PSYC 380 Exam 3
"Intellectual disability" and "learning disability" are interchangeable terms that mean more or less the same thing. True/False
False
After a trauma, the most common psychological disorder to develop in post-traumatic stress disorder. True/False
False
When exposed to stress, people with Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) have distinct patterns of brain activity for each different "personality", but their physical stress response is the same. True/False
False
Gender includes elements of your identity, social role, and outward expression/performance of masculinity/femininity, each of which can align to anatomic sex or not to varying degrees. True/False
True
Kids with atypical neurodevelopment are at risk for abusing drugs, because their prefrontal cortex does not develop sufficiently to reduce their impulsive behaviors. True/False
True
A combat veteran says, "The therapist wants me to imagine scenes where I was in combat and imagine them like I was there. I don't want to do that! How can this possibly help me?" The BEST response is: a. "Sounds like your therapist is suggesting prolonged exposure, in particular a technique called flooding. It can be difficult but it really works for a lot of people." b. "That really can't help you. The best thing to do is suppress your fear, control it." c. "You should try drug therapy; that usually works, even without additional therapy." d. "Your therapist is suggesting something called virtual exposure, but no one knows if it helps."
a
A young boy's parents constantly tell him to "Be a man!" whenever he is in conflict with friends. In turn, his parents themselves often act aggressively toward each other and toward him. The theorist who would BEST be able to explain an adult diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder for this boy would be a _____ theorist. a. behavioral b. humanistic c. biological d. psychodynamic
a
According to the cognitive-behavioral view of schizophrenia, an early step in the "rational path to madness" is: a. telling others about the unusual sensations and being told that the experiences aren't real b. hiding the experience of unusual sensations from others for fear of being labeled as ill. c. seeking input from a trained therapist or medical physician. d. seeking ways to increase the frequency of the unusual experiences in an effort to "normalize" them.
a
Children with atypical neurodevelopment (e.g., on the autism spectrum) typically have _______ regional connectivity in the brain, but ________ cross-brain connectivity, than children with typical development. a. higher; lower b. higher; about the same level of c. lower; higher d. about the same level of; higher
a
During a manic episode, Angie tells her partner that she is getting a tattoo. Her partner tells her that they don't have extra money for a tattoo and explains that they need the money for food. Which response would be typical in this situation? a. Angie ignores her partner's request and gets a tattoo anyway. b. Angie pauses, thinks about the consequences of getting a new tattoo, and decides that it is a bad idea. c. Angie experiences a loss of self-esteem. d. Angie disagrees with her partner, feels frustrated, but ultimately spends the money on groceries.
a
Given the fact that we see greater impairment of non-regulatory reward systems in people with atypical neurodevelopment, which kinds of problems are more likely to occur in people with autism spectrum disorders? a. problems with novelty (e.g., attention problems) b. problems with survival instinct (e.g., suicidality) c. problems with sleep (e.g., insomnia) d. problems with appetite (e.g., eating disorders)
a
How do personality disorders differ from the personality characteristics of typical people? a. They lead to more maladaptive, distressful, and inflexible behaviors. b. They include personality traits not experienced by typical people. c. They are generally treated successfully with antipsychotic medication. d. They are caused by epigenetic processes.
a
In what way does Schema Therapy (ST) differ from traditional Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for personality disorders? a. All of these are differences between ST and CBT. b. Schema therapy is longer, and more intensive than CBT. c. Schema therapy focuses on lifelong patterns of thinking, feelings and behaving, and has longer-term goals than CBT. d. Schema therapy is more likely to use "therapist as tool" techniques, in which the therapist shares their own emotional reactions with the patient to start conversations about how the patient's behaviors impact others.
a
Match the form of long-term memory loss to the condition in which it is more often seen. Problems with memory retrieval (some memory trace, but cannot be accessed) a. dementia b. anterograde amnesia
a
Match the type of stress response that we would most typically see in adults who had different childhood environments. Low stress, safe childhood environment a. Sensitive stress response (relatively high activation in response to stressors in adulthood). b. Buffered stress response (relatively moderate activation in response to stressors in adulthood). c. Unemotional stress response (extremely low to no activation in response to stressors in adulthood).
a
Our brain changes shape and function response to experience, a phenomenon which is know as: a. neuroplasticity b. neurochangability c. neuroadaptation d. neurotransmission
a
People in Eastern cultures tend to respond to trauma with _________ emotional expressiveness than people in Western cultures. a. lower b. hgiher c. more prolonged d. more brief
a
People with avoidant personality disorder have difficulty ______ relationships, whereas people with dependent personality disorder have difficulty _________ relationships. a. initiating; ending b. ending; initiating c. ending; maintaining d. seeking; initiating
a
Prenatal exposure to which of the following is NOT thought to contribute to atypical neurodevelopment? a. SSRIs b. Maternal immune activation c. Nicotine d. Alcohol
a
Someone who gets eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy is getting a kind of: a. exposure therapy. b. group therapy. c. insight therapy. d. drug therapy.
a
The elderly have a _______ rate of psychotic symptoms compared with younger individuals, and the onset of schizophrenia is _______ among the elderly than among younger individuals. a. higher; less common b. lower; less common c. higher; more common d. lower; more common
a
The process of evaluating a person's progress after being in treatment is called a: a. clinical assessment. b. nomothetic approach. c. behavioral diagnosis. d. functional analysis.
a
The two MOST common treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder have been: a. cognitive-behavioral and drug therapies. b. group therapy and sociotherapy. c. cognitive-behavioral and group therapy. d. insight therapy and Gestalt therapy.
a
When it comes to receiving long-acting stimulant drug treatment for ADHD, which of these is NOT a major contributor to the differences between Black and non-Hispanic white Americans: a. differences in drug tolerance due to biological differences between races b. social bias c. stereotyping d. economic factors
a
________ is one of the strongest predictors of resilience to suicidality in people with gender dysphoria. a. Social support b. Access to gender-affirming surgeries c. Intelligence d. Pre-dysphoria beliefs about gender
a
_______________ is one of the strongest predictors of resilience to suicidality in people with gender dysphoria. a. Social support b. Access to gender-affirming surgeries c. Intelligence d. Pre-dysphoria beliefs about gender
a
A friend says, "If we could just eliminate combat traumas, we could eliminate a great deal of posttraumatic stress disorders." The BEST response is: a. "Not necessarily. Most researchers think that combat trauma is significantly overrated as a source of PTSD." b. "Yes. However, civilian trauma causes many more cases of PTSD than combat trauma does." c. "Yes. Combat trauma produces as many cases of PTSD worldwide as civilian trauma does." d. "Yes. In fact, combat trauma is the leading source of PTSD worldwide."
b
A pattern of anxiety, insomnia, depression, and flashbacks that begins shortly after a horrible event and persists for less than a month is called: a. posttraumatic stress disorder. b. acute stress disorder. c. generalized anxiety disorder. d. hysteria.
b
Based on research on the effectiveness of psychological debriefing in the aftermath of a disaster, which of these statements has the best evidence? a. Debriefing is so ineffective that it is no longer done. b. Debriefing can have a negative effect on some victims. c. Debriefing helps both rescuers and victims. d. Debriefing by victims is more effective than debriefing by professionals.
b
Can we diagnose an adult with AD/HD? a. No, symptoms in adults would be too different from those seen in kids. b. Yes, if there is significant evidence that the disorder started in childhood. c. No, if the patient was not diagnosed as a child they can't have it as an adult. d. Yes, if the symptoms are severe enough.
b
Critical incident stress debriefing is intended to take place: a. after a recovery period and continue long term. b. immediately after a trauma and continue short term. c. after a recovery period and continue short term. d. immediately after a trauma and continue long term.
b
Fear differs from anxiety in that: a. anxiety is an immediate response, whereas fear is more vague. b. fear is a response to a specific threat, whereas anxiety is more general. c. anxiety is more likely to lead to aggression than is fear. d. fear is a response to an inanimate threat, whereas anxiety is a response to an interpersonal threat.
b
In countries with longer winters, seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is more likely to present with ________ mood episodes. a. mixed b. manic c. depressed d. euthymic
b
Match the type of stress response that we would most typically see in adults who had different childhood environments. Moderately stressful childhood environment a. Sensitive stress response (relatively high activation in response to stressors in adulthood). b. Buffered stress response (relatively moderate activation in response to stressors in adulthood). c. Unemotional stress response (extremely low to no activation in response to stressors in adulthood).
b
Narcolepsy can occur as a result of lack of inhibition of random firing in the _________, the part of the brain that stimulates loss of consciousness during sleep. a. medulla b. reticular formation c. ventricles d. pontine body
b
One of the main reasons why disorders of the elderly are getting more attention from researchers and clinicians is that: a. more research funding has been directed toward investigating disorders affecting the elderly. b. people are living longer and the proportion of the population reaching old age has been increasing steadily. c. advances in neuroimaging technology has made it possible to study disorders that predominantly affect the elderly. d. a large percentage of researchers and clinicians are approaching old age.
b
The effects of taking hallucinogens accompanied by feeling that objects are changing size, that other people are distorted, and that one might be mechanical is MOST similar to: a. amnestic fugue b. depersonalization c. body dysmorphic disorder d. multiple personalities
b
What is the relationship between age and anxiety in the elderly? a. There is no relationship between age and anxiety disorders b. As age increases, the rate of anxiety disorders increases c. As age increases, the rate of anxiety disorders decreases d. As age increases, the rate of anxiety disorders increases and then decreases
b
When problem related to substance abuse is more typical among the elderly than other age groups? a. alcohol use disorder b. misuse of prescription drugs c. drinking in reaction to negative life events d. misuse of illicit drugs
b
Which of the following neurologic factors has NOT been implicated with problems with memory? a. Cortisol b. Testosterone c. Glutamate
b
Which of the following would NOT be considered a symptom of emotional avoidance following a trauma? a. Emotional numbing b. Going out of your way to avoid trauma reminders c. Dissociation d. Inability to trust others
b
A child has repeatedly engaged in shoplifting and in hitting neighborhood pets with rocks. The child frequently is aggressive and has engaged in an increasing number of fights. The MOST appropriate diagnosis for this child is: a. oppositional defiant disorder b. antisocial personality disorder c. conduct disorder d. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
c
Children with atypical neurodevelopment have significantly lower connectivity and activity in brain circuits related to _______. a. mathematic ability b. social reward c. attention to things they find interesting d. motor learning
c
Chronic exposure to _______ light at night can lead to cognitive deficits, sleep problems, and autonomic dysfunction (higher anxiety/stress). a. flashing/pulsing b. low c. blue color d. neon or florescent
c
Cyril is receiving weekly individual and group therapy for borderline personality disorder. He is learning to recognize when his emotions are inappropriate. He is receiving: a. traditional cognitive-behavioral therapy. b. Gestalt therapy. c. dialectical behavioral therapy. d. humanistic therapy.
c
Dementia is now classified as: a. neuroleptic disorder b. delirium disorder c. neurocognitive disorder d. Alzheimer's disease
c
Of the following disorders, psychotherapy plays a more central role in: a. bipolar I disorder b. bipolar II disorder c. cyclothymic disorder d. rapid cycling bipolar disorder
c
On an impulse, Jaxson decides to throw a huge party. It takes four days of round-the-clock work to get everything ready, and then Jaxson welcomes more than 200 guests. When the police stop by because Jaxson has blocked a public road to have room for the party, he flies into a rage. It is MOST likely that Jaxson is experiencing: a. a manic phase of cyclothymic disorder. b. hypomania. c. a manic phase of bipolar I disorder. d. a manic phase of bipolar II disorder.
c
Sylvie is 25, has an IQ of 60, and never did well at schoolwork. However, she now lives on her own, has a job, and is able to perform the routine chores of life. She would not be considered to have intellectual disability because: a. she is too old. b. her condition was not diagnosed before the age of 18. c. her daily functioning is adequate. d. her IQ is not low enough.
c
The contingency management approach is an example of the application of _______ to the treatment of depression. a. role playing b. activation c. reinforcement d. modeling
c
The strongest evidence for the cause of bipolar disorders BEST supports which theoretical perspective? a. Cognitive-behavioral b. Family-social c. Biological d. Humanistic
c
Those people MOST likely to develop stress disorders are: a. not anxious and think they can control negative things that happen to them. b. anxious and think they can control negative things that happen to them. c. anxious and think they cannot control negative things that happen to them. d. not anxious and think they cannot control negative things that happen to them.
c
Which is the MOST accurate description of the symptoms of mania? a. They are the same as the symptoms of depression (e.g., sadness) but accompanied by aggressiveness. b. They very seldom include physical activity, instead usually including only mental activity. c. They don't include a sense of the impact of one's actions on others. d. They are highly correlated with positive life events.
c
Which of the following facts helps explain the phenomenon of "repressed memories"? a. We tend to avoid thinking about traumatic things, so the more traumatic it is, the more we repress a memory b. We have very high recall for traumatic events c. We have poor source monitoring, which leads us to create memories from suggestions d. We tend to forget things that are related to traumas until they are specifically triggered
c
Which of the following treatments has been shown to be more effective for Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) than for the "winter blues"? a. Physical activity b. Vitamin D supplementation c. Light box therapy d. All of the above have been shown to be equally useful for SAD and the winter blues.
c
Who is MOST likely to receive gender-affirming surgery? a. Someone experiencing premature ejaculation b. Someone experiencing erectile dysfunction c. Someone experiencing gender dysphoria d. Someone who is gay or lesbian
c
Higher ________ anxiety stimuli predispose people to developing traumatic stress. a. preferences for b. memory for c. attention to d. avoidance of
d
Humans are unique in that we make representations of our experiences stored in writing, modification of our environment, social relationships and so on. Researchers call this phenomenon: a. long-term memory b. adaptive memory c. organizational memory d. extended memory
d
If you were treated with ECT, you would experience a(n): a. insulin-induced coma b. increase in short term memory c. slow increase in the activity of serotonin in your brain d. controlled brain seizure
d
Lisa Mosconi and her associates administered PET scans to research participants to measure activity in the hippocampus. They found that participants with low hippocampus activity were more likely to develop neurocognitive disorders later in life. How accurate were their predictions? a. about 60 percent for both mild and major neurocognitive impairment b. more than 80 percent accurate for mild neurocognitive impairment, and nearly 100 percent accurate for major neurocognitive impairment c. about 90 percent for both mild and major neurocognitive impairment d. more than 70 percent accurate for mild neurocognitive impairment and more than 80 percent accurate for major neurocognitive impairment
d
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and estrogen replacement therapy for postmenopausal women has been associated with: a. slowed progression of Alzheimer's disease b. higher rates of Alzheimer's disease compared to those who do not take these c. an increased risk for developing senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles d. delayed or decreased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease
d
Second messengers are: a. important in increasing the effectiveness of tricyclics. b. used by therapists when treating couples. c. the same as neurotransmitters. d. active inside the neuron.
d
Studies have shown that misuse of medication in U.S. nursing homes occurs MOST often when staff members: a. mistake complex drug interactions for symptoms of delirium b. mistakenly give drugs to the wrong residents c. discontinue drugs that could have controlled residents' inappropriate behaviors and irrelevant thoughts d. use antipsychotic drugs to control the behaviors of those who don't show psychotic symptoms
d
The MOST common of the identified chromosomal causes Down syndrome is: a. PKU b. translocation c. mosaicism d. trisomy 21
d
When people with mood and anxiety disorders remember bad things that have happened to them, they are very good at recalling how awful they felt but not good at recalling specific details of what was happening around them. This suggests mood and anxiety disorders can increase some aspects of __________ memory, but impair _________. a. working; explicit b. emotional; working c. explicit; implicit d. implicit; explicit
d
When you remember something, it is like taking a box with your memory off the shelf and rearranging the contents, adding some new connections and removing some old connections, before putting it back. This process is called memory _________. a. reframing b. recollection c. restitution d. reconsolidation
d
Which of the following qualities of an event are NOT associated with making a stressful event more likely to be traumatic? a. Unpredictability b. Leading to betrayal of trust c. Life-threatening d. Experienced by other people at the same time
d
Which of the following would be an example of an explicit memory? a. Remembering the feeling you get when you listen to your favorite song b. Remembering how to play your favorite song on the guitar c. Remembering the dance moves that go along to your favorite song d. Remembering the lyrics to your favorite song
d
Which statement BEST describes effective therapy for treating borderline personality disorder? a. There is no effective therapy for borderline personality disorder. b. When using the psychodynamic approach, avoid relational therapy. c. Using drugs is a safe, effective way to treat the disorder. d. Research suggests that dialectical behavior therapy is the most effective.
d
Which statement is TRUE regarding the prevalence of bipolar disorder? a. It is the most common depressive disorder in the United States. b. It is a rare condition, affecting fewer than 20 in 100,000 people. c. It affects most people at some point in their lifetime. d. It affects millions of people in the United States, between 1 and 2.6 percent of all adults.
d
your elderly grandfather is deteriorating. At first he seemed only mildly forgetful, but lately he has had trouble recalling the names of close relatives and cannot remember where he is. He used to be very loving and patient, but now he is irascible and very unpleasant at odd moments. this condition is getting worse. He is MOST likely experiencing: a. presenile delirium b. intellectual development disorder c. stroke-induced neurocognitive disorder d. Alzheimer's disease
d
Which groups are particularly at risk for developing co-morbid PTSD and alcohol use disorders if they drink to cope with trauma? (select all that apply) a. College students b. Veterans c. Survivors of natural disasters d. Older adults e. Medical providers
a, b
A client who is talking calmly and rationally all of a sudden begins whining and complaining like a spoiled child. If that client suffers from true dissociative identity disorder, the client just experienced: a. host transfer b. switching c. mutual cognizance d. lability
b
"Be loyal to your family" was what the child heard all the time, along with "You shouldn't— and can't—do it on your own, so don't even try." A behaviorist would say this kind of upbringing would be MOST likely to produce which of the personality disorders in the child, when he or she reached adulthood? a. narcissistic b. antisocial c. avoidant d. dependent
d
According to surveys, how many transgender people in the United States have reported that they have been harassed or attacked at school, at work, or in their communities as a result of being transgender? a. 10 to 15 percent b. 25 percent c. 50 percent d. 80 to 90 percent
d
Ed does not follow what the teacher is doing and has difficulty focusing on the task at hand. His behavior in class is disruptive because he cannot sit still, which leads to poor grades in school. He also has trouble sitting still at the dinner table, but also has times when he gets so focused on playing with his food that he forgets to eat. These symptoms MOST likely indicate: a. a conduct disorder. b. school phobia with acting out. c. dyslexia with childhood anxiety. d. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
d
It is always a good idea for survivors of a traumatic event to disclose their experiences to others, because social support is an extremely important factor in preventing traumatic stress. True/False
False
The brain and genitals develop at about the same time, so anything that changes exposure to sex hormones will equally affect both. True/False
False
The brains of people who grew up speaking two languages are largely the same as people who learned a new language as an adult. True/False
False
The most common re-experiencing symptoms of trauma are flashbacks, followed by nightmares and distressing emotional reactions to reminders of the trauma. True/False
False
Two of the things that differentiates traumatic stress reactions from other kinds of stress responses is that traumatic stress is much less than what would be adaptive to respond to the event, but tends to last much longer than typical stressors would. True/False
False
Which is the BEST example of the subpersonalities in dissociative identity disorder differing in preferences? a. One subpersonality loves alternative rock music and another hates it but loves country music. b. One subpersonality has blond hair and another has red hair. c. One subpersonality is allergic to cats but the others are not. d. One subpersonality is a teenager and another is middle aged.
a
Which of the following is NOT associated with delirium among the elderly? a. being overweight or obese b. being a nursing home resident c. having a fever, infectious disease, or a head injury d. being admitted to a hospital
a
Which of these is the stress? a. Warzone exposure b. Traumatic stress symptoms c. Anxiety sensitivity
a
Which parents would be LEAST likely to have children who receive effective treatment for ADHD? a. African Americans who are Medicaid-insured b. non-Hispanic white Americans who are Medicaid-insured c. African Americans with private health insurance d. non-Hispanic white Americans with private health insurance
a
Many researchers believe that one reason for higher rates of posttraumatic stress disorder in women is: a. the age they are at the time of trauma b. the types of trauma they experience c. their lower self-esteem prior to the trauma d. their willingness to seek treatment
b
Match the form of long-term memory loss to the condition in which it is more often seen. Problems with memory consolidation (no original memory trace) a. dementia b. anterograde amnesia
b
The part of the brain MOST important for short-term (working) memory is (are) the: a. hippocampus b. prefrontal lobes c. temporal lobes d. amygdala
b
Explicit memory traces (cues that help you recall the memory) are more robust to forgetting than implicit memory traces. True/False
False
A person experiencing mania goes out with friends, looking for adventure. In addition, the individual talks loudly, runs rather than walks, and gives away a lot of money to random people on the street. These symptoms are primarily: a. emotional and cognitive b. motivational and behavioral c. physical and cognitive d. motivational and emotional
--
According to intolerance of uncertainty theory, individuals with general anxiety disorder are: a. able to tolerate uncertainty only in severely threatening events b. able to tolerate uncertainty only in mildly threatening events c. likely to underestimate the changes that any positive event will occur d. likely to have difficulty tolerating the knowledge that a negative event may occur
--
According to the social network analyses of traumatic stress symptoms that we talked about in class, which of these symptoms is among the strongest predictors of acute stress disorder turning into PTSD? a. nightmares b. increased anger c. flashbacks d. difficulty remembering parts of the traumatic experience (traumatic amnesia)
--
Children with atypical neurodevelopment have significantly lower connectivity and activity in brain circuits related to ________. a. attention to things they find interesting b. motor learning c. social reward d. mathematic ability
--
Investigators have shown that traumatic events are associated with subsequent changes in the neurotransmitter: a. serotonin b. GABA c. dopamine d. norepinephrine
--
Which factor during childhood has NOT been shown to increase a person's likelihood of developing a stress disorder after experiencing a trauma later in life? a. Experiencing parental divorce or separation b. Living with someone with a psychological disorder c. Being from a religious family d. Living in poverty
--
Which of the following is NOT one of the variants of Big Five personality traits that can contribute to personality disorders? a. Irritability and frustration (extreme opposite of conscientiousness) b. Antagonism (extreme opposite of agreeableness) c. Eccentricity and psychoticism (exaggeration of openness) d. Detachment (extreme opposite of extraversion)
--
Which of the following problems are more likely to occur in people with PTSD? (Select all that apply) a. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) b. Chronic pain conditions c. Lower immunity to sexually transmitted infections d. Allergies and food sensitivities e. Narcolepsy
--
Which of these symptoms is NOT considered a warning sign of sleep problems in kids? a. Inattention b. Unusual facial expressions c. Unexplained weight loss d. Early puberty
--
Upon "waking" from a dissociative fugue state, a common immediate reaction is: a. confusion b. guilt c. anger d. embarrassment
a
Which statement about the long-term effects of rape on women is MOST accurate? a. Rape victims are significantly more likely to abuse alcohol or drugs. b. Rape has a significant negative effect on a woman's fertility. c. Although psychological effects of rape can be long lasting, physical effects are uncommon. d. Women who have been raped are less likely to seek medical treatment.
a
While depressed mood is more likely to be triggered in the _______, manic mood may be more likely to be triggered in the _________. a. winter; summer b. summer; winter c. evening; midday d. evening; morning
a
While the genetic factors for some personality traits are shared between people with and without personality disorders, the genes for _________ personality traits seem to be different between people with normal personality vs. disordered personality. a. odd/eccentric b. detachment avoidance c. negative affectivity d. disinhibition
a
Zuko has always been a loner. He has never much cared for being with other people and does not form relationships easily. He appears to be without emotion. Zuko may be exhibiting: a. schizoid personality disorder. b. paranoid personality disorder. c. historic personality disorder. d. narcissistic personality disorder.
a
Which research finding supports the idea that individuals may inherit a predisposition to posttraumatic stress disorder? a. Overactivity in the amygdala and slowed activity in the prefrontal cortex b. Elevated cortisol levels in babies born to people who were pregnant during the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks c. Deficient levels of GABA in combat veterans d. Abnormal activity of cortisol and norepinephrine in the blood, urine, and saliva of concentration camp survivors
b
Which theoretical orientation is MOST helpful in understanding the origin of gender identity disorder? a. Sociocultural b. Biological c. Family systems d. Cognitive-behavioral
b
_________ is characterized by difficulty establishing social ties despite wanting to, discomfort in social situations, and fear of being embarrassed or appearing foolish. a. Paranoid personality disorder b. Avoidant personality disorder c. Schizoid personality disorder d. Narcissistic personality disorder
b
Match the type of stress response that we would most typically see in adults who had different childhood environments. Severe/traumatic stressful childhood environment a. Sensitive stress response (relatively high activation in response to stressors in adulthood). b. Buffered stress response (relatively moderate activation in response to stressors in adulthood). c. Unemotional stress response (extremely low to no activation in response to stressors in adulthood).
c
Of the different trajectories of symptom disturbance following a significant stressful life event, which is the LEAST common response? a. Resilience (no significant loss in normal function) b. Chronic (loss of normal function that persists) c. Delayed (initially fine, then loss of normal function later) d. Recovery (initial loss of normal function, but then resume to normal over time)
c
Which of the following would provide the strongest evidence to support the theory that schizophrenia is caused by (not just correlated with) socioeconomic factors? a. evidence showing that people of lower socioeconomic status have higher rates of schizophrenia than those of higher socioeconomic status. b. evidence showing that the risk of schizophrenia is positively correlated with the number of life stressors one has experienced. c. evidence showing that the rate of schizophrenia changes after people have moved from a higher to a lower, or from a lower to a higher, socioeconomic status. d. evidence showing that the risk of schizophrenia is negatively correlated with one's annual income.
c
Which of these is the diathesis? a. Warzone exposure b. Traumatic stress symptoms c. Anxiety sensitivity
c
Problems with sleep can interfere with memory by impairing ________. a. recognition b. recall c. working memory d. memory consolidation
d
The assumption behind the use of projective tests as assessment tools is that: a. they stimulate abnormal behaviors than the clinician can observe. b. patient responses to specific stimuli will uncover specific disorders. c. they allow for comparison of a client's behavior against a norm. d. the responses come from the client's unconscious.
d
The percentage of the U.S. population today aged 65 and older is approximately: a. 7 percent b. 25 percent c. 4 percent d. 15 percent
d
When older folks seek treatment because they notice memory loss, what kinds of symptoms are they most likely to report? a. Implicit memory loss b. Explicit memory loss c. Long-term memory loss d. Short-term memory loss
d
