Psych 22 quiz #3
Which of the following is NOT a step of the research process?
Adjust the original research question to align with the results of the study
Which of the following is typical of quantitative research? It involves measuring variables for each individual. It uses statistical analysis to summarize and interpret results. Correct! All of the above. It usually involves numerical scores.
All of the above
A researcher recruits a sample of 25 preschool children for a research study by posting an announcement in a local daycare center describing the study and offering a $10 payment for participation. What kind of sampling is the researcher using?
Convenience sampling
True or False: One of the strengths of the empirical method is that it provides an easy, direct way to answer questions. It is safe to place confidence in our own observations.
False
What kind of reasoning uses a few specific observations to produce a general hypothesis?
Inductive reasoning
A researcher would like to select a sample of 50 people so that five different age groups are equally represented in the sample. Assuming that the researcher does not know the entire list of people in the population, which sampling technique should be used?
Quota sampling
If each person in a large group has an equal chance of being included in an experiment, then what kind of sampling is being used?
Random sampling
Last year Tim and his friend Jack were both too short to ride the roller coaster. Jack went to the park this year and was tall enough to ride. Tim knows that he is taller than Jack, so he knows that he will be able to ride the roller coaster as well. Which method of knowing is Tim using?
Rational method
A researcher would like to describe and compare the attitudes of four different ethnic groups of students at a local state college. What kind of sampling would be best to obtain participants for the study?
Stratified random sampling
In a true experimental research the researcher's biases and beliefs do not influence the outcome of the study.
True
True or False: If the individuals are human, they are called participants. Nonhumans are called subjects.
True
`The scientific method is...
a method of acquiring knowledge that uses observations to develop a hypothesis, and then uses the hypothesis to make logical predictions that can be empirically tested by making additional, systematic observations.
A biased sample is...
a sample with different characteristics from those of the population.
A representative sample is...
a sample with the same characteristics as the population.
Which of the following sampling techniques is most likely to result in a biased sample? Proportionate stratified random sampling Convenience sampling Simple random sampling Systematic sampling
Convenience sampling
True or False Nonprobability sampling techniques include Systematic and Cluster Sampling.
False
True or False: Inductive reasoning requires many observations to generate a general hypothesis.
False
Which of the following is NOT one of the three important principles of the scientific method?
It is efficient
Which method of knowing is being used by a student who believes that his performance on tests is influenced by wearing a lucky hat?
The method of tenacity
In the method of authority...
a person relies on information or answers from an expert in the subject area.
A sample is...
a set of individuals selected from a population and usually intended to represent the population in a research study.
Scientific knowledge is advanced through a process known as ________.
the scientific method
What name is given to the group of individuals from which researchers actually select participants for research studies?
accessible population
In the method of tenacity...
information is accepted as true because it has always been believed or because superstition supports it.
In probability sampling, the entire population is...
known, each individual in the population has a specifiable probability of selection, and sampling occurs by a random process based on the probabilities.
In nonprobability sampling, the population is...
not completely known, individual probabilities cannot be known, and the sampling method is based on factors such as commonsense or ease, with an effort to maintain representativeness and avoid bias.
Selection bias or sampling bias occurs when...
participants or subjects are selected in a manner that increases the probability of obtaining a biased sample.
A researcher conducts a study in which 50 college students are assigned to different treatments and tested. In the study, the students are called
research participants.
A population is...
the entire set of individuals of interest to a researcher. Although the entire population usually does not participate in a research study, the results from the study are generalized to the entire population.
The representativeness of a sample refers to...
the extent to which the characteristics of the sample accurately reflect the characteristics of the population.