PSYC CH 10

Aurelia's partner, Jamie, often does not treat her well. Jamie often ignores Aurelia's requests and makes fun of her. When you ask her about it, Aurelia defends the relationship, saying "Jamie takes care of me" and "I don't want to be alone." Such excessive clinging behaviors and fear of separation MAY be indicative of _____ personality disorder.

dependent

Which of the following is NOT one of the three clusters of personality disorders that have been identified?

depressed and disorganized

Miguel was working in the North Tower when the first plane struck the Twin Towers in New York City on September 11, 2001. When someone asks him to recall the events preceding the first strike and how he managed to make it out of the building, he cannot remember what he did. What is likely the reason for Miguel's memory loss?

dissociative amnesia

The MOST common type of hallucination in schizophrenia is:

auditory or visual.

The mood disorder characterized by periods of incapacitating depression alternating with periods of extreme euphoria and excitement is known as _____ disorder.

bipolar

Even though Jordan is married to her longtime partner, Danny, she cannot stop herself from thinking that Danny will leave her and that she feels empty and worthless. These feelings are generally characteristic of _____ personality disorder are often the result of childhood disruptions in attachment.

borderline

On average, a person has the HIGHEST lifetime risk of developing schizophrenia if:

both parents are schizophrenic.

Your roommate has been talking about the importance of weight loss and eating healthy. However, when you come home from class, you notice a lot of chocolate bar wrappers hidden in the wastebasket in your dorm room. You also notice that your roommate has frequently been vomiting after you eat together in the cafeteria. Your roommate may be suffering from:

bulimia nervosa.

When he was a child, Hector was bitten by a spider. As a result, Hector has developed a fear of spiders. Hector's fear is a(n) _____, and spiders are the _____.

conditioned response; conditioned stimulus

The pattern of behavior typically associated with antisocial personality disorder is often found in children in the form of:

conduct disorder.

What phrase describes one of the key features of a personality disorder?

consistency over time and situations

Muhamed's psychologist has told him that his mood swings are not severe enough to qualify as bipolar disorder or major depression. He is most likely suffering from:

cyclothymic disorder.

Physiologically, the effects of anorexia are similar to the effects of starvation: basal metabolic rates _____, and blood levels of glucose, insulin, and leptin _____.

decrease; decrease

In schizophrenia, a persisting, falsely held belief is a _____, and a false or distorted perception is a _____.

delusion; hallucination

A man was found in Florida who had been on the missing persons' list in New York for many years. When he was found, the man could not recall his "past" life, including that he had lived in New York. He also could not recall how or when he came to Florida. This man MOST likely suffers from:

dissociative amnesia with dissociative fugue.

Meena often gets so absorbed in a book that she does not hear her mother ask her a question. Meena may be experiencing a mild:

dissociative experience.

Symptoms of amnesia and memory problems are common features of:

dissociative identity disorder.

There is a widely held belief that schizophrenia is related to, and may be caused by, excessive activity of the neurotransmitter _____ in the brain.

dopamine

An individual with schizoid personality disorder would be MOST likely to exhibit which of the following behaviors?

emotional indifference and social detachment

The key similarity between people with anorexia and people with bulimia nervosa is that both:

fear gaining weight.

Which of these is NOT one of the four categories that characterize specific phobias?

fear of people who belong to other races and cultures

Two brain areas implicated in obsessive-compulsive disorder are the _____, which is(are) involved in planning and thinking ahead, and the _____, which is involved in the regulation of movements.

frontal lobes; caudate nucleus

Petra exhibits exaggerated, overly dramatic, attention-seeking behaviors at parties, making her the focus of other people's attention. She exhibits traits of _____ personality disorder.

histrionic

Which of the following was classified as a psychological disorder in earlier editions of the DSM but has since been removed?

homosexuality

When compared to women, men are _____ likely to suffer from an eating disorder.

much less

Dev, a 30-year-old man with schizophrenia, is being seen in the psychiatric emergency department. When medical personnel ask various questions, his responses are emotionally flat, brief, and empty. He stares into space and looks disheveled. Dev is showing the _____ symptoms common in schizophrenia.

negative

It often takes hours for Kenan to get ready in the morning. When he gets dressed, he has to put on and take off his pants at least a dozen times, because each time he puts one leg into the pants, the other leg needs to be "evened out." This behavior pattern has caused him to be late for classes and work. It has also caused him overall distress. What is Kenan MOST likely suffering from?

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Taijin kyofusho, a disorder commonly reported by Japanese males, is characterized by the fear of:

offending others in public.

People with mental illnesses account for nearly _____ of the cigarettes smoked in the United States.

one-half

As a child, Adina was trapped in an elevator for more than 10 hours. As a result, Adina is afraid to use elevators. Using the learning principle of operant conditioning, it is likely that Adina's _____ of avoiding elevators is _____ reinforced by the relief from fear that Adina experiences when she does not get on an elevator.

operant response; negatively

One possible explanation for the link between smoking and mental illness is that smoking is a form of _____, because smokers report a sense of calm after smoking.

self-medication

There is a decrease in the brain activity of the neurotransmitter _____ in both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

serotonin

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, also known as "DSM-5," is used to describe the _____ for different psychological disorders.

symptoms and diagnostic guidelines

Based on what is described in your textbook, which of the following is NOT a criticism of DSM-5 among clinicians?

the removal of homosexuality as a psychological disorder

Dissociative fugue is associated with:

trauma or stress.

A panic disorder that evolves into a destabilizing fear of suffering a panic attack in public is called:

agoraphobia

The risk of developing schizophrenia if both parents have the disorder is about _____ percent.

50

On average, a person with bulimia nervosa will experience eating binges_____ per week.

2 times

According to the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) study, around _____ percent of U.S. adults have experienced symptoms of a psychological disorder at some point in their lives.

45

Rhonda, who has just been diagnosed with schizophrenia at the age of 22, has an identical twin sister, Rosa, who does not suffer from the disorder at this point. Rosa goes to her doctor, because she is concerned that she will also develop the disorder. Her doctor tells Rosa that, because her twin has been diagnosed, she has roughly a _____ percent chance of developing schizophrenia.

50

_____ is characterized by excessive weight loss, an irrational fear of gaining weight, and distorted body self-perception.

Anorexia nervosa

_____ symptoms of major depressive disorder include difficulty in concentrating and remembering.

Cognitive

_____ are the repeated and uncontrollable irrational thoughts that cause anxiety. They differ from _____, which are the repetitive behaviors or mental acts that are performed to reduce anxiety.

Obsessions; compulsions

_____ disorders include disruptions in awareness, memory, and identity that interfere with daily life functioning.

Dissociative

Which of the following is an accurate statement about major depressive disorder?

It is much more prevalent among women than men.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about DSM-5?

It represents a consensus of mental health professionals and organizations.

_____ are most commonly diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder.

Men

According to the Critical Thinking box titled "Should Social Media Help to Diagnose Disorders?" what is one ethical concern with using social media to help identify people who may be struggling with psychological disorders?

People may be falsely identified due to exaggerated or untrue posts.

Why does researcher Susan Nolen-Hoeksema suggest that women are more likely to be diagnosed with depression than men?

Women experience more chronic stress than men.

In many Latin American cultures, there are reports of a condition known as ataque de nervios. This condition is comparable to _____ in Western cultures.

a panic attack

A few weeks ago, your sister experienced a panic attack while grocery shopping. When you call to check on her, she confides that she is terribly afraid of having another panic attack when she is out in public. Because of this, she has ordered all of her food and groceries to be delivered and has not left her apartment. She is MOST likely suffering from:

agoraphobia.

The fear of experiencing a panic attack in public is to _____, as the extreme fear of being embarrassed or judged by others in public is to _____.

agoraphobia; social anxiety disorder

Those who have dissociative identity disorder commonly report:

amnesia and memory problems.

Makari has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. He displays many of the typical negative symptoms of schizophrenia, such as having a flat affect (reduced emotional responsiveness) and reduced motivation. Based on Thompson's (2001) research, we would assume that Makari's gray matter has experienced a dramatic:

loss in his frontal lobe.

Klava and Jenny have both agreed to take part in a research study to examine adolescent structural brain changes with high-resolution brain scans. Klava has no known mental illnesses, and Jenny has recently been diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. Based on this, we would assume that Klava experienced _____ gray matter loss and Jenny experienced _____ gray matter loss.

low; high

Which disorder is known as "the common cold" of psychological disorders and is considered the MOST common of all the psychological disorders?

major depressive disorder

The distinctive difference between bipolar disorder and major depression is the presence of _____ in bipolar disorder.

mania

Paula experiences frequent and unexpected attacks of extreme anxiety where her heart rate increases and she has trouble breathing. She feels like the attacks "come out of nowhere." Paula is most likely experiencing:

panic disorder.

Chronic, low-grade depression is to _____, as intense, debilitating depression is to _____.

persistent depressive disorder; major depressive disorder

Inflexible and maladaptive personality traits consistent across a broad range of situations characterize a(n) _____ disorder.

personality

What disorder is a long-lasting anxiety disorder that develops in response to an extreme physical or psychological stressor?

posttraumatic stress

One thing that can happen with a person who "awakens" from a dissociative fugue is that he or she may _____ his or her past history and _____ what occurred during the fugue state.

remember; have amnesia about

The severely distorted beliefs, perceptions, and thought processes typically associated with _____ often signify a strong loss of being in touch with reality by the patient.

schizophrenia

Anthony is away from home for his first year at college. A few months after classes begin, Anthony finds out that his girlfriend is pregnant. Already struggling to adjust to being on his own in college, Anthony now has to take on the responsibilities of being a father. One day while getting ready for class, Anthony is watching a national news show and is convinced that the news anchor is trying to send him a secret code. Anthony's doctor later concludes that he experienced a:

schizophrenic episode.

Which of these is a mood disorder that typically occurs during the darker and colder times of the year?

seasonal affective disorder

Amra lives in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Because of her geographic location, there are long periods of time when she experiences little exposure to sunlight. During these times of the year, she feels more tired and doesn't have as much fun participating in her daily activities as she normally does. Amra is most likely suffering from:

seasonal affective disorder.

The role of brain structure in patients with schizophrenia has been heavily researched. The findings indicate that one or two differences are often evident in the brains of people with schizophrenia: enlargement of fluid-filled cavities called "_____" and loss of _____ tissue.

ventricles; gray matter

A study discussed in the Critical Thinking box titled "Should Social Media Help to Diagnose Disorders?" indicated that people who were depressed _____ than people who were not depressed.

were more likely to post black-and-white photos on Instagram

Researchers currently suggest that social media should only be used _____ until widely accepted ethical guidelines are developed.

with participants who give consent

Borderline personality disorder is, by a wide margin, MOST common among:

women.