PSYCH 100- Unit 10 quiz 1

In Martin Seligman's shuttle box experiments, the dog learned to jump over the barrier when the light came on, avoiding the ensuing shock. This is called: A) escape learning. B) learned helplessness. C) anticipation learning. D) avoidance learning.

D) avoidance learning.

In 1921, Hermann Rorschach introduced what has become the most widely used ________ test. A) empirically derived B) thematic apperception C) factor analytic D) projective

D) projective

The stability of personality during adulthood best illustrates the value of: A) unconditional positive regard. B) an external locus of control. C) the self-reference phenomenon. D) the trait perspective.

D) the trait perspective.

Jaydon doesn't realize that his alcohol abuse and neglect of his family is leading to the destruction of both family and career. A psychoanalyst would suggest that Jaydon shows signs of a: A) strong ego. B) weak id. C) strong superego. D) weak ego.

D) weak ego.

Sigmund Freud emphasized the importance of: A) unconscious processes. B) an external locus of control. C) factor analysis. D) reciprocal determinism.

A) unconscious processes.

Which personality test classifies people in terms of the personality dimensions highlighted by Carl Jung? A) Thematic Apperception Test B) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator C) Rorschach inkblot test D) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

B) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Carl Rogers suggested that those who fall far short of their ideal self experience: A) the self-reference phenomenon. B) a negative self-concept. C) an external locus of control. D) a weak superego.

B) a negative self-concept.

Researchers attempt to understand personality using biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis. The psychological level of analysis is especially likely to emphasize the importance of: A) erogenous zones. B) attributional style. C) ethnic background. D) a reactive temperament.

B) attributional style.

Self-actualized people, as described by Maslow, are especially likely to: A) demonstrate the self-reference phenomenon. B) be open and spontaneous. C) avoid political disagreements. D) enjoy many unusually close friendships.

B) be open and spontaneous

Which technique would psychologists use to assess whether a cluster of characteristics that includes ambition, determination, persistence, and self-reliance reflects a single personality trait? A) projective testing B) factor analysis C) empirically derived testing D) free association

B) factor analysis

The opposite of learned helplessness is: A) passivity. B) personal control. C) helpfulness. D) innate helplessness.

B) personal control.

According to Freud, fixation refers to a difficulty in the process of: A) free association. B) psychosexual development. C) projective testing. D) hypnosis.

B) psychosexual development.

Sarah's optimism is both a contributor to and a product of her successful career accomplishments. This best illustrates: A) the self-reference phenomenon. B) reciprocal determinism. C) unconditional positive regard. D) the spotlight effect.

B) reciprocal determinism.

Students perceive themselves as less likely than the average classmate to develop drinking problems or drop out of school. This best illustrates: A) the Barnum effect. B) the spotlight effect. C) the false consensus effect. D) unrealistic optimism.

B) the spotlight effect.

Humanistic psychology has been most closely associated with an emphasis on the importance of: A) empirically derived tests. B) reciprocal determinism. C) a positive self-concept. D) an external locus of control.

C) a positive self-concept.

Bonnie is afraid to express anger at her overbearing and irritating supervisor at work, so she is critical of her children instead. A psychoanalyst would suggest that Bonnie's reaction to her children illustrates: A) identification. B) reaction formation. C) displacement. D) projection.

C) displacement.

The humanistic perspective has been criticized for promoting an excessive degree of: A) factor analysis. B) pessimism. C) individualism. D) personality testing.

C) individualism.

Abraham Maslow studied the lives of Abraham Lincoln, Thomas Jefferson, and Eleanor Roosevelt in order to understand the nature of: A) reciprocal determinism. B) an internal locus of control. C) self-actualization. D) the false consensus effect.

C) self-actualization.

During a phone call to the Psychic Network, Mark was told that "you often worry about things much more than you admit, even to your best friends." Mark's amazement at the psychic's apparent understanding of his personality best illustrates: A) the spotlight effect. B) an external locus of control. C) the Barnum effect. D) the self-reference phenomenon.

C) the Barnum effect.

Researchers have found that ________ are more likely to develop serious depression stemming from learned helplessness and hopelessness than ________. A) teenagers; the elderly B) men; women C) women; men D) children; women

C) women; men