Psych 101 Exam 3

No, because negative reinforcers increase desired behaviors.

Can negative reinforcers be punishers?

Conditioned taste aversion

Darren had eaten a cheeseburger right before he felt extremely nauseous from the flu. Now, every time Darren smells a cheeseburger he feels nauseous. In this scenario, what is Darren experiencing?

white fluffy objects

During the classic study of the power of conditioning techniques, John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner conditioned Little Albert to develop a fear of ___________.

Enduring changes in behavior that occur with experience

How do psychologists define learning?

long-term memory.

Memories of one's first pet and how to read reside in:

hippocampus

Memory consolidation takes place in the:

the growth of new neurons

Neurogenesis is ___________.

phonemic

Oscar is trying to remember the names of people he meets at his new job. He says he will remember the name of his co-worker Trish, because she always has a dish of candy on her desk, and "Trish" rhymes with "dish." This is an example of ______ processing.

decreasing the frequency of a behavior by adding or removing a stimulus.

Punishment involves:

conversion from short-term to long-term memory storage requires spaced repetition.

Researcher Eric Kandel's work with sea slugs showed that:

conditioned response (CR) that has been extinguished suddenly reappears.

Spontaneous recovery occurs when a(n):

amygdala

The ______ is involved in assigning emotional significance to events and is crucial in encoding information relevant to emotional experiences.

conditioned response

The behavior that an organism learns to perform when presented with a conditioned stimulus is termed as a(n) ______.

some behaviors are inherently more likely to be learned than others

The biological constraint model of learning suggests that ___________.

stimulus generalization

The extension of the association between the unconditioned and the conditioned stimulus to a broad array of similar stimuli is called ___________.

chunking

The string of digits 17749991941 is difficult for most people to remember, but breaking them up into 177, 999,1941 in a process called ____________ makes it easier.

behavior modification

Thelma is trying to quit smoking. Her therapist tells her to reward herself with a dollar every time she successfully fights off the craving for a cigarette. The therapist is using a ______ technique in helping Thelma to quit smoking.

the consequences of a behavior will affect the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated

Thorndike's law of effect states that ___________.

implicit memory.

When one knows or remembers something but does not consciously know that one remembers it, then one is said to be tapping into:

reinforced

When the consequences of a behavior increase the likelihood that a behavior will occur again, the behavior is ___________.

operant conditioning

Whenever Julia gets ready for school on time, she gets a chocolate from her mother. Hence, Julia always tries to get ready on time. This is an example of ______ type of learning.

When learning a list of items, people are better able to recall items at the beginning and end of the list; they tend to forget the items in the middle.

Which of the following can be described as a serial position effect?

It is the recovery of information stored in memory.

Which of the following is true about retrieval as a processing stage in long-term memory?

It noted that observation and modeling are major components of learning.

Which of the following is true with respect to Albert Bandura's social learning theory?

Retroactive

_____ interference occurs when new experiences or information causes people to forget previously learned experiences or information.

Proactive

_____ interference occurs when previously learned information interferes with the learning of new information.

False

_____ memories are memories for events that never happened, but were suggested by someone or something.

Short-term

_____________ memory is also called working memory, because it is the part of memory required to attend to and solve a problem at hand.

Iconic

______________ memory is a brief visual record left on the retina of the eye.

Semantic

______________ memory is our memory for facts and knowledge.