Psych 111 test 6
According to Carl Jung, which of the following best served the goal of self-reliazation
balance between extroversion and introversion
Cognitive processes refer to all characteristics previously learned: ____
beliefs and expectations
Which type of persuasion involves logic-driven arguments using data and facts to convince people of an arguments worthiness
central route
Which of the following clearly influenced Sigmund Freud's theory of development?
climate of sexual repression
Don knows that drinking too much liquor is a costly habit that is bad for his health, but he continues to drink large amounts of liquor. He also thinks he is a smart person that makes good choices. Don feels some psychological discomfort from this contradiction, which is also called ________.
cognitive
The ____ refers to the common psychological tendencies that have been passed down from one generation to the next
collective unconsciousness
Fantasia believes that people with blue eyes are somehow more creative than other people. Whenever Fantasia encounters a person that has blue eyes and is creative, she places greater importance on this evidence supporting her already existing belief. At the same time, Fantasia ignores any evidence that people without blue eyes might display exceptional creativity. This is called a ________.
confirmation bias
_____ a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar
congruence
Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?
denial
Suppose you are walking down a street. A woman has fallen down, but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. This is an example of
diffusion of responsibility
Mona works at a bank. When Luis, a Colombian male, arrives to drop off his paycheck she pretends to be busy and directs him to another teller. She does this whenever a non-White person wants assistance. This is an example
discrimination
The field of social psychology studies topics at the intrapersonal level. These topics include ________.
emotions and attitudes, the self and social cognition
A(an) ________ locus of control is the belief that our outcomes are outside of our control; an ________ locus of control is the belief that we control our own outcomes.
external;internal
Hans and Sybil Eysenck viewed people as having two specific personality dimensions: ________.
extroversion/introversion; neuroticism/stability
Which type of persuasion involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item
foot-in-the-door
which of the following is the best example of the foot- in the door technique of persuasion
getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether
How can parents help their children achieve high congruence
giving them unconditional love
_____ is the strenghthening of an original group of attitude after the discussion of views within a group
group polarization
Social psychology is a field that studies both interpersonal and intrapersonal behavior. Which of the following is an example of interpersonal behavior
group-processes
Based on the discussion in your text, which of the following statergies would effectively reduce prejudice between groups
having groups between under equal terms and cooperate on a task
_____ describes a proportion of difference among people that is attributed through genetics
heritability
Tammy has a positive view of challenges: She views them as tasks to be mastered. She develops a deep interest in and a strong commitment to becoming a good teacher. When she doesn't pass her first teaching praxis, she quickly recovers and works to overcome the setback. Albert Bandura would say Tammy has ________.
high self-efficacy
As the "third force" in psychology, ________ is touted as a reaction both to the pessimistic determinism of psychoanalysis and to the behaviorists' view of humans passively reacting to the environment.
humanism
Sigmund Freud suggested that people who are dominated by their ________ might be narcissistic and impulsive.
id
The Thematic Apperception Test(TAT) is a projective test
in which people are presented with ambigous images
Jasmin belongs to the chess club on her campus. She prefers to associate with other members of the chess club while avoiding people that do not belong to this group. Jasmin has a(n) ________ bias.
in-group
The _____ approach to the study of personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving
indigenous
What is the main point of the textbook discussion of Milgram's obedience study
individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person.
Which of the following best defines the Asch effect?
influence of the group majority on an individual's judgement
Nicole wants a cookie. Heather has a cookie. Nicole pushes Heather and takes her cookie. Nicole doesn't intend to hurt Heather, Nicole just wants the cookie. This is an example of ________.
instrumental aggression
Dan avoids applying to college because he doubts he can succeed. He is working a retail job, but he tends to focus on the things he does wrong. In fact, he has almost no confidence in his abilities, and when he experiences a setback at work he is ready to quit. Albert Bandura would say Dan has ________.
low self-efficacy
What is groupthink?
modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group concensus
Suppose you hate reality shows, but you pretend to like them in order to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by your friends, who all love reality television. This is an example of ________ social influence.
normative
which statement summarizes the main idea of reciprocal determinism
our behavior, cognitive processes, and situational context all influence each other
Self-efficacy is:
our level of confidence in our own abilities
An archetype is a ________.
pattern that exists in our collective unconscious across cultures and societies
Which type of persuasion involves an indirect route that relies on association of peripheral cues to associate positivity with a message
peripheral route
When it comes to social psychology, a script is a
person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting
Carl Jung referred to the ________ as the mask we adopt.
persona
how are the principles of reciprical determinism present in observational learning
personal factors determine which behaviors in the environment a person chooses to imitate
what is the main idea of the behavioral perspective on personality
personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside the organism
Dr. Grimes conducts a ________ by requesting that his patient respond to ambiguous stimuli, thus revealing hidden feelings, impulses, and desires.
projective test
Which of the following is not part of Albert Banduras social cognitive theory?
reaction formation
Heather and Mike share the household chores as equally as possible. They take turns with the cooking and driving their son to daycare. Both of them work outside the home, and each of them takes responsibility for child care one night a week to give the other one a break. We can say that their relationship has ________.
reciprocity
After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?
regression
In California, undocumented migrants are often blamed for high unemployment in the state, although statistics show that high unemployment is not related to the number of illegal migrants. In this example, illegal migrants are victims of ________: the act of blaming an out-group when the in-group experiences frustration or is blocked from obtaining a goal.
scapegoating
which of the following stratergies would effectively prevent groupthink from occuring
seeking outside opinions on group decisions
According to Abraham Maslow, the highest need is
self-actualization
Following an outcome, ________ are those attributions that enable us to see ourselves in favorable light.
self-serving bias
Penny gets an acting job on Friday that she attributes to her good acting. She doesn't get the next acting job; therefore, she blames the casting director for not wanting to hire a woman. This is an example of ________.
self-serving bias
Dale thinks that women shouldn't work outside the home and vows never to hire a woman at his bank. Dale's attitudes and planned course of action are ________.
sexist
David attempts to minimize the costs of his relationship with Daniel while maximizing benefits. He enjoys Daniel's company, but he tries to avoid helping him move. This is an example of the ________ theory.
social exchange
Travis is part of a group playing tug-of-war. He knows that his team is stronger, so he doesn't try as hard as he could. Travis is engaged in ________.
social loafing
What is the main point of the Stanford prison experiment?
social roles of powerful determinants of human behavior
What is a social role?
socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group
Fatima generalizes that all men are irresponsible players, cheaters, and liars. When it comes to men, Fatima may be applying ________: negative beliefs about individuals based solely on their membership in a group.
stereotypes
Which one of the following was one of Alfred Alder's main contributions to personality theory?
suggesting that our birth order shapes our personality
Which of the following stratergies would effectively reduce racism
teaching children to think independtly and challenge social norms that promote racism
Which of the following is an example of the self-fulfilling prophecy
telling someone with dyslexia she cannot learn to read, leading her to become illiterate even though she could learn to read with a bit of extra effort
Social exchange is people's desire to help other even if the costs outweigh the benfits
the phrase social exchange should be replaced by the word altruism
In Carl Jung's view, the task of integrating unconscious archetypal of the self is part of ____ in the second half of life
the self-realization process
Which statement about sternbergs triangular theory of love is most accurate
there are three components of love: intimacy passion and commitment
What is the advantage of applying learning approaches to the study of personality
they can be scientifically tested
_____ theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving
trait
Which of the following theorists is not neo-Freudian?
Albert Bandura
Who developed social-cognitive theory?
Albert-Bandura
What was the main idea behind Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development
An individual's personality develops throughout the lifespan.
Henry is juror number four in a murder trial. He believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote it becomes clear he is the only one that thinks this way. Henry votes not guilty along with the other jurors despite what he sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of the ________ effect.
Asch
What is the major flaw in the Asch conformity study
Asch ignored the importance of several factors influencing conformity- including race, class and gender
Because we have developed certain response tendencies, ________ believed that we demonstrate consistent behavior patterns.
B.F. Skinner
The traits openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism are key components of the
Five Factor Model
Asa is buying a gift for his mother, an overbearing woman who is difficult to please. When a clerk asks him who he is shopping for he replies, "my smother" instead of "my mother." What does this exemplify?
Freudian Slip
Who believed that our personality traits are influenced by our genetic inheritance?
Hans and Sybil Eysenck
What was the primary finding of the Minnesota Study of Twins reared apart
Identical twins, whether raised together or apart, have very similar personalities
Who proposed the locus of control concept?
Julian Rotter
Who suggested that men have womb envy because they cannot give birth
Karen Horney
Which statement about social psychology is most accurate
People's thoughts feelings and behaviors are influenced by social situation
The ____ Inkblot Test imploys a series of symmetrical inkblot cards that are presented to a client by a psychologist in an effort to reveal the person's unconscious desires, fears, and struggles.
Rorschach
Who developed the first comprehensive theory of personality?
Sigmund Freud
According to frustration-aggression theory, many of the perpetrators of racist acts feel angry because they cannot achieve their work or other goals.
Simon bites his mother
According to Sigmund Freud, unconscious drives influenced by sex and aggression and childhood socialization are the forces that influence our personality
The word socialization should be changed to the word sexuality
Why was Sigmund Freud trained as a medical doctor and not a psychologist?
There was no such thing as a degree in psychology when he recieved his education
Which of the following best exemplifies prosocial behavior
Tyler visits aunt once a week to bring her groceries
Who conducted the Stanford prison experiment?
Zimbardo
What was the major flaw in the stanford prison experiment
Zimbardo did not use a control group
Tom believes he is unable to stop gambling because his friends all gamble and are a bad influence; however, he believes that Barnaby is unable to stop gambling because Barnaby is addicted to gambling. This is an example of ________.
actor- observer bias
Billie is a(n) ____ because he believes people over age 65 should have their drivers license suspended, the elderly use up important social resources, and they occupy jobs that should belong to younger, more capable people.
ageist
Kim believed he failed his math class because the test was too hard, passed his psychology class because the professor passed every student in the class, and didn't get the internship because the manager didn't like him. Julian Rotter would say that Kim has ________.
an external locus of control
What is the just-world hypothesis?
an ideology common in the US that people get the outcomes they deserve
Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________.
an internal locus of control
Which of the following is the best example of peripheral route persusasion
anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use
Which of the following is the best example of central route persuasion?
anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each other
In Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory, behavior refers to
anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded
Which of the following is not a way we tend to think of personality? Our personalities ______
are mutable
A(n) ______ is the evaluation of or feelings toward a person, idea or object that are typically positive or negative
attitude
What is a major problem with the original Milgram Study
Milgram lied to his respondents, making his study borderline unethical
Carl Jung's view of extroverted and introverted types serves as a basis of the ________.
Myers-Brigg's type indicator
What is the main difference between Sigmund Freud and the neo-Freudians
Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex
