PSYC Chapter 1 Test

_____ is the study of physical changes in the brain and nervous system during thinking.

Cognitive neuroscience

________ are defined in the textbook as standards upon which a judgment or decision may be based.

Criteria

Which of the following is a reason researchers prefer to use animals in experiments instead of humans?

Studying long-term effects is much easier.

Pia believes that she is an undercover CIA agent working for the President of the United States. Her delusions disappear, however, whenever she takes her psychotropic medication. Pia is most likely being treated by which of the following?

a psychiatrist

Talking, facial expressions, and movements are elements of:

behavior

The process of objectively examining and measuring one's own thoughts and mental activities is known as:

objective introspection

Which of the following psychological professionals must always have a medical degree?

psychiatrist

A professional who holds a doctoral degree (but has not attended medical school) and may work in a wide number of vocational settings would be a(n) ________.

psychologist

Scientists report their results even if an experiment failed because:

researchers studying the same things will gain from what has already been learned.

Biopsychology has found mounting evidence of a biological cause for:

schizophrenia

The belief that every experience can be broken down into its individual emotions and sensations is known as:

structuralism

In an experiment, it is best to divide participants into the control or experimental group by:

using random assignment

Animals are used in about ___ percent of all psychological studies.

7

________ are personal judgments based on beliefs rather than facts.

Biases

Which of the following is the strongest correlation?

-.93

How does humanism differ from psychosomatic theory and behaviorism?

Humanism focuses on people's ability to direct their own lives.

Pavlov's work with learning in dogs focused on the concept of:

conditioning

A case study would be the most effective method of research to investigate which of these topics?

dissociative identity disorder in adolescent transsexuals

Hispanic psychologist Jorge Sanchez is known for his research on:

intelligence tests and their cultural biases.

The bystander effect says that people in a crowd are ____ help someone in trouble as compared to a person witnessing someone in need to help in the absense of others.

less likely to

The textbook defines a _________ as someone who seeks wisdom and knowledge through thinking and discussion.

philosopher

A doctor informs the parents of a 14-year-old that, without hospitalization, her anorexia nervosa will worsen and cause grave medical conditions. The doctor is making a(n):

prediction

What is the main advantage of laboratory observation?

the degree of control it gives the researcher

If a researcher is observing a third grade classroom in full view of the students and finds that all the students are extremely quiet, polite, and attentive, what would the researcher most likely conclude?

the students' behavior is due to the observer effect

In a negative correlation:

the two variables have an inverse relationship.