Psych 354 Final Exam (chapters 1-14)
What was the average Social Security benefit in June 2019? A. 2,100 B. 1,471 C. 3,912 D. 4,010
1,471
Approximately _____% of adults 85 and older currently reside in nursing homes. 36 13 2 45
13
In 2003, _________ of workers were doing some or all of their work at home. In 2016, ________ of people were doing some work at home. A. 5% // 19% B. 19% // 22% C. 12% // 50% D. 33% // 13%
19% 22%
Baby Boomers were born in which span of years? A. 1929-1941 B. 1895- 1924 C. 1945-1964 D. 1973-1996
1945-1964
Among the population in the U.S. who are 60 years and older, approximately ____% have experienced major depressive disorder at some point during their lives. A. 26 B. 48 C. 14 D. 2
2
Which of the following is true about the issues of grandparenting that we examined in class? 4% of older Americans with children are grandparents. Grandparents who are raising their grandchildren get more financial benefits than non-kin foster parents. 33% of "grandfamilies" live below the poverty line. The expectations for the grandparenting role are as clear as they are for the parenting role.
4% of older Americans with children are grandparents.
A woman who has just turned 85 feels that everyone she meets treats her with less respect than she feels she used to have when she was younger. This woman sees herself as the target of: A. accommodation. B. socialism. C. disengagement. D. ageism.
Ageism
Ethel, the mum in "Mum and Me" has____________. Parkinson's Alzheimer's COPD lung cancer
Alzheimers
Who is nigel marsh? A. A researcher who claims arranged marriages would be good for the US. B. An advocate for closing the gender wage-gap. C. An advocate of getting and maintaining a healthy work-life balance. D. A man who just retired at the age of 94.
An advocate of getting and maintaining a healthy work-life balance.
Anna was having a hard time studying for her midterms this week. She wants to work hard and do well in her courses but she also wants to have fun on Halloween. Her roommate, Elvira, keeps putting on her devil costume and says "come on Anna, go out with me!" How can we apply Freud's iceberg analogy to Anna's dilemma so she can best resolve the situation? Answers: Anna just needs to lock herself in her bedroom and let her superego take over. Anna should draw on the strength of her reality principle: study hard, and watch a scary movie on Halloween. Anna should let her id have some fun and eat a whole bag of candy. Anna needs to tell Elvira, "you are right, let me put on my devil outfit and we will PARTY!!"
Anna should draw on the strength of her reality principle: study hard, and watch a scary movie on Halloween.
Of the following, which category of disorders has the highest lifetime prevalence? A. Depression B. Anxiety C. Schizophrenia D. Personality
Anxiety
Which of the following most accurately represents the definition of elder maltreatment? A. Any maltreatment of persons age 65 and older perpetrated by a loved one. B. Any abuse and neglect of persons age 60 and older by a person in a relationship involving an expectation of trust. C. Any physical or psychological abuse of persons age 60 and older by a person in a relationship involving an expectation of trust. D. Any abuse or neglect of persons age 70 and older.
Any abuse and neglect of persons age 60 and older by a person in a relationship involving an expectation of trust
Studies on memory controllability show that when older adults believe they can control their memories they: A.become more depressed and actually perform more poorly. B. tend to perform well initially but then decline more rapidly. C. are more likely to use strategies that improve their memory. D. become more preoccupied about developing dementia.
Are more likely to use strategies that improve their memory
According to a Mental Health America survey on attitudes and beliefs about clinical depression: A. 8% believe that it is "normal" to get depressed as they grow older. B. As a result of fearing mental health issues, many older adults don't get the treatment they need. C. 28% know little or almost nothing about depression. D. Older adults are more likely than any other group to seek out a therapist.
As a result of fearing mental health issues, many older adults don't get the treatment they need.
Having unusually strong muscles, a fit cardiovascular system, and good mobility would signify that an older adult has a younger _____________ age. A. biological B. normative C. qualitative D. maturational
Biological
The combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema is given the term ____________. Acute pulmonary inflammation. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Elastase resistance dysfunction. Chronic respiratory syndrome.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Which psychological disorders are most prevalent among residents of nursing homes? A. schizophrenia B. anxiety C. stress-related D. cognitive impairment
Cognitive impairment
The process of life review, in which the individual reconsiders past life events, is associated with which of Erikson's psychosocial stages? Basic trust vs. mistrust Ego integrity vs. despair Identity achievement vs. diffusion Generativity vs. stagnation
Ego integrity vs. despair
Cigarette smoking increases the risk of developing COPD due to its effects on which enzyme? Cholinesterase. Glucagon. Presenilin. Elastase.
Elastase
According to socioemotional selectivity theory, older people are most likely to value which function of relationships? A. Familial B. Emotional C. Cognitive D. Information
Emotional
T/F Younger adults are less similar to each other than are older adults.
False
T/F- About 46% of Americans 65+ live alone.
False
T/F- As we can see from the comments made by the elderly men and women in the "wisdom" video, having gathered many material possessions is the key to having a life well-lived.
False
T/F- Based on the chart we looked at in class, Americans work fewer hours per week than people in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom.
False
T/F- Research on intelligence patterns over the years from early to later adulthood shows the greatest increase in fluid intelligence.
False
T/F- The widowhood effect is especially hard for women
False
Which of the following was not among the correlates to elder abuse we examined in class? An attitude of "what goes around, comes around". Financial dependency of the caregiver. Gender and age of the caregiver. Caregiver lacks skills or resources.
Gender and age of the caregiver
Howie and Holly, a couple in their 60s, decide to retire and join the Peace Corps. They wish to serve others who are need so they can "make a difference" in the world. According to Erikson, this couple would be attempting to resolve which psychosocial issue? Basic trust vs. mistrust. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt. Generousness vs. selfishness. Generativity vs. stagnation
Generativity vs. stagnation
According to the attentional resources theory of aging, older adults do more poorly on attentional tasks because they: have little interest in devoting mental energy to lab tasks. suffer from interference when trying to handle too much information. use the wrong areas of the brain to process information. have limited processing energy for handling new information.
Have limited processing energy fro handling new information
Which type of care for older adults provides such services as Meals on Wheels, friendly visiting, assistance with household tasks, and rehabilitation, outside of an institutional setting? Partial day hospital Adult day care Home health services Respite services
Home health services
Which U.S. President is responsible for enacting the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in the U.S., intended to reform healthcare, including the funding of Medicare? A. Franklin Roosevelt B. Barack Obama C. Donald Trump D. Lyndon Johnson
Lyndon Johnson
Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding gender differences and leisure time? A. Men tend to spend more time in leisure activities than women. B. Men and women tend to spend the same amount of time in leisure activities. C. Women tend to spend more time in leisure activities than men. D. There are not enough valid data here to draw conclusions.
Men tend to spend more time in leisure activities than women.
The majority of employees of nursing homes fall into which category? A. Nurse's aides B. Physician's assistants C. Registered nurses D. Licensed practical nurses
Nurse's aides
Which of the following is true about people 65 and older who are married? A. Older Hispanic men are more likely to be married than older Hispanic women. B. They all wish they were not married. C. In general, older women are more likely to be married than older men. D. Older Black men are more likely than older White men to be married.
Older Hispanic men are more likely to be married than older Hispanic women.
Which of the following statements about aging and digestion is true? Regular use of laxatives by older adults is necessary for digestive health. Older adults can benefit from eating food high in fiber. Social factors have little effect on the dietary patterns of older adults Hormones are needed to maintain regular digestion in later life.
Older adults can benefit from eating food high in fiber
Dr. Green hypothesized that Americans over the age of 60 are more likely to eat beef than to eat fish. The dependent variable in this study is: A. Beef B. Fish C. Preference for beef or fish D. Age
Preference for beef or fish
Benny is 70-years-old and now unable to hear sounds that are high in pitch such as the playing of a violin or the songs of a soprano. Benny likely suffers from: Presbycusis. Presbyopia. Presbyaudio. Tinnitus.
Presbycusis
Your older relative seems to have no difficulty recalling the events on the night of her high school prom. In fact, when you look at her photos in her album, her memory seems very accurate and also fits with what her friends said about what they did that night. Your relative is showing the effect known as the: A. remote memory boost. B. prospective recall effect. C.reminiscence bump. D. long-term memory slope.
Reminiscence bump
Day services for older adults that allow caregivers to attend to their job or household responsibilities are known as: A. respite care. B. partial treatment. C. friendly visiting. D. home health assistance.
Respite Care
Behaviors known to increase the risk for developing cardiovascular disease include which of the following? Overexposure to the sun. High intake of olive oil. Sedentary lifestyle. Lack of vitamin D intake.
Sedentary lifestyle
Which of the following is an appropriate modification that clinicians should use when assessing older adult clients? A. Taking physical limitations of the client into account such as arthritis. B. Turning the lights in the room down to reduce the client's stress levels. C. Skipping questions on a standardized measure to reduce total testing time. D. Speaking in as soft a voice as possible so that clients don't feel stressed.
Taking physical limitations of the client into account such as arthritis.
Where does the US stack up amongst other "rich" nations when it comes to paid vacation time? A. Not the best or worst; we are about in the middle. B. The US has the most paid days off per year. C. The US is the worst among the nations we looked at. D. It's impossible to say because the US has excellent, free, day care to compensate.
The US is the worst among the nations we looked at
A marriage therapist working from the social exchange theory of interpersonal relationships would attempt to assess whether the partners in a distressed couple feel that: A. each is contributing equally to the relationship. B. they share many of the same tastes and interests. C. their behaviors reflect constructive patterns of interactions. D. the rewards of the relationship outweigh the costs.
The rewards of the relationship outweigh the costs
Which of the following is a correct interpretation of Erikson's epigenetic principle? A. There is a series of stages that unfold from each other throughout life. B. The final three stages are not as important as the first five stages. C. The only possible psychosocial issue faced by college students involves identity. D. Resolution of early childhood stages does not affect resolution of later stages.
There is a series of stages that unfold from each other throughout life.
Alcohol or drug dependence is one type of self-neglect among elders
True
T /F- The biopsychosocial model can be used to understand how people adjust to retirement.
True
T/F - The cohort a person belongs to could certainly be correlated to characteristics like knowledge of technology and physical health but is is not a cause of those characteristics
True
T/F According to the principles of intraindividual and interindividual variability, the rates of each type of aging vary within individuals and from person to person.
True
T/F- One suggestion given to improve institutional care is to reinforce the residents' independent behavior to reduce dependence on staff.
True
T/F- Some US workers do not use their paid vacation days because they don't want to fall behind in their work.
True
T/F- Taking away an elderly person's driver's license can lead the person to feel a loss of independence, and that loss of independence is something many seniors fear.
True
T/F- There are a set of criteria used to determine whether someone is exhibiting "abnormal" behavior. One such criterion is "engaging in behavior that's socially or culturally unacceptable."
True
T/F- You were asked to watch a video about a long-term relationship that exemplifies what we should all be so lucky to have. This couple exhibits love, support, and communication.
True
Dr. Walter is a researcher studying the effects of cognitive changes on language ability in older adults. His findings, like many others in the literature, suggest that as people get older their language is negatively affected by changes in: memory for vocabulary words. interest in speaking to other people. ability to hold information in working memory. ability to use and understand grammar.
ability to hold information in working memory
The decrease with age in the hormone known as DHEA is referred to specifically as: melanopause adrenopause corticopause estrogenopause
adrenopause
Researchers have demonstrated that improved cognitive performance in older adults is linked to which lifestyle habit? A. aerobic exercise B. chronic stress exposure C. television watching D. high-fat diet
aerobic exercise
Psychologists may fail to recognize the symptoms of major depressive disorder in an older adult because they mistakenly assume that: A. aging is naturally accompanied by greater feelings of sadness. B. there are no viable treatments that could help depressed older adults. C. symptoms of depression in older adults are caused by dementia. D. older adults who seem depressed are likely to have an anxiety disorder.
aging is naturally accompanied by greater feelings of sadness.
The loss of hair associated with aging due to hormonal changes is known as: lipoprotenia lipolysis. ostopenia orthologica. melatonin minimization. alopecia androgenica
alopecia androgenica
A middle-aged man, currently unattached, finds himself constantly longing to be as close as possible to his romantic partners. Eventually, his partners always leave him because he seems to be so clingy. Which type of attachment style does this man seem to have? A. defensive B. anxious C. secure D. extraverted
anxious
Which personality theory places the greatest emphasis on the role of one's parental relationship in infancy and childhood as an influence on adult development? A. attachment B. informational C. coping D. extraversion
attachment
The role of grand-parenting to aging individuals is shown by researchers to: A. be more important to men than women. B. decrease as children grow older. C. be important to their mental health. D. affect older more than younger adults.
be important to their mental health
In equity theory, partners are seen as having the highest marital satisfaction if they: evaluate the costs of being in the couple as greater than the benefits. come from similar backgrounds and have similar values. have a complementary set of social attitudes and values. believe they are each contributing similarly to the relationship.
believe they are each contributing similarly to the relationship.
The term _________ refers to a clouding of the lens of the eye, a condition that affects many older adults. opacity cochlea cornea cataract
cataract
A psychological factor affecting the driving performance of older adults is: A. changes in decision-time speed B. changes in speed limits on highways C. concern expressed by family members D. lack of adequate public transportation
changes in decision-time speed
The term "biopsychosocial" in referring to development means that: A. the period of infancy is regarded as most important. B. later life is seen as involving inevitable decline. C. change is understood from an integrative perspective. D. greater emphasis is given to biological factors.
changes is understood from an integrated perspective
Which of the following is not one of the psychological aspects discussed in the lecture? A. problems with substance abuse may occur B. children become too pampered C. lowered psychological health is common D. there tends to be an increase in negative life events
children become too pampered
Changes in melatonin with age are thought to be related to which aspect of physical functioning in adulthood? metabolic rate regulation of glucose circadian rhythm urinary functioning
circadian rhythm
According to the General Slowing Hypothesis, older people perform more slowly on reaction time tasks because they are experiencing changes in: A. desire to succeed B. memory controllability C. stereotype threat D. cognitive resourses
cognitive resources
An older adult who hoards unnecessary objects to the point that the home has become cluttered and unhealthy would be considered to have a psychological disorder because: A. other people might complain about the accumulation of dirt. B. this behavior presents a risk to the individual's quality of life. C. the behavior cannot be treated with psychotherapy. D. collecting unnecessary items inherently reflects a disturbance.
collecting unnecessary items inherently reflects a disturbance.
In Loevinger's theory, which is the highest level of ego development seen among adults in our society? stability-change primary-secondary inhibitionist-exhibitionist conformist-conscientious
conformist-conscientious
The notion that development in later life builds upon changes that occurred earlier in development is known as the principle of A. continuity of changes. B. primary aging. C. inter-individual differences. D. survival of the fittest.
continuity of changes
Mental health workers who serve the older adult population are concerned about the skip generation family because they believe it has the potential to: cause older adults to feel isolated from their grandchildren. decrease affectional bonds between grandparents and grandchildren. create undue caregiving burden in grandparents. lead grandchildren to develop intellectual deficits.
create undue caregiving burden in grandparents.
Research on intelligence patterns over the years from early to later adulthood shows the greatest increase in which type of abilities? crystallized multiple liquid solidified
crystallized
The context processing theory of attention and aging attributes the effects of aging to: A. difficulty taking advantage of all the information available in a set of stimuli. B. inability to search for more than one stimulus at a time in an array. C. difficulty maintaining attention to a stream of incoming stimuli. D. inability to divide attention to two sets of incoming stimuli.
difficulty taking advantage of all the information available in a set of stimuli.
Forgetting something just read emerges in which stage of alzheimer's disease? early middle pre late
early
Changes in the _________ fibers of the dermis contribute to the wrinkling of the skin. elastin dermin vascular melanin
elastin
An advantage of the Green House model of institutional care for older adults is that it: A. allows residents the opportunity to care for each other. B. feels more like a home than a traditional nursing home. C. does not require residents to have full-time nursing staff. D. is designed to house residents in large, uncluttered hallways.
feels more like a home than a traditional nursing home
According to the aging and memory "scorecard," older adults have difficulty in which of the following memory tasks? prospective flashbulb implicit autobiographical
flashbulb
Research comparing younger and older adults on __________ memory, or recall of distinctive events, shows that there are few age differences. A. Flashbulb B. lightning C. Scaffolding D. Rehearsed
flashbulb
The majority of nursing homes in the U.S. fall into which category of ownership? religious for-profit non-profit government
for-profit
Dr. Byrd hypothesized that people who lived in the Southeast regions of the United States during the first 5 years of their life would be less likely to need dentures than people who spent their first 5 years in the Southwest or Midwest. The independent variable in this study is: Whether one will need dentures. Living in the Southeast. Geographical region of the U.S. Age.
geographical region of the U.S
Due to presbyopia, 65-year-old Anne needs to use: a walking stick. hearing aids. binoculars. glasses
glasses
According to the resource model of retirement adjustment, people are able to handle retirement more successfully if they: A. were in working class jobs that didn't interest them. B. retire very suddenly without much advance preparation. C. are in need of attention and concern by their children. D. have a number of areas of life in which they are active.
have a number of areas of life in which they are active
The modernization theory says negative attitudes toward older adults increase with societal: feminism agrarianism illiteracy industrialization
industrialization
the most prevalent sleep problem for older adults is: narcolepsy insomnia circadismia hypervigilance
insomnia
Franklin is 67-years-old, has a high sense of self-esteem, feels that his/her life has been successful, and although he/she is happily married and has a loving family, Franklin also enjoys time pursuing personal interests and needs. According to the personality theorist Loevinger, Franklin has successfully resolved which stage of development? A. Sublimation B. Procedural C. Post-formal D. Integrated
integrated
The number one deficiency in U.S nursing homes in 2014, involving 43% of all institutions, was: A. lack of infection control. B. poor food sanitation. C. unnecessary drugs. D.unqualified personnel.
lack of infection control
Today, most psychologists accept the idea that human development goes on throughout life. This concept of development as lifelong is called the _______________ approach. qualitative lifespan nature - nurture biopsychosocial
lifespan
Because he is experiencing sarcopenia, Mr.Schriever is most likely to have difficulty performing which type of activity? singing karaoke reading a newspaper lifting weights digesting sweets
lifting weights
Which of the following is not among the research methods described in your text book? A. surveys B. limited consent C. Focus groups D. Archival
limited consent
Behavioral and health factors such as poor fitness level, tooth loss, hip fracture, obesity, and arthritis place an older adult at greater risk for which psychological disorder? Schizophrenia post-traumatic Stress disorder borderline personality disorder
major depressive disorder
Ted is a 76-year-old man who has just had a car accident in which he was the driver. It is most likely that his accident involved: A. driving at an excessively high speed. B. making a left-hand turn into oncoming traffic. C. swerving from one lane to the next. D. driving under the influence of alcohol.
making a left-hand turn into oncoming traffic
As a young adult, Sabine showed extreme symptoms of the personality disorder known as narcissism involving extremes of self-interest. However, as she has gotten older, she seems to be less self-centered and her symptoms have subsided. Sabine's changes are an example of the _______________ hypothesis of aging and personality disorders. A. antisocial B. cluster C. egocentricity D. maturation
maturation
The idea that the status of older people in society diminishes as that society becomes increasingly industrialized is known as the ____________ theory of ageism. possible selves multiple jeopardy inoculation modernization
modernization
he 2002 Nursing Home Quality Initiative proposed that nursing homes hire volunteers to serve as ____________ in order to help protect resident rights. ombudspersons surveyers enforcers legal advisors
ombudspersons
The plasticity model of the nervous system proposes that: our environment contributes to preserved brain function as we age. synaptic connections in the brain grow with increasing age and experience in life. areas in the brain become less flexible as people grow older. aging involves a continuous loss of synapses in the central nervous system
our environment contributes to preserved brain function as we age
Symptoms of depression in persons over the age of 65 are more likely to take which form compared to symptoms shown in younger adults? A. sadness and crying B. Guilt and low self-esteem C. suicidal thoughts D. Physical complaints
physical complaints
Clumps of dead neurons found in the brain of people with Alzheimer's disease are known as amyloid _______. pockets plaques intensification tangles
plaques
Within the competence-press model of adaptation to the institutional environment, which dimension captures the extent to which the environment places demands on the individual resident? A. Press B. Restraint C. Respite D. Competence
press
Research and theories about changes in defense mechanisms in adulthood are based on which theoretical perspective? A. psychodynamic B. social cognitive C. Trait D. Cognitive
psychodynamic
The widowhood effect refers to the finding that individuals whose spouses die, compared to those still married, have higher: A. rates of dying from all causes. B. involvement in their communities. C. ratings of relationships with children. D. percentages of "good" cholesterol.
rates of dying from all causes
The risk of developing colon cancer is higher in countries in which people consume large amounts of: red meat. red wine. vegetables. citrus fruit.
red meat
The "anniversary reaction," as applied to widowhood, refers to the: renewed feelings of loss near the date of the spouse's death. unwillingness of widows to date for a year after the spouse's death. feelings of relief after a long period of caregiving has ended. increase in mortality in the months following loss of a spouse.
renewed feelings of loss near the date of the spouse's death.
Red wine is thought to reduce the rate of aging because it contains ____________. resveratrol anadamide lycopene carotenoids
resveratrol
According to the continuity theory of retirement: A. when older workers retire their loss of income causes stress, leading them to seek re-entry into the labor force. B. loss of the work role is devastating to the individual's sense of identity and relationships. C. retirees maintain a sense of identity, therefore don't experience retirement in a negative manner. D. workers who stay connected with their coworkers have more difficult retirement experiences.
retirees maintain a sense of identity, therefore don't experience retirement in a negative manner.
Studies in which older adults are given memory training report that improving an older adult's __________ can be highly beneficial to boosting performance. A. implicit theories B. self-efficacy C. stereotype threat D. identity accommodation
self-efficacy
The most commonly reported form of elder mistreatment is: self-neglect abandonment medical neglect physical abuse
self-neglect
Which type of memory functioning is generally preserved in later adulthood? A. speeded B. source C. semantic D. working
semantic
In the language and aging "scorecard," a factor that helps to preserve language use in later adulthood is: A. cognitive speed B. Reading rate C. semantic memory D. working memory
semantic memory
Mrs. Dahl is a 75-year-old woman who can't figure out why she's getting shorter as she gets older. Her decrease in height is most likely due to: shrinking of the vertebrae. reduction of fat free body mass. rigidification of her arteries. thinning of her cartilage.
shrinking of the vertebrae
An institutional facility that provides the most intensive level of care to residents is called a(n): intermediate care facility. assisted living home. geriatric partial day hospital. skilled nursing facility.
skilled nursing facility
Ranee enters graduate school in her 40s, much later than most of her friends, who either never went to graduate school or are finished with their degrees. Ranee would be considered to have an "off-time" _______ clock: stereotype normative genetic social
social
The five factor model of personality fits into which overall category of psychological theories? A. trait B. cognitive C. neo-behaviorist D. psychodynamic
trait
T/F- At least 500,000, perhaps 2,000,000 older adults are maltreated each year.
true
According to the inhibitory deficit hypothesis, older adults have more memory problems because they are unable to: provide a fast and accurate response. divide their attention between tasks. tune out irrelevant information. remember where they learned something.
tune our irrelevant information
Neurofibrillary tangles cause _________ in neurons affected by Alzheimer's disease. overgrowth of dendrites perforation twisting of the microtubules myelination
twisting of the microtubules
The highest rate of suicides, adjusted for age, among all groups in the United States is for: A. Black males 25-34. B. White males 18 and younger. C. Black females 65-74. D. White males 85 and older.
white males 85 and older
In class, __________ was partially defined as a incorporating tolerance for the uncertainties of life as well as its ups and downs and having an awareness of how things play out over time. A. premonition B. Balance C. Equilibrium D. Wisdom
wisdom
A study of Canadian parents showed that the greatest difficulty in adapting to the empty nest was experienced by parents who: A. strongly identify with their vocational roles. B. feel that it's time to release control over their children. C. wish they could relive their own earlier days of youth. D. believe that the world is a dangerous and threatening place.
wish they could relive their own earlier days of youth.
George is 67 years old. Using the divisions of the over-65 population, he would be referred to as: old-old young-old. super-centenarian. oldest-old.
young-old