Psych 100 Final Review

Autism spectrum disorder is now diagnosed in ____ american children by 8 years of age.

1 in 68

Our immediate short-term memory for new material is limited to roughly ____.

7 bits of information

6-year old Julie performs on an intelligence at the same level as an average 8-year old. Julie's mental age is ____.

8

Howard Gardner identified a total of ___ relatively independent intelligences.

9

Which of the following is a self-fulfilling prophecy?

A belief that leads to its own fulfillment

Which of the following statements will people typically agree with quickly?

A crow is a bird

A syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in a person's thoughts, emotion regulation, or behaviors is most clearly an indication of _____.

A psychological disorder

Conformity is best described as _________.

Adjusting one's behavior or thinking toward a group standard

Letting another person know that you sense and understand the feelings he or she is expressing to you best demonstrates ______.

Active Listening

Logical step by step procedures for solving problems is called ____.

Algorithms

Today's psychologists assume that disordered behavior is influenced by _____.

All of these factors

A stage theory of development was advanced by ____.

All of these psychologists (Erikson and Kohlberg)

Feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in particular ways to objects, people, and events are called

Attitudes

The spontaneous utterance of a variety of sounds by infants is called ____.

Babbling

_____ refers to clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they are formed has been discredited.

Belief Perseverance

The idea that we are biologically programmed to fear threats faced by our ancestors can help explain phobias related to all of the following EXCEPT ____.

Bombs falling from the sky

________ is an eating disorder in which a normal-weight person engages in binge eating and then purges the excessive food consumption by self-induced vomiting or by the misuse of laxatives or enemas.

Bulimia Nervosa

Who emphasized the importance of active listening in the process of psychotherapy?

Carl Rogers

Encouraging people to vent their anger in order to reduce it presumes that angry expressions promote ____.

Catharsis

The most likely people to be diagnosed with ADHD are _____.

Children

The organization of individual items into larger familiar units is called ____.

Chunking

Which term refers to all mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communication?

Cognition

A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people is a ____.

Concept

Which of the following disorders most clearly occurs worldwide?

Depression

The branch of psychology that focuses on the physical, cognitive, social changes that occur throughout human lifespan is called ____.

Developmental Psychology

Which basic emotion is facially expressed by nose wrinkled, upper lip raised, and tongue pushed outward?

Disgust

Personally distressing thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are considered to be symptoms of a psychological disorder if they are _____.

Dysfunctional

The gap between adolescence and independence is referred to as ____.

Emerging Adulthood

The ability to understand, manage, and perceive emotions is referred to as _____.

Emotional Intelligence

_____ is to feel what others are feeling.

Empathy

The most universally understood way of expressing emotion is through _____.

Facial Expressions

Unlike the cones, rods are sensitive to ___.

Faint light and peripheral motion

Menopause involves a decline in ____.

Fertility

Which of the following techniques was Freud most likely to use in an attempt to discover the hidden conflicts underlying his patients' symptoms?

Free Association

The form of blood sugar that provides the major source of energy for body tissues is ___.

Glucose

Which of the following was eliminated from the list of disorders in 1973?

Homosexuality

The wavelength of light determines its ____.

Hue

Experiencing anger tends to ___ heart rate, and ___ testosterone levels.

Increase, increase

Experiencing anger tends to ____ heart rate and ____ testosterone levels.

Increase; increase

During a state of emotional arousal, the adrenal glands release ____ into the bloodstream.

Insulin

In the DSM-5, a condition formerly known as mental retardation is now labeled ____.

Intellectual Disability

The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations is known as ____.

Intelligence

Dysfunctional behaviors are maladaptive, which means that they ________.

Interfere with normal day-to-day life

The fundamental attribution error __________.

Involves underestimating situational constraints on another's behavior

The researcher most closely associated with the study of classical conditioning is ____.

Ivan Pavlov

Who agreed with Freud that childhood is important but stressed the importance of social rather than sexual tensions?

Karen Horney

Spoken, written, or signed words that are combined to communicate means ____.

Language

Participants in Milgram's obedience experiments were informed that they were involved in a study of ____.

Learning

The process of acquiring new and relatively endearing informations or behaviors is called ____.

Learning

The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system is called ____.

Long-Term Memory

Stanley Milgram is the social psychologist who conducted studies to _______.

Measure people's willingness to comply with orders given by an authority figure

The persistence of learning over time most clearly depends on ____.

Memory

Philippe Pinel (1745-1826) was the first to promote ______ for psychological disorders, instead of the brutal treatments used during his time.

Moral Treatment

Compared with men, women are ____ to report themselves open to feelings and ____ to express empathy.

More likely; more likely

During a state of emotional arousal, the adrenal glands release ____ into the bloodstream.

Norepinephrine

JB Watson believed that psychology should be the science of ____.

Observable Behavior

When touched on the cheek, infants relatively ____.

Open their mouths

A type of learning in which a behavior becomes more likely recur if followed by a reinforcer or less likely to recur if followed by a punisher is called ____.

Operant Conditioning

Symptoms that may be misperceived as a heart attack are most characteristic of ____.

Panic Disorder

Opinion change resulting from incidental cues such as a speaker's attractiveness illustrates ______.

Peripheral route persuasion

An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting is his or her ___.

Personality

In the Stanford Prison experiment, male college students volunteered to act either as guards or as prisoners. In only six days, the guards became cruel and degrading and the prisoners became passive, broke down, or rebelled. The psychologist who devised the study was _____.

Philip Zimbardo

Nutrients and oxygen are transferred from the mother to her developing fetus through the ____.

Placenta

If you were a participant in Milgram's original obedience experiment, it is very likely that you would ______.

Play the role of the teacher and get to "shock" the learner

Mr. Hanson is strongly suspected of embezzling money from his employer. He has denied the allegation. To determine whether he is lying, investigators are most likely to ask Mr. Hanson to take a(n) ____ test.

Polygraph

Mr. Hanson is strongly suspected of embezzling money from his employer. He has denied the allegation. To determine whether he's lying, investigators are most likely to ask Mr. Hanson to take a ____.

Polygraph Test

Which of the following is indicative of a sexual dysfunction?

Premature Ejactulation

Couples who are passionately in love most frequently communicate intimacy by means of _____.

Prolonged Eye-Gazing

Couples who are passionately in love most frequently communicate intimacy by means of ____.

Prolonged eye gazing

A best example of a category of objects, events, ideas, or people is a ____.

Prototype

Three basic measures of memory retention are ____.

Recall, recognition, and relearning

Which measure of memory retention assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again?

Relearning

According to Freud, thoughts that are too unsettling for people to acknowledge are _____.

Repressed

The second phase of general adaptation syndrome is characterized by ____.

Resistance

The second phase of the general adaptation syndrome is characterized by _____.

Resistance

The set of prescribed behaviors associated with a particular social position is best described as a(n) ____.

Role

A person who demonstrates an exceptional specific mental skill while otherwise often remaining very limited in an intellectual capacity is showing signs of ____.

Savant Syndrome

Our ____ is said to be an indication of how socially accepted we feel.

Self-Esteem

Sensory nerve endings that respond to stimuli are called ____.

Sensory Receptors

Encoding words based on the appearance of the words and letters involves ____.

Shallow Processing

Your activated but limited capacity memory is called ____.

Short-Term Memory

According to the medical model, psychological disorders are ______.

Sicknesses that need to be diagnosed and in most cases cured

Psychoanalysis refers to the personality theory and therapeutic practices developed by

Sigmund Freud

Heuristics are methodological step by step procedures for ____.

Simple thinking strategies for solving problems quickly and efficiently

An important aspect of social intelligence is called ____.

Social Intelligence

The understood rules for acceptable and expected behavior are called ____.

Social Norms

Which branch of psychology is most directly concerned with the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another?

Social Psychology

Any event or situation that evokes a response is a ____.

Stimulus

Which of the basic emotions is facially expressed by brows raised, eyes widened, and mouth rounded in an oval shape?

Surprise

Which of the basic emotions is facially expressed with brows raced, wide eyes, and smile rounded in an oval shape?

Surprised

If research suggests that a pregnant mother uses an artificial sweetener to harm the fetus, the artificial sweetener would be considered a ____.

Teratogen

The most common tool for classifying psychological disorders is known as _____.

The DSM-5

The conception of psychological disorders as biologically based sicknesses is known as _____.

The Medical Model

Carl Jung emphasized the importance of _____ in personality functioning.

The collective unconscious

People's tendency to be helpful when already in a positive mood is called _____.

The feel-good, do-good phenomenon

First agreeing to a small request tends to make it more likely that you will later agree to a larger request. This is known as _____.

The foot-in-the-door phenomenon

According to Freud, the unconscious is ________.

The thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories of which we are largely unaware

A color's hue is determined by its ____.

Wavelength

Compared with men, women are ____ likely to report themselves open to feelings and ____ likely to express empathy.

more;more

A fertilized egg is called a ____.

zygote