person who thinks, "i love everything about cars. this one looks cool."

which of the following is an example of adding consonant cognitions?

a politician that you voted for supports a bill you oppose, but you decide that this bill is a minor issue

which of the following words best describes what happens when someone is obedient?

acquiesce

which of the following is a good definition of compliance?

agreeing to a request

differing construals are more likely to occur when the information presented is

ambiguous

which of the following could serve as a peripheral cue?

an attractive source

which of the following words best describe an attitude?

an evaluation

in which of the following situations would dissonance be aroused?

an honest son lying to his parents

which of the following appears to be a factor influencing obedience?

authority

the CRA is an example of an approach emphasizing which of the following ideas

basically we persuade ourselves

Sally loves her sports car because it is so much fun to drive, but it is really expensive to maintain and insure. which of the following is true?

because sally does not have consistent ABCs, her attitude might not predict which car she buys next

which of the following is an example of reciprocity trigger compliance?

buying a product after receiving a free sample in the grocery store

which of the following is an example of reciprocity triggering compliance?

buying a product after receiving a free sample in the grocery store

which of the following is an example of scarcity triggering compliance?

buying a product because the commercial said its only available for a limited timed

Chantelle thinks John Legend is the best singer in the world and no one can convince them otherwise. Their attitude was probably formed through the ______ route

central

all else being equal, a person who likes to think and do puzzles and word games is more likely to use the _____ route

central

"Ford automobiles have a 96% reliability rating" is an example of which of the following?

cognition

ben asks his good friend david to drive him to the airport. david agrees to take him. ben then asks david if he can also make some stops along the way so he can pick up a few things for his trip. david says yes. this is an example of which of the following compliance principles?

commitment-and-consistency

the foot-in-door effect relies on which principle of compliance-gaining?

commitment-and-consistency

obedience involves more overt pressure than which of the following forms of social influence

compliance

which of the following is a strategy for evaluating the truth of a statement?

does the story have a credible source?

Which of the following is a different in advertising from the pre-digital versus digital era?

it is more difficult to distinguish a digital ad from content than it is to distinguish a traditional ad from content

Abebe has lived in many apartment buildings and now, after living in his current apartment building for three years, he really likes living there. Knowing this, which of the following is most likely to be true?

it would be difficult to persuade Abebe to move to a different apartment building

developing attitudes by watching television ads is an example of attitudes formed through which process?

learning

First-year students in college typically gain weight because they are too busy to exercise. Being too busy to exercise is the _______ by which being in college leads to weight gain.

mechanism

which of the following is most likely to change people's health behaviors

news stories report information on the social norms that most other people are following

according to the message-learning approach, which of the following elements is important for attitude change?

message

which of the following paths is an accurate representation of how research on attitude change evolved?

mla-->cra-->elm

attitudes formed through the central route are ________ than attitudes formed through the peripheral route

more persistent

which of the following is true of the findings of milgram's research on obedience?

more than half the teachers gave the highest level of shock

which of the following terms is used to describe the scientific method?

objective

during the 2020 covid-19 pandemic, many people exhibited reactance in response to mask mandates and lockdowns. which of the following statements describes reactance in this situation?

people resisted wearing masks because they felt heavy-handed social pressure to do so

though Imani says they like vanilla ice cream, they always eat chocolate. their attitude toward ice cream was more likely formed through the _______ route

peripheral

the door-in-face effect relies on which principle of compliance-gaining?

reciprocity

which of the following is true of the consequences of informational conformity, as opposed to normative conformity?

private acceptance of the position usually follows informational conformity

a volunteer asks madison for a $100 charity; madison declines. the volunteer then offers a free t-shirt in exchange for a donation; Madison agrees to give the money. this is an example of which of the following compliance principles?

reciprocity

which of the following statements is true regarding resistance skills?

resistance skills exist and have been found to be effective

which of the following is true of the relationship between social norms and resistance to influence?

social norms can promote influence or resistance to influlence

"social psychology is the study of how our behaviors are influenced by the presence of others around us." what is NOT missing from this definition?

social psychologists mostly study abnormal or unusual behavior

which of the following describes the experience of teachers in milgram's obedience research?

teachers were stressed and dismayed at having to give high levels of shock

according to the message learning approach, which of the following factors is important in persuasion?

the message must be easy to understand

according to the message-learning approach, which of the following statements is true?

the more arguments learned, the more persuasion will result

in which of the following conditions is normative conformity more likely than informational conformity?

the task is easy

the results of milgram's follow-up studies showed obedience is reduced when

the teacher sees other teachers being disobedient

which of the following is a consequence of strong attitudes?

they can resist counterattacks

which of the following is a characteristic of strong attitudes?

they come to mind easily

which of the following statements is true regarding written and video messages?

video presentation is better for easier messages

Changing your behavior after reading a post on social media is an example of the ________ influence of others.

virtual

descriptive norms convey information about

what people actually do

injunctive norms convey information about

what people ought to do

the MLA will not accurately predict attitude change in which of the following situations?

when the arguments used in a message are unconvincing

which of the following is the best description of social comparison?

when unsure, we look to similar others for information

in order to use the central route to persuasion, a person must be which of the following?

willing

which of the following is an example of commitment-and-consistency triggering compliance?

you choose not to order dessert because you told everyone you were on a diet