Psych- 1 Ch 3
Chapter 3 Imagine the four lobes of the cortex looking at the left side of the head, which one of the following CORRECTLY matches the listed area with the correct lobe? (Front: 1, Middle top: 2, Middle bottom: 3, Back: 4) 1: Parietal 2: Temporal 3: Limbic 4: Occipital
4: Occipital
Chapter 3 Parts of the brain are listed below with a description. Which one of the following provides a FALSE description of its function? The cerebellum is located behind the brain stem. Some of its functions include coordinating voluntary movement and balance. The amygdala regulates our fear and aggression. The hypothalamus regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, sex, and feelings of pleasure. The limbic system filters information from your senses to the occipital lobes of the cortex. The hippocampus helps in the creation and storage of new long-term memories.
The limbic system filters information from your senses to the occipital lobes of the cortex.
Chapter 3 Which one of the following best describes the process of how nerve cells communicate with one another? electrical nervous chemical electrochemical
electrochemical
Chapter 3 The change in electrical charge that sends a message down a neuron is known as: the action potential the resting potential the synapse the node of Ranvier
the action potential
Lecture If a smoke alarm suddenly went off in your house, you would likely become highly alert and aroused. This most likely reflects the activation of which part of your brain? the prefrontal cortex the hippocampus the brain stem the cerebellum
the brain stem
Lecture Which gland in the endocrine system would most likely be linked with the functioning of the sympathetic autonomic nervous system? Pituitary gland Adrenal gland Parathyroid gland Thyroid gland
Adrenal gland
Lecture As reviewed in lecture, which of the following functions is NOT usually associated with the parietal lobe of the cortex? Control of voluntary muscles Perception of space, shape, and bodily orientation Perception of smell and taste Understanding numbers
Control of voluntary muscles
Chapter 3 Which of the following regions of the brain is NOT matched with its correct function? Occipital lobe: Processes visual information, and includes the visual cortex. Corpus callosum: Controls movements of the body, and includes the motor cortex. Frontal lobe: thinking, planning, memory, and judgment Somatosensory cortex: Receives and organizes information from the skin's sensory receptors and bodily movements. The right hemisphere receives information from the left side of the body. The left hemisphere receives information from the left side of the body. Temporal lobe: Hearing and comprehension of language, and includes the auditory cortex.
Corpus callosum: Controls movements of the body, and includes the motor cortex.
Chapter 3 Nodes of Ranvier are chemicals that send signals across the synapses between neurons. True False
False
Lecture The parasympathetic autonomic nervous system is activated in the "fight-or-flight" response. True False
False It is the sympathetic autonomic nervous system that is activated in the "fight-or-flight" response.
Chapter 3 The textbook reviews research finding a correlation between testosterone levels and aggression. The evidence clearly indicates that increases in testosterone cause aggression. True False
False The textbook concludes the research only demonstrates a correlation. They even note evidence suggesting that engaging in aggressive behaviors may cause aggression levels to increase.
Chapter 3 The textbook describes techniques used by scientists to study the brain and its functions. Based on the textbook, which of the following statements is TRUE? One way to study brain functions is to compare patients with lesions in different parts of their brains. A study using this technique suggested that moral reasoning differed among participants with lesions in the parietal lobe compared to participants with lesions in other areas. One way to study the brain is electroencephalography (EEG). This technique creates an electronic 3-D image of the brain with a color-coded depiction of parts of the brain that are electrically activated during particular behaviors. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) applies magnetic electrodes around the person's head. It can reveal patterns in the electrical activity of the brain during different states of consciousness (awake or asleep) or different kinds of cognitive acitvities (writing or drawing). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) uses magnetic fields to create images of brain activity in each brain area. It depicts which parts of the brain are getting more blood flow and activity during a particular task.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) uses magnetic fields to create images of brain activity in each brain area. It depicts which parts of the brain are getting more blood flow and activity during a particular task.
Chapter 3 Which of the following statements about the nervous system is TRUE? Interneurons are the least common type of neuron. In a reflex, sensory information is sent to the spinal cord and interneurons send a message directly to motor neurons without first sending information back to the brain. A motor (or efferent) neuron carries information from the sensory receptors. A sensory (or afferent) neuron transmits information to muscles and glands.
In a reflex, sensory information is sent to the spinal cord and interneurons send a message directly to motor neurons without first sending information back to the brain.
Chapter 3 Which of the following statements about neurotransmitters is FALSE? Some neurotransmitters are excitatory. They make the receiving neuron more likely to fire a signal. Some neurotransmitters are agonist. They make the receiving neuron less likely to fire a signal. Reuptake is a process when neurotransmitters in the synapse are reabsorbed into the transmitting terminal buttons. Dopamine is one type of neurotransmitter. It is involved in movement, motivation, and feelings of pleasure.
Some neurotransmitters are agonist. They make the receiving neuron less likely to fire a signal.
Chapter 3 According to the textbook, which of the following statements about left-handedness is FALSE? Approximately 10% of people are primarily left-handed. Handedness appears to be partly due to genetic influences. Reading disabilities are less likely among left-handed persons than right-handed persons. People who are left-handed may have an advantage in developing visual-spatial skills, which may explain a high proportion of left-handed artists, architects, and chess players.
Reading disabilities are less likely among left-handed persons than right-handed persons.
Chapter 3 The brain stem begins where the spinal cord enters the skull. It is considered the "oldest" part of the brain because it is responsible for basic survival functions, and it is seen in the brains of a variety of animals. The brain stem includes some specific parts. Above the brain stem is the thalamus. Which of the following statements about the brain stem and thalamus is FALSE? As the spinal cord reaches the skull, it connects to the medulla. This part of the brain controls our heart rate and breathing. Above the medulla is the pons. The pons helps control movements of the body, especially balance and walking. Running through the medulla and the pons is the reticular formation. The reticular formation is where emotional memories are stored. Above the brain stem is the thalamus. It acts as a relay station that sends signals from the brain stem to higher brain levels
Running through the medulla and the pons is the reticular formation. The reticular formation is where emotional memories are stored.
Chapter 3 Which of the following definitions is FALSE? Axon: transmits information away from the neuron Dendrites: Collects information from other cells and sends information to the neuron's cell body Terminal buttons: The fatty tissue surrounding the axon neuron that functions as an insulator for faster transmission of the electrical signal Neuron: a cell in the nervous system that receives and transmits information
Terminal buttons: The fatty tissue surrounding the axon neuron that functions as an insulator for faster transmission of the electrical signal
Lecture In class, a video was shown explaining how neurons work using a baseball player to illustrate. According to this video, which one of the following is CORRECT? The baseball mitt catching the ball was supposed to represent the axon. The arm throwing the ball was supposed to represent the dendrites. The baseball was supposed to represent the neurotransmitter. The player's baseball cap was supposed to represent a terminal button.
The baseball was supposed to represent the neurotransmitter.
Chapter 3 The nervous system is divided into different subsystems. Which of the following statements about the nervous system is FALSE? The central nervous system is comprised of the brain and the spinal cord. The somatic nervous system is the subdivision of the central nervous system that regulates the internal activities of the human body. The parasympathetic nervous system falls under the peripheral nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system is a subdivision of the autonomic nervous system. It activates our organs and glands to handle stress.
The somatic nervous system is the subdivision of the central nervous system that regulates the internal activities of the human body.
Chapter 3 Neuroplasticity refers to the brain's ability to change its structure and function in response to experience or damage. Although a damaged neuron cannot repair itself, evidence suggests the brain can form new neurons to "rebuild" damaged brain areas. True False
True
Lecture The brain is characterized by contra-lateral control. For example, if you feel something in your right hand that sensory information is sent to your left hemisphere. Also, to raise your hand, the left hemisphere of your brain would send a signal to your right hand, while your right hemisphere would send a signal to your left hand. True False
True
Chapter 3 The endocrine system is comprised of glands that secrete hormones through the body. True False
True Hormones are chemicals that are sent through the bloodstream to particular parts of the body.
Chapter 3 In an unusual circumstance, the corpus callosum was severed (cut) in a patient's brain. Research on the effects of this surgery was described in the textbook. The researcher did the following. First, the patient was seated so he could see the information shown either on the left side or the right side of a screen. In some instances, an image of a shape was shown (such as a triangle). In other instances, words were shown. In another procedure, an object with a familiar shape was placed behind the screen so the patient could not see it. Then the patient was asked to pick it up with either his left or right hand and say what it was. The research demonstrated how brain lateralization works in our brains. Which one of the following was indicated? When shown the picture on the left side of the screen, the patient was unable to say what it was. However, when shown the picture on the right side of the screen, the patient could say what it was. When shown the words on the left side of the screen, the patient was able to say what it was. However, if shown the words on the right side of the screen, the patient could not say what it was. When asked to pick up a hidden object with his left hand, the patient could say the object's shape. However, when asked to pick up the object with his right hand, the patient was unable to say the object's shape. All of the above were indicated
When shown the picture on the left side of the screen, the patient was unable to say what it was. However, when shown the picture on the right side of the screen, the patient could say what it was.
Lecture The hypothalamus regulates several functions. Which one of the following is NOT one of them? sexual drive fighting or fleeing hunger and thirst attention and curiosity
attention and curiosity
