Psych 14

Mufasa has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. He has disorganized thinking and has trouble expressing his thoughts. He lacks the motivation to go outside. He also sees a flying dragon following him at times (hallucination). His disorganized thinking and trouble expressing thoughts could be described as this type of symptom:

Cognitive

When an individual's opinions, feelings, or behaviors start to move toward the group norm, that person is displaying:

Conformity

Which type of attribution is a person making when a person's behavior is attributed to a situation in the environment?

External

Gina is driving along her normal route when a police officer stops her and directs her to take a different route. She is not sure why she has to take the detour, but she does what the police officer tells her to do. The process that best explains Gina's actions in this instance is:

obedience

Amber has a favorable attitude toward the incumbent in the upcoming election because all her friends have said that the incumbent is the best candidate and the person they plan to vote for. In this case, Amber's attitude appears to have developed as a result of:

observational learning

Lana has a negative attitude toward most lawyers because she has often heard her parents speak poorly of lawyers in general. Lana's attitude appears to have developed through the process of:

observational learning

All of these are likely to be symptoms of panic attacks EXCEPT:

tasting watermelon

Which of the following is one of the components of an attitude?

the behavioral component

Diffusion of responsibility is least associated with this

fundamental attribution error

The percentage of people in Milgram's experiment on obedience that participated in the entire experiment:

60%

The management at NASA had clear evidence that freezing launch temperatures might pose a problem for the space shuttle launch, but the managers chose to ignore that evidence and proceeded with the launch. The process that would best explain what happened in this case is:

Groupthink

Mufasa has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. He has disorganized thinking and has trouble expressing his thoughts. He lacks the motivation to go outside. He also sees a flying dragon following him at times (hallucination). His lack of motivation to go outside could be described as this type of symptom:

Negative

Mufasa has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. He has disorganized thinking and has trouble expressing his thoughts. He lacks the motivation to go outside. He also sees a flying dragon following him at times (hallucination). His hallucination about a flying dragon could be described as this type of symptoms

Positive

During meetings, Wayne constantly taps his pen on the desk and counts silently to himself to divert his thoughts away from getting up and hitting the chair of the committee. Wayne's repetitive tapping and counting illustrate the concept of:

a compulsion

The bystander effect refers to:

a reluctance to come to the aid of someone in need, when other people are present

Doyle has never met Sierra, but he has heard that she is attractive and a lot of fun. When he calls her on the phone to arrange a date, he is charming and charismatic. In response to his manner, Sierra is poised and relaxed, just as he expected she would be. This situation illustrates the concept of:

a self-fulfilling prophecy

The process through which individuals are induced to act in ways that are consistent with expectations held by others is called:

a self-fulfilling prophecy

George attributed his success in chemistry to his great intelligence, but when he failed physics, it was because the teacher was impossible to understand. George's behavior best demonstrates:

a self-serving bias

Woody Allen's characters often interpret minor physical symptoms as major diseases. A headache means a brain tumor, and minor indigestion means stomach cancer. This type of behavior is characteristic of:

a somatic symptom disorder

Kass has experienced several recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that occurred suddenly and unexpectedly. She is now concerned about being in public because she is never sure when or where she will be overcome by anxiety. In this case, Kass is displaying symptoms consistent with:

agoraphobia

The anxiety disorder that causes people to restrict their movements, so they typically avoid crowded or public places, is:

agoraphobia

Svetlana just heard that her neighbor, Bart, was involved in an automobile accident at a nearby intersection. If Svetlana concludes that Bart's children distracted him, and this caused the accident, she has made:

an external attribution

A person who has a sibling who has just been diagnosed with schizophrenia has which of the following odds to develop schizophrenia?

approximately 1 in 10

Some mental health professionals have argued it is wrong to think of personality disorders as "disorders" in the same sense as a phobia or depression because personality disorders:

are more ingrained and less responsive to therapy

Stereotypes consist of:

beliefs about the personal traits and behaviors of individuals who belong to specific groups

Last month, Kiesha's mood was very low, she felt worthless, and considered suicide. This month, Kiesha has been racing around in a hyperactive state, making great plans, none of which is realistic or has been completed. She says she feels great, but her thinking isn't normal, and she tends to jump from one idea to another. Kiesha's symptoms are consistent with:

bipolar disorder

Greer and Neil have been married for 15 years. They have an extremely warm and trusting relationship and, even though Neil frequently travels on business, Greer never worries about his seeing other women. According to Hatfield and Berscheid, Greer and Neil share:

companionate love

Compelling needs to perform one or more actions are called:

compulsions

Ebony thinks the idea her boss has proposed for increasing sales is really stupid. She listens as six of her coworkers praise the idea, and when her boss asks Ebony for her opinion, she says: "The idea is great! I wish I would have thought of it." The process that would best explain why Ebony said the plan was great, even though she thought it was stupid, is:

conformity

Any behavior that violates the accepted standards of society would be considered:

culturally deviant

Carlin ran naked across center ice during the opening face-off in a playoff hockey game. When the police arrested him, he did not seem the least bit disturbed by his actions or by his subsequent arrest. In this example, Carlin's "streaking" would most likely be considered:

culturally deviant and psychologically abnormal

A reduction of personal responsibility experienced in groups/social collectives

diffusion of responsibility

Bipolar disorder involves:

disordered mood shifts in two directions

Psychological disorders characterized by the separation of conscious awareness from previous thoughts or memories are classified as:

dissociative disorders

The fraternity president began the meeting by stating that all new pledges should be required to live in the fraternity house for one year and that fees should be increased 25% to raise the money needed for a new game room. The group knew that this move might cause a reduction in the number of people willing to join, but they chose to ignore this and other problems and concentrated only on getting a consensus. Their behavior illustrates:

groupthink

When the members of a group seek consensus and ignore or suppress dissenting opinions, the process that is at work is called:

groupthink

Psychologists have noticed that agoraphobia is often associated with:

having previously experienced a panic attack in public

Glenna is always terrified of her neighbor's dog, but she is not terrified of the dog that lives down the street from her. In this example, Glenna's behavior has:

high distinctiveness

In bipolar disorder, manic states are:

hyperactive & euphoric periods

A person with a 1 in 2 chance of developing schizophrenia probably has a(n):

identical twin with schizophrenia

A jury is unconvinced by a man's lawyer that when he killed his wife, he did not understand what he was doing was legally or morally wrong. The lawyer has failed to convince the jury the man was:

insane

A person who commits a crime, but because of "mental disease" did not understand when committing the crime that the actions committed were legally or morally wrong, can be found by a jury to be:

insane

People who are prone to depression are more likely to explain negative events using:

internal, stable, global attributions

Which of the following is a correct statement with regard to the medical model?

labeling a psychological problem as an illness can lead to stigma

Nothing in a man's life seems to be going right. Since being laid-off, he has continually failed in his attempts at finding work, even though he's moved to different cities several times. Now he can't even seem to form new friendships. He has developed a sense of despair and is drifting into depression. This is related to the concept known as:

learned helplessness

The concept that depression begins when people repeatedly fail in their attempts to control the environment and they become passive is called:

learned helplessness

Groupthink involves a tendency for:

members of a group to seek consensus and ignore or suppress dissenting opinions

A young man dresses in a flamboyant manner and always attempts to be the center of attention. He brags about himself frequently to try and gain the admiration of others, and feels that others should always be willing to wait on him and meet his needs. He displays symptoms associated with a(n):

narcissistic personality disorder

Individuals who have an exaggerated sense of entitlement and attempt to be the focus of attention may have a(n):

narcissistic personality disorder

Creating completely new words without thinking about it is an example of what common element of disorganized speech in people suffering from schizophrenia?

neologisms

Some mental health professionals have argued it is wrong to think of personality disorders as "disorders" in the same sense as a phobia or depression because personality disorders are:

not problems that tend to appear and disappear over time

Max repeatedly worries that there will be an electrical fire, so he checks each light switch and electrical outlet and appliance several times a day. The checking is repetitive and ritualistic. Max rarely goes out because of his need to check the house. Max's problem is:

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Persistent and uncontrollable thoughts, accompanied by the compelling need to perform repetitive acts are likely to be classified as:

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Martin displays a behavior that is considered statistically deviant, which means the behavior:

occurs infrequently among the members of a population

Recurrent attacks of extremely intense fear or dread are likely to be classified as:

panic disorder

Which of the following is an incorrect statement regarding the DSM?

people are pigeonholed into a single diagnostic category

Obedience occurs whenever:

people respond to the orders of an authority figure

When an individual pays very little attention to the content of a persuasive message and focuses instead on superficial aspects of the message, the message is being processed using the:

peripheral route to persuasion

A highly focused, irrational fear of an object or situation is likely to be classified as:

phobic disorder

Laine is so afraid of airplanes and flying that he even experiences extreme anxiety when he watches a plane in a movie take off or land. In this case, it is likely that Laine would be classified as having:

phobic disorder

Usually when meeting a person for the first time, it is correct to assume that your first impression of them is most strongly influenced by:

physical appearance

Evaluating someone in a negative way, simply because of his or her membership in a particular group, would constitute:

prejudice

Evaluating someone in a positive way, simply because of her or his membership in a particular group, would constitute:

prejudice

Since Charles was young, he has believed that Canadians are arrogant, smug people. He only has to find out that a person is from Canada and he draws the conclusion that that person is arrogant and smug. Charles is displaying:

prejudice

Somatic symptom disorders involve:

psychological problems that focus on the physical body

Which of the following is NOT one of the components of Sternberg's triangular theory of love?

respect

Calvin notices that every time he eats out, he chooses a Mexican restaurant over a restaurant that serves burgers and fries. Consequently, Calvin decides he must really like Mexican food. Calvin's attitude can best be explained using:

self-perception theory

The theory that suggests we infer our attitudes from an observation of our own behavior is:

self-perception theory

If a person avoids social situations due to fears that they will do or say something embarrassing and that people around them will judge them, they are likely suffering from:

social anxiety disorder

Which of the following refers to one's having an enhanced performance when he or she performs in the presence of others?

social facilitation

Criticisms of the medical model of psychological disorders include the idea that:

some mental disorders have no well-defined or consistent physical cause

People who are prone to depression are more likely to explain negative events using which of the following attribution types:

stabel, global, internal

Any behavior that occurs infrequently among the members of a population would be considered:

statistically deviant

Carlos has an unfavorable attitude toward his landlord. He spends every Saturday night pouring over the classified ads trying to find a different apartment to rent. This action forms part of:

the behavioral component of Carlos' attitude toward his landlord

Caleb saw an elderly lady struggling with a number of packages in a crowded shopping center, but he didn't offer any help. His actions in this case are consistent with:

the bystander effect

When people explain their own behavior by providing internal attributions for actions that produce positive outcomes and external attributions for actions that produce negative outcomes:

they are showing a self-serving bias

Self-perception theory states that people:

use their own actions as a basis for inferring their internal beliefs

Georgia just met a woman who is like a twin sister. She likes the same things Georgia likes, she looks a little like Georgia, and she often starts to say the same thing as Georgia. Based on the research on interpersonal relationships, Georgia will probably:

very quickly become lasting friends with this person