PSYC 349 CH 1-8

All of the following are significant changes in peer groups that occur during adolescence, except:

A decrease in the size of their peer groups

Across all of the identity development frameworks, what is a common factor related to healthy development?

A period of experimentation and exploration before finalizing choices

Dave knows that kids who drink and drive sometimes get killed, but he believes that he is somehow immune to having such a terrible thing happen to him. Dave's belief is an example of:

A personal fable

Dating among adolescents today is largely a:

A recreational activity

The world is arguably a more stressful place to grow up in now than it was in the past for all of the following reasons, except which one?

Adolescents are now more susceptible to their peers than were other generations

Some of the most important areas affecting adolescent development are outside the adolescent's home, including________.

All of these Extracurricular activities the internet jobs and leisure time

Which of the following is not associated with disordered eating in the United States?

All of these are associated with the disordered eating. 1.poor interpersonal relationships 2. Depression 3. Alcohol and tobacco use

Which of the following affect the onset of puberty?

All of these are correct 1.genetics 2.number of fat cells 3.amount of light exposure

Which of the following is a feature of adolescent development?

All of these are features The onset of puberty The emergence of more advanced thinking The transition into new societal roles

Which of the following is a legitimate stage of adolescence?

All of these are legitimate stages Early Middle Late

According to the Family Systems Model, financial strain increases mothers' and fathers'______, which, in turn, make parents more irritable, which adversely affects the quality of their parenting.

All of these are true 1.feelings of depression 2.dissatisfaction with their marriages 3. conflicts over money

The biological changes that take place during puberty can cause changes in adolescents' behavior in all of the following ways, except:

All of these are ways in which biological Changs occurring in puberty can cause changes in adolescents behavior. 1. Directly 2. By affecting the adolescents self-image 3.By affecting the reactions of others to the adolescent

Girls are more likely than boys to settle disagreements with friends by:

Apologizing

Optimal development during adolescence appears to be facilitated by the ________ style of parenting.

Authoritative

Which of the following is not one of the adolescent classifications in the Adult Attachment Interviews?

Avoidant

By the end of high school, crowds:

Become less important to adolescents

Which of the following girls would probably be least susceptible to feelings of body dissatisfaction due to the rapid increase in body fat in early adolescence?

Beth, a black adolescent girl

Dawn has always enjoyed school and excelled in her classes. In middle school, she has connected with a group of friends who also enjoy school and her grades have continued to improve. They often spend time studying together. This is an example of:

Both selection and socialization

Mitch organizes a party for about 20 of his classmates who are all interested in theater, and they all watch a tape of the musical The Phantom of the Opera. This group of teenagers, who don't always hang out together, but share common interests, would most appropriately be labeled:

Crowd

Tam is good at drawing conclusions from given information. Thus, Tam is good at _________ reasoning.

Deductive

For middle adolescents, the least important aspect of dating is:

Developing intimacy

The main challenge of adolescence, according to the ______ theory, is to develop better self-regulation so that the maturational imbalance of different brain systems does not result in problems.

Dual systems

Self-disclosure and loyalty become important dimensions of friendship in:

Early adolescence

Some researchers have described a new phase of life, developing in the early 20s, that is called ________adulthood.

Emerging

Current efforts aimed at encouraging healthy behaviors among adolescents involve all of the following, except:

Encouraging adolescents to sign contracts promising to abstain from unhealthy behaviors

A large, nationally representative sample of adolescents found that adolescents' friendship groups fell into one of four profiles. Which was the group that consisted of friends who were engaged in school, achieved decent grades, and neither abstained from nor abused alcohol?

Engaged

Which theorist stressed the psychosocial conflicts faced by individuals at specific points in time as a crisis of internal forces of biology and the demands of society?

Erik Erikson

Ethnic differences in parenting practices suggest that:

Even though authoritative parenting is less commonly used by ethnic minority families, its effects on adolescent development are beneficial in all ethnic groups

Sixteen-year-old Geneva believes that the death penalty is wrong because her parents, friends, and church say so. She has never really thought about the issue, but has accepted this view as her own. This pattern of following what her parents and peers say and do is pervasive throughout most of her beliefs and behaviors. Which identity state do you think Geneva is in?

Foreclosure

Who of the following is probably an adolescent (and not a child)?

Frank, who appraises his reading comprehension before starting the next chapter

The adolescent growth spurt:

Generally begins two years earlier for girls than for boys

Avram is considered a late-maturing boy. A year after pubertal onset, we would expect Avram to show all of the following advantages over his early-maturing peers, except:

Greater athletic ability

Sydney keeps asking herself, "Who am I?" and "What kind of life will I have?" The questions tell her parents she is trying to find a sense of _______ in her development.

Identity

Mei was an impulsive preschooler. It is likely that, as an adolescent, she will be:

Impulsive

All of the following are reasons that males have greater gains in strength than females during early adolescence, except:

Increased production of androgens among females

Which statement regarding increases in cognitive abilities is false?

Increases in cognitive abilities are due to growth in the size of the brain

According to the textbook, puberty involves all of the following except

Increases in intellectual functioning

Max tells his friends that his mother is a "real marshmallow" who does whatever he wants and who never enforces the rules she tries to set. If Max's statement is true, his mother is best characterized as:

Indulgent

Jake is 14 years old. He has become more interested in the aspects of friendships including openness, honesty, and loyalty rather than the sharing of activities and interests. This is a sign to Jake's parents that he has entered the developmental aspects of _______.

Intimacy

According to the textbook, research indicates which of the following is not a correlate of high self-esteem?

Involvement is many extracurricular activities

Carol, an eighth-grader, is facing a big dilemma and she needs advice. To whom is Carol likely to turn for this support?

It depends on the specific issue at hand

According to the textbook, having race as a central part of one's identity has the following impact(s) on adolescent development.

It may make adolescents more sensitive to discrimination and it may help them cope better with discrimination

Alice has high academic self-esteem, whereas Loriann has high physical appearance self-esteem. According to the textbook, who will probably have higher overall self-esteem?

Loriann

In comparison with teenagers in previous times, teenagers in contemporary societies spend ________ time with their peers ________ with their parents.

More; than

In general, which of the following relationships tends to be the closest?

Mother-daughter relationships

New technologies and social innovations have:

Not changed the fact that adolescents continue to need the love, support, and guidance of adults who care about them

Theorists who recognize both the importance of biological changes on adolescents and the ways in which contextual forces can interact and modify these biological forces are called _______ theorists.

Organismic

Rejection sensitivity is a term that psychologists use to describe:

Oversensitivity to romantic rejection that is related to an insecure attachment in infancy and early childhood

Ozzie in a 14-year-old teen who has grown taller and has now begun to have enough facial hair to start shaving. This is a sign that Ozzie has reached ______.

Puberty

Sarah is a popular teenage girl who has just been made captain of the cheerleading squad. She is very socially adept, and notices that Britney, her social rival, is starting to enjoy more attention from their peers than Sarah receives. Jealous, she decides to start a rumor about Britney that she knows will cause many people to stop liking Britney. Sarah's behavior is best described as an example of what?

Relational aggression

During adolescence, individuals' IQ scores _____, whereas their mental abilities _____.

Remain stable; increase

Matthew and Ryan both live in single-parent households. Matthew interacts with his grandparents every day, whereas Ryan has no contact with his extended family members. Who will be more likely to engage in adolescent misbehavior?

Ryan

In early adolescence, _____ friendships are most common, and in late adolescence, _____ friendships are common.

Same sex; opposite sex

Mary is having trouble understanding how to do a math problem. Her teacher asks her just the right question and Mary understands the problem. Vygotsky would refer to the structuring process used by the teacher to guide Mary's thinking as:

Scaffolding

Over the past century, the onset of puberty has been coming at an earlier age. This has been referred to as the:

Secular trend

Researchers have identified all of the following factors as critical components of the development of identity during adolescence, except:

Self-regulation

What emotional characteristic makes an individual more likely to engage in risky behaviors?

Sensation seeking

Amalia is most likely to be adversely affected by her parents' divorce if:

She blames herself for her parents problems

Adolescents develop the ability to think about social issues, a concept more generally referred to as:

Social cognition

Fourteen-year-old Fatimah, who has relatively low self-esteem and is relatively high in rejection sensitivity, is most likely to be upset with her best friend if the friend:

Spends more time with a new friend she has made

Studies that compare adolescents' working models of their relationships:

Suggest that an individuals beliefs and expectations about relationships are similar across different interpersonal domains

Which of the following is not a finding of social scientists regarding the effects of divorce on adolescents?

The adverse consequences of divorce for adolescents are directly linked to living in a single-parent household

Kikko strongly dislikes country music but told Keith, who is a big Garth Brooks fan and her latest love interest, that country music is her favorite and that she would love to go with him to see Garth in concert. This type of behavior is called:

The false-self

Which of the following statements about intelligence in adolescence is true?

The higher an individual's IQ, the smaller the number of same-aged peers who perform equally or better

Which of the following statements about the changes in information-processing abilities during adolescence is false?

There are advances in short-term but not long-term memory

Adolescents who have more complex self-conceptions are less likely:

To be depressed

Generally speaking, the parenting style that is associated with the healthiest identity development is:

Warm but not excessively constraining

When it comes to basic, core values (e.g., religion, work, education) diversity _________ is much more striking than are differences _________.

Within the adolescent population; between the generations

What generalization can you make about the nature of peer influence in adolescence?

it is unwise to generalize about the nature of peer influence; peers can exert both positive and negative influences

Over the course of adolescence, relationships among siblings become more egalitarian but _______ distant and _______ emotionally intense.

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