PSYCH 1: Quiz 8 (Chapter 8)

You have neurons in your brain that are innately more likely to fire when you are looking at a red light. If you spend a lot of time driving in America, those neurons might .... This is an example of A. Operant Conditioning B. Hebban Learning C. Imitation Learning D. Non-associative Learning

B. Hebban Learning

Sara allows her dog, Isabel, to run freely at a local park. When a truck drives by and its engine backfires loudly, Isabel quickly jumps up on her hind legs and barks loudly. Isabel's response illustrates _______. A. operant conditioning B. an instinct C. sensitization D. a reflex

D. a reflex

In which of the following scenarios is Roxie, the dog, most likely to rapidly learn to associate a conditioned stimulus with food? A. Each morning, Roxie's owner opens the squeaky kitchen cupboard, pours dog food into a bowl, and immediately puts the bowl of food on the floor for Roxie to eat. B. During the week, Roxie gets treats for not scratching the furniture; during the weekend, she gets treats for performing complex tricks. C. Roxie's owner has two sons: The older son teaches Roxie tricks and sometimes rewards her with a treat; the younger son likes to play fetch with Roxie. D. When Roxie's owner gets home from work, sometimes she gives Roxie a food treat right away; other times, they go for a short walk before Roxie is given the treat

A. Each morning, Roxie's owner opens the squeaky kitchen cupboard, pours dog food into a bowl, and immediately puts the bowl of food on the floor for Roxie to eat.

Each piece of information that you know A. is stored as a distributed pattern of activation across many areas of the brain B. is stored in the prefrontal cortex C. is stored in a different neuron D. is stored in the hippocampus

A. is stored as a distributed pattern of activation across many areas of the brain

Which process below is defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience? A. learning B. fixed action pattern C. variable action pattern D. reflex

A. learning

The process of associating a behavior with its consequences is known as ________. A. operant conditioning B. classical conditioning C. habituate learning D. observational learning

A. operant conditioning

Counterconditioning in which people reflex while being exposed to stimuli that elicit fear is referred to as ________. A. systematic desensitization B. operant conditioning C. higher order conditioning D. latent inhibition

A. systematic desensitization

What is a key distinction between classical conditioning and operant conditioning? A.Operant conditioning makes association between two stimuli; classical conditioning associates a behavior with its consequence. B. Classical conditioning makes association between two stimuli; operant conditioning associates a behavior with its consequence. C. In contrast to classical conditioning, operant conditioning leads to a relatively permanent behavioral change. D. In contrast to operant conditioning, classical conditioning leads to a relatively permanent behavioral change.

B. Classical conditioning makes association between two stimuli; operant conditioning associates a behavior with its consequence.

The formation of associations between two stimuli, which occur sequentially in time, is referred to as _____. A. operant conditioning B. classical conditioning C. observational conditioning D. associative conditioning

B. classical conditioning

Dr. Graham exposes rats to a vanilla scent prior to receiving a food pellet in the left corner of their cage, but provides no food after exposure to a lemon scent. After several trails, upon smelling a vanilla scent, the rats wait at the left corner of the cage regardless of whether a food pellet is present. However, they do not wait in the far left corner when exposed to the lemon scent. What is the unconditioned stimulus in the experiment? A. lemon scent B. food pellet C. left corner of cage D. vanilla scent

B. food pellet

According to Hebb's Law, two neurons are more likely to influence one another if A. they share many connections between their dendrites and axons B. they have both been active at the same time C. they use the same kinds of neurotransmitters D. they are the same type of neuron

B. they have both been active at the same time

What was a key finding of the Bobo doll experiment? A. Reprimanding the person on the video for their aggressive behavior substantially reduced the children's aggressive behavior B. Reprimanding the person on the video for their aggressive behavior slightly reduced the children's aggressive behavior C. Reprimanding the person on the video for their aggressive behavior slightly increased the children's aggressive behavior D. Reprimanding the person on the video for their aggressive behavior did not affect the children's aggressive behavior

C. Reprimanding the person on the video for their aggressive behavior slightly increased the children's aggressive behavior

Steve and his husband Jim both work full time. Since Steve usually arrives home first, he takes on the burden of cooking and cleaning, but he is becoming frustrated with the current division of chores. Which of the following learning approaches is likely to work best to increase Jim's participation in the household duties? A.Steve should consistently comment upon Jim's lack of help with cooking and dishwashing until his behavior changes. B. Steve should refuse to cook and clean, forcing Jim to realize how his actions affect their relationship C. Steve should ignore negative behaviors and notice and reward positive behaviors, gradually increasing Jim's participation in cooking and dishwashing. D. Steve should make a list of how all of Jim's behaviors have affected his life.

C. Steve should ignore negative behaviors and notice and reward positive behaviors, gradually increasing Jim's participation in cooking and dishwashing.

When Jane had leukemia as a child, she had to undergo numerous bouts of chemotherapy. The chemotherapy always made her nauseous. As she went through a year of treatment, the waiting room started to make her nauseous. the waiting room became: A. an unconditioned response B. a neutral stimulus C. a conditioned stimulus D. a conditioned response

C. a conditioned stimulus

Nick wants to encourage his 6-year-old daughter, Anna, to help with family chores. He makes and outline of a rainbow with seven bands so that Anna can color in a band each time she does a chore. If she does seven chores in a week, coloring in the full rainbow, she gets $1. Nick's technique demonstrates which methods? A. shaping, negative reinforcement, and a variable interval schedule B. chaining, negative punishment, and a variable ratio schedule C. a token economy, positive reinforcement, and a fixed ratio schedule D. Habituation, positive punishment, and a fixed interval schedule

C. a token economy, positive reinforcement, and a fixed ratio schedule

Maria wants to teach her dog Max the command, "Get beer, Max." This involves going to the refrigerator and opening it by pulling on a dishtowel tied to the handle, taking out a can of beer with his mouth, and bringing it to her dinner guest. Which of the following training methods is likely to work best? A. shaping and negative reinforcement B. chaining and negative punishment C. chaining and positive reinforcement D. shaping and positive punishment

C. chaining and positive reinforcement

Classical conditioning seldom occurs when a(n)________________ repeatedly comes before a(n)_____________. A. conditioned response (CR); conditioned stimulus (CS) B. unconditioned response (UCR); conditioned response (CR) C. unconditioned stimulus (UCS); neutral stimulus (NS) D. neutral stimulus; unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

C. unconditioned stimulus (UCS); neutral stimulus (NS)

Which of the following are reasons why punishment is sometimes ineffective for learning? A. It must be applied immediately in order to be effective B. It doesn't teach or promote an alternative, acceptable behavior C. It can lead to undesirable results, such as fear, passivity, or hostility D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Eli is afraid of bees, and has been ever since he was nearly stung by one a few months ago. Lately, his father has been very distressed to see that Eliis now afraid of any flying insect, even tiny ones like gnats. The fact that Eli gets terribly afraid and runs to another room whenever he sees a flying "bug" demonstrates ______. A. discrimination B. inhibition C. acquisition D. generalization

D. generalization

You are annoyed at your roommate for never cleaning up after themselves in the bathroom. You want to use negative reinforcement to get them to clean up after themselves more ofter. Which of the following would be an example of negative reinforcement? A. thanking them every time they clean the bathroom B. refusing to let them share your food, if they fail to clean the bathroom C. criticizing them every time they fail to clean the bathroom D. stopping some behavior you do that they do not like, in exchange

D. stopping some behavior you do that they do not like, in exchange