psych 101: chapter 7

ZAK, BOL, GID, YAF, and other nonsense syllables were used in some of the earliest studies of memory, conducted by __________.

Hermann Ebbinghaus

Without even noticing that you are doing it, what memory technique do you use to remember larger quantities of information, even though your short-term memory capacity only holds about nine bits of information?

chunking

which of the following statements is true

It is easier to implant a false memory that is plausible than one that is plausible

what is the general progression of memory loss of patients with Alzheimer's disease

Memory for recent events fades first, with distant memories usually being the last to go

that frustrating feeling that you know something but cannot pull it out of your brain at the moment you want it is known as the TOT phenomenon because

TOT stands for "tip-of-the-tongue"

which of the following is a compelling argument against the existence of repressed traumatic memories?

There is growing evidence that painful and disturbing memories are actually remembered well, and in fact, too well by the people that plagued with them

unintentional plagiarism has been attributed to________, which occurs when someone says they forgot having been exposed to the plagiarized material earlier and they thought they had created it themselves

cryptomnesia

The two primary reasons why short-term memories fade are __________ and __________.

decay; interference

In the 1920s, Karl Lashley hoped to discover the_____________, the actual physical trance of a memory in the brain. He later concluded that memories are not stored this way

engram

scientists devise__________ in order to ensure that the memories elicited in their false memory implantation experiments are actually false

existence proofs

More than 300 convicted prisoners to date have been released because DNA evidence showed they were innocent, despite confident testimony from __________.

eyewitnesses

the fact that people usually correctly remember where they were when they learned of the September 11, 2001, attacks but are less exact about what they were doing or who told them, leads researchers to believe that________, although not completely reliable, contain "substantial kernels of accuracy"

flashbulb memories

the primary cognitive impairments in patients with Alzheimer's disease are related to

language and memory

the connections among neurons gradually strengthen over time, and do so by means of repetitive stimulation. This process is known as

long-term potentiation

Which mental phenomenon can be defined as "the retention of information over time"?

memory

The brains of people with Alzheimer's disease contain senile plaques and_________, abnormalities that contribute to both synapse loss and the death of hippocampal and cerebral cortex

neurofibrillary tangles

Although using______ can sometimes lead to mistakes, they provide us with a frame of reference for interpreting new situations

schemas

Which of the following lists places the types of memory in order from the memory that is shortest to the memory that is longest

sensory memory; short-term memory; long- term memory

what type of graph would be used to illustrate the primacy and recency effects

serial position curve

when someone witnesses a crime in which a gun was involved, her or his description of the perpetrator's appearance can be flawed. This is often due to_________, a psychological process demonstrated in many experiments

weapon focus