PSYCH 381 Final

Which of the following was developed by William Miller to elicit and solidify clients' motivation and commitment to changing their substance use?

motivational interviewing

During opioid intoxication, a person may experience periods of light sleep with vivid dreams. A person in this state is referred to as being:

on the nod

Available studies suggest that about ____ admissions to inpatient psychiatric facilities in the United States is involuntary.

one in four

The insanity defense:

only requires that the person be judged insane at the time of committing the illegal act.

Morphine, heroin, codeine, and methadone are all:

opioids

If a client is in _____ therapy, the therapist might explore the origins of the client's attitudes about sexual techniques in earlier relationships.

psychodynamic

Another word for a sociopath is:

psychopath

All of the following are pathological personality traits associated with borderline personality disorder in the DSM-5 EXCEPT:

psychoticism

Analysis of brain-wave activity suggests that there are five stages of sleep: four differing depths of sleep and a fifth stage, known as:

rapid eye movement

Dreaming occurs during the:

rapid eye movement sleep

A verdict of guilty but mentally ill (GBMI) implies that the person should:

receive treatment.

Perry has been diagnosed with profound intellectual disability. His treatment consists of behavioral therapy and drug treatments. His psychiatrist has prescribed risperidone which helps to:

reduce aggression and self-injurious behaviors.

The goals of guided mastery techniques are to increase people's skills as well as their:

self-efficacy beliefs.

Which of the following behaviors is typically associated with bulimia?

self-induced vomiting

Dimitri tends to move his body in a repetitive manner such as waving his hands. These behaviors sometimes are referred to as _____.

self-stimulatory behaviors

Some children perform stereotyped and repetitive behaviors using some parts of their body, such as incessantly flapping their hands or banging their head against a wall. These behaviors sometimes are referred to as _____.

self-stimulatory behaviors

Tariq is 12 years old and often stays out late at night despite his parents grounding him; he has also run away from home and been gone overnight and often doesn't go to school. These behaviors are all criteria for conduct disorder under _____.

serious violations of rules

Most of the pharmacological treatments for intermittent explosion disorder target levels of:

serotonin

Two drugs currently approved in the United States for weight loss are:

sibutramine and orlistat

People with schizotypal personality disorder are more likely than orders to have unusual beliefs about the:

significance of random events.

The behavioral component of cognitive-behavioral interventions for insomnia includes _____, which is, controlling conditions that might interfere with sleep.

stimulus control

Which of the following is the social/environmental factor most often studied by health psychologists?

stress

Research suggests that _____ problems are strong predictors of violent behavior.

substance abuse

The diagnosis of _____ is given in the DSM-5 when a person's recurrent use of a substance results in significant harmful consequences.

substance abuse

The ruling in Durham v. United States (1954) established:

that the insanity defense could be used for any crimes that were the product of a mental disease or mental defect.

One of the most celebrated applications of the notion of diminished capacity was _____.

the Twinkie Defense

Amenorrhea refers to:

the absence of menstrual periods

The DSM-IVTR had a classification for both autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Asperger's disorder arguing that in the latter,:

there are no significant delays or deviances in language

According to Hilde Bruch, which of the following is NOT true of parents of girls who develop anorexia nervosa?

they allow their daughters to express negative feelings

Most men who engage in cross-dressing report that:

they find dressing in women's clothes arousing.

When does obstructive sleep apnea occur?

when airflow is stopped due to a narrow airway or an obstruction in the airway

The criterion of "dangerousness to self" is most often invoked:

when it is believed that a person is imminently suicidal.

Approximately _____ of women experience report frequent pain during intercourse.

12 to 39

Major depression occurs in _____ percent of hospitalized patients with coronary heart disease.

15 to 20

In the United States, young adults between _____ have the highest rates of alcohol consumption and make up the largest proportion of problem drinkers of any age group.

18 and 24

Alois Alzheimer first described a type of dementia that is now known as Alzheimer's disease in _____.

1906

As many as _____ of cases of male erectile disorder are caused by medical conditions.

40 percent

A nationwide study in the United States found that about _____ percent of women could be diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder.

5

Approximately _____ of women experience involuntary contraction of the muscles surrounding the outer third of the vagina when penetration with a penis, finger, tampon, or speculum is attempted.

5 to 17

A criterion for female orgasmic disorder is that a woman must have difficulty reaching orgasm on _____ or more of occasions.

75 percent

Approximately _____ of people with Parkinson's disease develop dementia.

75 percent

A nationwide study in the United States found about _____ percent of men could be diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder.

8

As many as _____ of people with antisocial personality disorder also abuse alcohol and illicit drugs.

80 percent

When a stressor is chronic and a person or animal cannot fight it or flee from it, then the chronic physiological arousal that results can be severely damaging to the body. What is this condition known as?

Allostatic load

Which of the following is a typical characteristic of delirium tremens?

Auditory hallucinations

____ involves denying that you are ill or are facing other obvious stresses.

Avoidance coping

Which of the following statements is true about the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Boys are more likely than girls to develop ADHD in childhood and early adolescence.

_____ is the tendency to be impulsive, sensation-seeking, and prone to antisocial behaviors such as violating laws.

Behavioral undercontrol

Which of the following is legally manufactured and sold by prescription, usually as sedatives for the treatment of anxiety and insomnia?

Benzodiazepine

Alicia's doctor has prescribed medication to help with her anxiety and insomnia. Which of the following best represents the class of medications he most likely prescribed?

Benzodiazepines

Which form of mental health care is most likely to be provided for prison inmates?

Alcoholics Anonymous or Narcotics Anonymous meetings for substance abusers

Which of the following has proven to be most reliably effective in the treatment of insomnia?

Benzodiazepines

The rules governing the insanity defense suggest that the law takes a _____ perspective on psychological disorders.

Biological

Celeste went to a fraternity party on Saturday night and had too much to drink. Although the last thing she remembers is dancing with Paul, she does not recollect how she got home. Celeste is most likely experiencing:

Blackout

Which term refers to alcohol-induced amnesia for the events that occurred while one was intoxicated?

Blackout

Which of the following is true with regard to gender differences in oppositional defiant disorder?

Boys with oppositional defiant disorder are more likely to be physically aggressive

_____ is characterized by episodes of sudden loss of muscle tone, lasting under two minutes.

Cataplexy

____ occurs when the brain does not send the signal to breathe to the respiratory system.

Central sleep apnea

_____ therapies have proven helpful for people with avoidant personality disorder.

Cognitive and behavior

_____ therapies have proven helpful for people with avoidant personality disorder.

Cognitive and behavioral

Which of the following statements is true about schizotypal personality disorder?

For a person to be given a diagnosis of schizotypal personality disorder, his or her odd or eccentric thoughts cannot be part of cultural beliefs.

In 1988, New York City Mayor Ed Koch applied which criterion to the homeless residents of New York to justify involuntary hospitalization?

Grave disability

Which of the following drugs is known to reduce tics and increase cognitive abilities in children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Guanfacine

One of the abnormal genes seen in children with conduct disorders is the _____ gene, which regulates the neurotransmitters dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine.

MAOA

Which of the following is true about athletes and eating disorders?

May, who is an elite athlete, is more likely develop an eating disorder than June, who is a non-elite athlete.

Which of the following was widely used as a pain reliever in the nineteenth century, until it was found to be highly addictive?

Morphine

Which of the following is the strongest predictor of delirium?

Neurocognitive disorder

Which of the following brain abnormalities did Alois Alzheimer observe during an autopsy of a 51-year-old patient who had displayed severe memory loss and disorientation in the four years prior to her death?

Neurofibrillary tangles

Which of the following is true of neuroimaging studies and dementia?

Neuroimaging studies indicate that brain deterioration associated with dementia is greater for people with less education than for those with more education.

Which of the following involves repeated episodes of upper-airway blockage during sleep?

Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome

_____ shown by people with schizotypal personality disorder set them apart from people with other personality disorders.

Oddities in cognition

Which of the following spend the least amount sleeping time in REM sleep?

Older people

_____ can be used to study sexual arousal in men, while a(n) _____ is used to study sexual arousal in women.

Strain gauges; photoplethysmograph

Ted Bundy was found guilty of abducting, raping and murdering young women. He was determined to be a serial killer as well as _____.

a sociopath

Which of the following prescription drugs would most likely NOT diminish sexual drive and arousal and interfere with orgasm?

a statin

Borderline personality disorder is characterized by hypersensitivity to _____.

abandonment

Which of the following individuals is most likely to develop bulimia?

abigail, 18, a caucasian college student

Controlled studies of the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for bulimia find that _____ the clients completely stop the binge/purge cycle.

about half

When the fight-or-flight response is caused by an immediate stressor, the response is useful and then subsides. This adaptation is called:

allostasis

When a person closes his or her eyes and relaxes, the brain waves characteristically show a regular pattern of 8 to 12 hertz. These waves are known as:

alpha waves

Which of the following types of dementia is thought to share a genetic basis with Down syndrome?

alzheimer's disease

Which of the following did DSM-5 drop from the anorexia nervosa diagnostic criteria?

amenorrhea

On the street, _____ are known as "speed," "meth," and "chalk."

amphetamines

_____ are stimulants prescribed for the treatment of attention problems, narcolepsy, and chronic fatigue.

amphetamines

Children with oppositional defiant disorder show abnormalities in what areas of the brain?

amygdala

Studies show that people with borderline personality disorder have greater activation of the _____, which may contribute to the difficulty they have in regulating their moods.

amygdala

The APP gene is the:

amyloid precursor protein gene

The APP gene is the:

amyloid precursor protein gene.

ICU/CCU psychosis refers to:

an experience of hospitalized patients hearing noises from machines, which they believe to be human voices.

Under the DSM-5 approach, the first step in diagnosing a personality disorder is determining:

an individual's level of functioning.

In the DSM-5, the personality dimension of negative affectivity may be characterized by:

anxious and fearful emotions and chronic self-doubt.

Lucy has a cognitive impairment due to which she is experiencing deterioration in language. She often uses vague references to hide her inability to produce names. It is most likely that Lucy is experiencing _____.

aphasia

The deterioration of language as seen in dementia is referred to as _____.

aphasia

The impaired ability to execute common actions such as tying shoelaces is referred to as _____.

apraxia

Individuals with antisocial tendencies:

are capable of ending their delinquent acts permanently.

According to the study conducted by Stice et al., women with the depressive subtype:

are less likely to respond well to treatment

People with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder:

are often workaholics who see little need for leisure activities.

People with avoidant personality disorder:

are prone to shame

Which of the following antidepressants has proven most useful in the treatment of borderline personality disorder?

aripiprazole

The _____ phase of the sexual response cycle combines a psychological experience of pleasure and the physiological changes known as vasocongestion and myotonia.

arousal

Psychosocial therapies for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) combine:

behavioral techniques and structured educational services.

Pedro is at a party and has taken a substance that has made him euphoric and disinhibited; he then experiences lethargy, loss of coordination and other signs of central nervous system depression. He has most likely taken:

benzodiazepines.

Plaques are made of deposits of a class of protein called _____.

beta-amyloid

The onset of bulimia nervosa most often occurs:

between ages 15 and 29

Families whose members engage in antisocial behaviors may experience a:

downward social drift

One of two classes of drugs approved to treat the cognitive symptoms of dementia regulates the activity of the neurotransmitter _____.

glutamate

Aaron Pincus and Mark Lukowitzky maintained that narcissists can be both

grandiose and vulnerable

According to Hilde Bruch, anorexia nervosa often occurs in girls who:

have been high achievers, and dutiful and compliant daughters

According to Linehan, people diagnosed with borderline personality disorder:

have deficits in emotional regulation.

Many children with antisocial tendencies:

have experienced harsh and inconsistent parenting and physical abuse.

Women who consider hormone replacement therapy to increase sexual desire should be warned that the therapy could:

have masculinizing effects

Myocardial infarction is commonly known as:

heart attack

Low-grade hypertension, combined with increases in the levels of triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein, puts alcohol abusers at increased risk for:

heart disease

The _____ immune system reacts quickly and nonspecifically to any microorganism or toxin that enters the body.

innate

Some people report never having had much interest in sex, either with other people or privately, as in the viewing of erotic films, masturbation, or fantasy. These individuals are diagnosed with _____.

lifelong hypoactive sexual desire disorder

Justus shows a lack of guilt for his actions, a lack of empathy for others, and a lack of concern for performance at school or work. This demonstrates:

limited prosocial emotions

Lack of remorse or guilt for ones actions and lack of concern for performance at school or work, as well as shallow emotions demonstrates:

limited prosocial emotions.

The DSM-IV included _____ separate personality disorders.

10

The Maudsley model of family therapy involves:

10 to 20 sessions over 6 to 12 months

What do most people with narcolepsy experience in addition to sleepiness?

Cataplexy

Defense attorneys suspect impaired competence in their clients in up to _____ of cases.

10 percent

Most U.S. states consider a person to be under the influence of alcohol if his or her blood-alcohol level is _____ or above.

0.08

The "DSM-5" states criteria for the diagnosis of premature ejaculation by specifying that a man must ejaculate within _____ of beginning sexual activity and before the man wishes it on _____ of occasions over a period of at least _____.

1 minute; 75 percent; 6 months

Approximately _____ percent of the population has symptoms warranting a diagnosis of restless leg syndrome (RLS).

2 to 3

Some studies estimate that as much as _____% of the population meets the DSM-5 criteria for intermittent explosion disorder.

20

Nationwide, the number of children prescribed stimulant medications increased by _____ percent in the past two decades.

200 to 300

Cognitive-behavioral therapy for bulimia usually lasts about _____ months and involves _____ sessions.

3 to 6; 10 to 20

Ivor was sent to a mental institution after he was found "not guilty by reason of insanity." If his stay there is the average length of institutionalization, Ivor will be institutionalized for _____.

3 years

Approximately _____% of children and adolescents has a diagnosis of conduct disorder.

3-7

Obesity is defined as a body mass index (BMI) of

30 or above

Approximately _____% of individuals diagnosed with childhood-onset conduct disorder are also diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder as adults.

35

In the United States, coronary heart disease (CHD) accounts for _____ percent of all deaths.

35

The standard DSM-5 levels of functioning scale for diagnosing a personality disorder ranges from 0 to:

4

Epidemiological studies have indicated that antisocial personality disorder is one of the most common personality disorders, with approximately _____ of the general population being diagnosed with the disorder at some time in their lives.

4 percent

Approximately _____% of individuals diagnosed with childhood-onset conduct disorder are chronically unemployed, have a history of unstable relationships, and frequently engage in impulsive physical aggression or abuse their spouse.

50

Approximately _____% of individuals diagnosed with childhood-onset conduct disorder engages in criminal behavior and drug abuse as teens.

50

Twin studies find that the concordance rate for antisocial behaviors is nearly _____ in MZ twins.

50 percent

The DSM-5 includes _____ separate personality disorders.

6

The DSM-IV included _____ separate personality disorders.

6

A nationwide study suggests that approximately _____ of the population could be diagnosed with.

6 percent

Athena was found "not guilty by reason of insanity" after murdering her husband. If her stay there is the average length of institutionalization, Athena will be most likely be institutionalized for _____.

6 years

Approximately _____ of children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) respond to stimulant drugs.

70 to 85 percent

People who sleep fewer than 6 hours each night have a _____ percent higher mortality rate than those who sleep at least 7 or 8 hours each night

70`

A longitudinal study in Oregon, which focused on adolescents with less severe eating disorders which the researchers called partial-syndrome eating disorders, found that approximately _____ of these adolescents had a diagnosable psychiatric disorder when they were in their early 20s.

90 percent

Which of the following statements is true of the factors contributing to gender identity disorder?

A cluster of cells in the hypothalamus, which plays a role in sexual behavior, has been implicated in multiple studies.

According to research, which of the following treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is more likely to produce short-term improvements?

A combination of stimulant therapy and psychosocial therapy

Which of the following statements is true of the cultural differences in eating disorders?

A meta-analysis found that bulimia nervosa is considerably more common in Westernized cultures than in non-Westernized cultures.

Which of the following occurs in the third and fourth stages of sleep?

A pattern of slow waves of 1 to 2 hertz

Oppositional defiant disorder has a high rate of comorbitiy with which of the following disorders?

ADHD

The rule that holds that a person is not responsible for a crime if that crime is the result of mental defect, or if, during commission of the crime, the person lacked the capacity to understand that the act was criminally wrong or to conform his or her conduct "to the requirements of the law," is the _____ rule.

ALI

What percentage of stroke patients develop cognitive deficits serious enough to qualify for a diagnosis of dementia?

About 25 percent

Which of the following statements about borderline personality disorder is NOT true?

About 75 percent of people with this disorder attempt suicide, but almost all are unsuccessful due to timely intervention

Which of the following statements about borderline personality disorder is NOT true?

About 75 percent of people with this disorder attempt suicide, but almost all are unsuccessful due to timely intervention.

Which of the following neurotransmitters is associated with the decline in memory in Alzheimer's disease?

Acetylcholine

Which of the following statements is true of involuntary commitment?

Admissions to state and county mental hospitals are much more likely to be involuntary than admissions to other types of hospitals.

Which of the following statements is true of gender dysphoria?

Adults who might be diagnosed with gender dysphoria are also referred to as transsexuals.

Which of the following statements is true of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Adults with ADHD are at high risk for depression, anxiety disorders, and substance abuse.

Which of the following groups is most likely to be diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder?

African American

In general, _____ are more likely to be diagnosed with dementia.

African Americans

Which of the following groups is most likely to be diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder?

African Americans

Which of the following is cited as a reason why people in countries such as France show lower rates of alcohol-related substance disorders than do people in other countries?

Alcohol is usually consumed with meals in France

_____ is the loss of intellectual abilities, including memory, abstract thinking, judgment, and problem solving, often accompanied by personality changes such as increased paranoia.

Alcohol-induced dementia

Ronald Reagan, the former President of the United States, suffered from _____.

Alzheimer's disease

Which of the following is the most common form of dementia?

Alzheimer's disease

_____ is the most common type of major neurocognitive disorder (NCD) and accounts for _____ of all types of dementia.

Alzheimer's disease; two thirds

The Insanity Defense Reform Act of 1984 adopted the _____ definition of insanity.

American Psychiatric Association's definition

Which of the following statements is true of sexual activity among older adults?

Among older adults, the loss of a spouse and discomfort with one's own aging can contribute to sexual problems.

Which of the following is an example of a stimulant?

Amphetamines

Tristan's peers described his as being resentful of others, touchy, and having a short fuse. These are characteristics for oppositional defiant disorder under which category of criteria?

Angry/irritable mood

_____ appear to suppress the virus in those infected with HIV and to slow the development of AIDS.

Antiretroviral drugs

Which of the following statements is true of relationship problems and sexual dysfunction?

Anorgasmia in women may be tied to lack of communication between a woman and her male partner.

Dennis is undergoing treatment to stop alcohol use. He cannot even take one alcoholic drink because he starts to feel sick and dizzy and feels like vomiting. Which drug is he using?

Antabuse

Which of the following is a drug that can make alcohol use actually punishing, often causing vomiting in individuals who drink after taking it?

Antabuse

Under the DSM-5 criteria, which of the following pathological personality traits is associated with narcissistic personality disorder?

Antagonism

Which of the following medications has the least clear benefit in the treatment of insomnia?

Antihistamine

Which of the following is a personality disorder recognized by the DSM-5?

Antisocial personality disorder

Which of the following is reduced due to normal caffeine intake?

Appetite

A person experiencing _____ will have difficulty carrying out actions such as washing their hands when requested.

Apraxia

Deliberately annoying peers, blaming others for your mistakes and refusing to do what your mom asks are all examples of what category of criteria for oppositional defiant disorder?

Argumentative/defiant behaviors

The DSM-5 criterion for conduct disorder involves several categories of behaviors. Which of the following is NOT a category of criteria?

Argumentative/defiant behaviors

he DSM-5 criterion for conduct disorder involves several categories of behaviors. Which of the following is NOT a category of criteria?

Argumentative/defiant behaviors

Which of the following antidepressants has proven most useful in the treatment of borderline personality disorder?

Aripiprazole

In a study in rural North Carolina, researchers found that in Native American children:

As income increased for families, conduct disorders decreased.

hat is the process in which the blood vessels that supply the heart muscles are narrowed or closed by the gradual buildup of a hard, fatty substance called plaque and inflammation of the vessel walls?

Atherosclerosis

Claude was high on cocaine when he viciously assaulted a stranger. Because he was not completely aware of his actions at the time, Claude pled insanity. Based on which legal case was his case thrown out of court?

Barrett v. United States

Which of the following is a proven method for preventing weight gain and reducing weight?

Be more active throughout the day.

The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for substance-use disorder includes the continued use of substances despite negative social, occupational, and health consequences, as indicated in the DSM-IV-TR criteria for substance abuse. Why have the DSM-5 authors removed "legal problems" from this criterion?

Because of its low prevalence

Which of the following statements is true of sex reassignment surgery?

Before undergoing sex reassignment surgery, individuals spend up to a year or more living fulltime in the gender role they seek.

Which of the following statements is true about treatments for dementia?

Behavior therapy helps in controlling emotional instability in patients with dementia.

_____ theories of paraphilia explain them as resulting from initial associations of intense early sexual arousal with a particular stimulus.

Behavioral

Which of the following is characterized by sleep disruption leading to excessive sleepiness or insomnia that is due to a sleep-related breathing condition, such as apnea?

Breathing-related sleep disorder

n area of the inferior frontal gyrus called _____ is involved in the ability to articulate and analyze words.

Broca's area

Which of the following statements about coronary heart disease (CHD) is true?

CHD is the leading cause of death among men and women

_____ is by far the most heavily used stimulant.

Caffeine

Which of the following is the most commonly used illegal drug in the United States?

Cannabis

Which of the following is true about the factors that contribute to autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

Children with ASD have a higher than average rate of other genetic disorders associated with cognitive impairment, including fragile X syndrome and PKU.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the cognitive factors involved in conduct disorder?

Children with conduct disorder tend to consider a narrow range of responses to perceived provocation by others.

Which of the following statements is true about fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)?

Children with fetal alcohol syndrome have an average IQ of 68.

Which of the following observations is true?

Chronic insomnia is more frequent in women than in men.

Which of the following statements is true about sensate focus therapy?

Clients are told to focus intently on the pleasure created by the exercises.

Which of the following research observations is true of violence by mentally ill people?

Clinicians do not probe mentally ill women for evidence of a tendency toward violence as much as they do mentally ill men.

Charlie has been diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). His medication improves his level of attention and helps him control his impulsive behavior, but he often experiences dryness in his mouth, fatigue, dizziness, and constipation. Which of the following drugs is Charlie most likely taking for his condition?

Clonidine

Jim is over at a friend's house to pregame before going out. He takes a substance that provides an instant rush of euphoria followed by heightened self-esteem, alertness, energy, and feelings of competence. He has most likely taken:

Cocaine

The _____ theories of alcohol abuse have focused on people's expectations of alcohol's effects and their beliefs about the appropriateness of using it to cope with stress.

Cognitive

Which of the following statements is true about the treatment of narcissistic personality disorder?

Cognitive techniques help these clients develop more realistic expectations of their abilities and more sensitivity to the needs of others.

From which theoretical perspective are most psychotherapies for conduct disorder derived?

Cognitive-behavioral

_____ therapies have been researched more than other types of therapy and have been shown to be effective for several types of sexual dysfunction.

Cognitive-behavioral

Which is the most common disease in which the immune system plays a role?

Common cold

Which behavioral disorder among adolescents and children is characterized by a chronic pattern of unconcern for the basic rights of others?

Conduct disorder

Which of the following occurs when the blood vessels that supply the heart muscles are narrowed or closed by the gradual buildup of a hard, fatty substance and inflammation of the vessel walls, blocking the flow of oxygen and nutrients to the heart?

Coronary heart disease

Which of the following uses imagery to create associations between thoughts of alcohol use and thoughts of highly unpleasant consequences?

Covert sensitization therapy

Which of the following statements is true of hormone therapy for gender identity disorder?

Cross-sex hormone therapy stimulates the development of secondary sex characteristics of the preferred sex and suppresses those of the birth sex.

Which of the following statements is true of competence to stand trial?

Defendants with a long history of psychiatric problems are more likely to be referred for competence evaluations.

Which of the following is a circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder that involves a persistent pattern of late sleep onset and late awakenings, and an inability to go to sleep or wake up earlier at a desired or conventionally acceptable time?

Delayed sleep phase type

Which of the following is probably the most common psychiatric syndrome found among the elderly in general hospitals?

Delirium

Which of the following statements is true about the causes of dementia?

Dementia can be caused by a deficiency in thiamine.

Which of the following is true of the link between depression and the risk of recurrent heart attacks and mortality in individuals with coronary heart disease (CHD)?

Depression doubles the risk.

A child diagnosed with intermittent explosion disorder is most likely to perform which of the following behaviors?

Destroy Property

Under the DSM-5 criteria, which of the following pathological personality traits is associated with avoidant personality disorder?

Detachment

Under which of the following insanity defense rules can a person still be found not guilty by reason of insanity even if he or she knows the act being performed is wrong (i.e., criminal)?

Durham rule

Which of the following has the stimulant effects of an amphetamine along with occasional hallucinogenic properties?

Ecstasy

Which of the following is a natural opioid produced by the human body?

Endorphin

_____ is defined as difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep that lasts only a few days and is an isolated occurrence.

Episodic Insomnia

Which of the following statements is true of female hormones and sexual dysfunction?

Estrogen problems in women may result in low arousal due to reduced vaginal lubrication.

Which of the following is the initial symptom of opioid intoxication?

Euphoria

As babies, children who develop conduct disorder tend to have been _____, at least as reported by their parents.

Extremely rational

Which of the following statements is true of Alzheimer's disease?

Family history studies suggest that 24 to 49 percent of first-degree relatives of a patient eventually develop the disease.

According to a major study on violent activity among former psychiatric patients, which of the following groups had the lowest rate of violent activity?

Former patients with a major mental disorder without a history of substance abuse.

Which of the following is a central nervous system depressant approved for the treatment of the sleep disorder narcolepsy?

GHB

Which of the following is a drug that was widely used by bodybuilders and athletes to lose fat and build muscle and was available over the counter in health food stores in the 1980s?

GHB

Which of the following was replaced by gender dysphoria as a new diagnostic category in the "DSM-5"?

Gender identity disorder

_____ provide people with explicit information about how to engage in positive health-related behaviors and with opportunities to do so in increasingly challenging situations.

Guided mastery techniques

For which of the following reasons are African-Americans more likely than European Americans to develop vascular dementia?

Higher rates of hypertension and cardiovascular disease

Which of the following statements about cardiovascular disease is true?

Historically, far more men than women die of cardiovascular disease.

Ruth's physician informed her that a single dominant gene on chromosome 4 transmits her condition. She was also told that if one of her parents had the gene, she stood a 50 percent chance of inheriting the gene and developing the disorder. Which disease is her physician most likely referring to?

Huntington's disease

Raymond usually sleeps 12 hours at a stretch but then wakes up feeling sleepy. He also falls asleep during team meetings in his office. This has been going on for months now, and is putting his career in jeopardy. Which of the following conditions is Raymond probably suffering from?

Hypersomnulence

_____ can be caused by blood being pushed with too much force by the heart through vessels or by constriction of the vessel walls.

Hypertension

_____ is a condition in which blood flows through vessels with excessive force, putting pressure on vessel walls.

Hypertension

_____ disorder is characterized by having little desire for sex.

Hypoactive sexual desire

Darius was in intensive care with no visitors after a routine appendectomy. Everything was sterile, white, and boring. Darius began to hallucinate. The most likely diagnosis for Darius would be _____.

ICU psychosis

The _____ system defends against disease by identifying and killing pathogens and tumor cells.

Immune

_____ means that a patient accepts treatment after receiving a full and understandable explanation of the treatment being offered and makes a decision based on his or her own judgment of the risks and benefits of the treatment.

Informed consent

Which of the following is true about the verdict of "guilty but mentally ill"?

It has been adopted by some states as an alternative to the verdict of "not guilty by reason of insanity."

Which of these is a major reason why ketamine users may injure themselves when they are intoxicated?

It is an anesthetic.

Which of the following is true of the effects of sleep deprivation?

It is cumulative in nature.

Which of the following statements is true about stuttering?

It is more prevalent among boys than girls.

Why do date-rape victims fail to recognize that they have been drugged with rohypnol?

It is odorless, colorless, and tasteless.

Which of the following is true of freebase cocaine?

It is usually smoked in a water pipe or mixed in a tobacco or marijuana cigarette.

Which of the following is true of sleepwalking?

It occurs during NREM sleep.

Which of the following is true of sleep terror disorder?

It occurs most often in children.

Which of the following is a concern raised by mental health professionals about the insanity defense?

It requires after-the-fact judgments of a defendant's state of mind at the time of the crime.

Identify the physiological effect of nicotine.

It resembles a fight-or-flight response.

Which of the following makes cocaine more likely than most substances to lead to abuse and dependence?

Its rapid, strong effects on the brain's reward centers

Which of the following refers to the second stage of sleep that is characterized by an occasional sharp rise and fall in the amplitude of the entire EEG?

K-complex

Which drug was used in the 1960s as part of the consciousness-expanding movement and led to reports of "bad trips"?

LSD

Which of the following did Dan White's lawyers say influenced his ability to form the necessary mens rea?

Large amounts of junk foods

The court determined that Godfrey could not be held responsible for his crime because he did not know that his actions were wrong. The governing rule in such a case is the _____.

M'Naghten rule

_____ was the first psychiatrist to describe autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Leo Kanner

Which of the following occurs in the first stage of sleep?

Less regular and lower amplitude brain waves

Which of the following is true of amphetamine use?

Like cocaine, amphetamines can produce perceptual illusions.

Which of the following is true concerning hormones and sexual dysfunction?

Low levels of testosterone and high levels of estrogen and prolactin can cause sexual dysfunction in men

Which of these is one of the most common medical conditions associated with alcohol misuse?

Low-grade hypertension

Which of the following is a conclusion of alcohol abuse offered by social learning theories?

Maladaptive patterns of alcohol use may be passed down through a family through modeling.

Which of the following observations about inhalants is true?

Males are more likely than females to use inhalants.

Which of the following statements is true about social programs for children with intellectual disability (IDD)?

Many adults with intellectual disability live in group homes, where they receive assistance in the tasks of daily living and training in vocational and social skills.

Which of the following is true of Internet-based health interventions?

Many behavioral interventions of this nature aim to increase people's exercise and improve their diet.

Which of the following statements is true of mental health care in the justice system?

Many of these treatment programs focus on male inmates.

Which of the following statements is true about gay, lesbian, and bisexual people?

Many problems in sexual functioning experienced by gay, lesbian, and bisexual people may have to do with society's attitudes toward them.

Which of the following is a valid research finding?

Married couples who argue more show poorer immunological functioning than other married couples.

Which of the following is the most prominent cognitive deficiency in dementia?

Memory loss

Judges typically defer to the judgment of _____ about a person's mental illness and whether the criteria for commitment are met.

Mental health professionals

_____ is based on the argument that people with borderline personality disorder have fundamental difficulty understanding the mental states of themselves and others because of traumatic experiences in childhood and poor attachment to their caregivers.

Mentalization-based treatment

Which of the following is true about treatment for sexual dysfunction?

Most people who are troubled by sexual dysfunction receive only medication, and no psychological services.

_____ is a drug that blocks receptors for opiates and has been shown to be useful in reducing hyperactivity in some children with autism spectrum disorder.

Naltrexone

Which of the following personality disorders is more likely to endorse beliefs such as "I don't have to be bound by rules that apply to other people"?

Narcissistic personality disorder

Which of the following involves recurrent attacks of an irrepressible need to sleep, lapses into sleep, or naps occurring within the same day?

Narcolepsy

Deaths related to alcohol are as much as five times more common among _____ than in the general U.S. population.

Native Americans

Which of the following statements is true regarding the biological factors involved in conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder?

Neuroimaging studies show abnormalities in the functioning of the anterior cingulate, an area of the brain involved in responding to emotional stimuli.

_____ is a personality trait characterized by hyperreactivity to stress and poor coping skills.

Neuroticism

Which of the following age-groups spend the maximum sleeping time in REM sleep?

Newborn infants

Which of the following is an alkaloid found in tobacco?

Nicotine

According to research, which of the following statements about nightmares is typically true?

Nightmares are more common in children than in adults.

Which class of inhalants dilates blood vessels and relaxes muscles and is sometimes used as sex enhancers?

Nitrites

Who is credited with discovering that there is a physiological basis for the ancient theory that laughter is good medicine?

Norman Cousins

In which of the following cases was it ruled that, "a State cannot constitutionally confine...a nondangerous individual, who is capable of surviving safely in freedom by himself or with the help of willing and responsible family and friends"?

O'Connor v. Donaldson (1975)

Which of the following is true of alcohol dependents or abusers in the United States?

Only about 25 percent of them seek treatment

Which of the following is true of sleep deprivation?

Over half of Americans say they chronically feel sleep deprived.

Which of the following is one factor that explains how hostility may lead to coronary heart disease?

Overarousal of the sympathetic nervous system

Which of the following is a popular opioid pain reliever?

Oxycodone

Which of the following factors may account for the higher rate of conduct disturbances in boys than in girls?

Parents are more likely to physically punish boys severely than girls.

Which of the following parenting styles is likely to increase a child's vulnerability to conduct disorder?

Parents who physically abuse their children

Which of the following is true of pathological gambling?

Pathological gamblers have a greater disruption in the systems regulating the neurotransmitter dopamine.

Which of the following movements contributed to the change in laws about civil commitment?

Patients' rights movement

Which of the following is a reason why abuse of and dependence on alcohol decline as people age?

People who have used alcohol excessively may die before they reach old age

Which of the following statements is true of the difference between the binge/purge type of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?

People with the binge/purge anorexia type are at least 15 percent below healthy body weight, whereas people with bulimia nervosa typically are at normal weight or somewhat overweight.

Which of the following statements is true about narcissistic personality disorder?

People with this disorder are preoccupied with fantasies of power and success.

In a sense, the Dodge and Pettit model of aggressive thinking model essentially has several steps. Which best reflects the order of thinking?

Perception, attribution, response search, response selection, action

Which of the following is NOT typically regarded as a cause of vaginal dryness or irritation in women who experience sexual pain?

Persistent anxiety

When an individual fails to develop a sense of self-identity and a capacity for interpersonal functioning that are adaptive in the individual's relationships, he or she may be diagnosed with a(n) _____ disorder.

Personality

Which drug is also known as angel dust, Hog, and Tranq?

Phencyclidine

Which of the following is capable of producing perceptual changes in even small dosages?

Phenocyclidine

Which type of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is diagnosed if six or more symptoms of inattention but fewer than six symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity are present?

Predominantly inattentive type

Raine et al. found reductions in the volume of the _____ in both women and men with antisocial personality disorder.

Prefrontal cortex

Studies have found that antisocial adults have abnormal levels of functioning in the:

Prefrontal cortex

Which of the following is true about the verdict "guilty but mentally ill"?

Proponents argue that it recognizes defendants' mental illness while still holding them responsible for their actions.

Which of the following is one of the "Wyatt Standards?"

Psychiatric patients must have a humane psychological and physical environment.

This process of splitting, whereby individuals with borderline personality disorder see themselves and other people as either all good or all bad, was theorized in the _____ school of thought.

Psychoanalytic

Which of the following statements is true regarding treatment for antisocial personality disorder?

Psychotherapy tends to focus on controlling anger and impulsive behaviors, developing coping strategies, and increasing empathy.

After an adult has been asleep for an hour or so, the EEG becomes very active. This stage is known as:

REM Sleep

Which of the following high school students is most likely to develop an eating disorder?

Randy, who is a body builder

Which of the following statements is true about the different learning disorders?

Reading disorder affects about 4 percent of children.

Which of the following is widely used in treatment for obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?

Relaxation techniques

Which of the following is true regarding treatments for antisocial personality disorder?

Research has indicated that norepinephrine can help to control impulsive and aggressive responses

Which of the following drugs is commonly used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Ritalin

Which of the following is a widely known date-rape drug which goes by the slang names Roche and the Forget-Me-Not Pill?

Rohypnol

Jeffery has a history of dysthymic disorder. He has been taking medication periodically for several years. During the last six months, he has been taking his medication more consistently, and has been experiencing low sexual arousal and erectile problems. His friends have suggested that his sexual dysfunction is probably a side effect of his medication. If this is true, which type of medication is Jeffrey most likely taking?

SSRIs

Which of the following statements is true regarding drug therapies for intermittent explosion disorder?

SSRIs, norepinepherine reuptake inhibitors and mood stabilizers have reduced aggression in individuals with this disorder.

_____ is a group intervention for people with borderline personality disorder that combines cognitive techniques challenging irrational and maladaptive cognitions and behavioral techniques addressing self-management and problem solving.

STEPPS

As with avoidant personality disorder, which of the following is characterized by withdrawal from social situations?

Schizotypal personality disorder

Roger believes he has a special ability. He believes he can read the thoughts of other people and transfer his own thoughts into their mind. There are times when he believes that certain random events and circumstances are directly related to him. On some occasions, he becomes very suspicious of the people around him. Which of the following personality disorders best describes Roger's behavior?

Schizotypal personality disorder

Which of the following is true about schizotypal personality disorder?

Schizotypal personality disorder is much more common in the first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia than in the relatives of other psychiatric patients.

Partners often differ in their _____ for sexual encounters—their expectations about what will take place during a sexual encounter and about what each partner's responsibilities are.

Scripts

Which of the following is a positive coping strategy?

Seeking social support

Suzanne has been diagnosed with conduct disorder. Her therapist has been teaching her to talk to herself when she is faced with difficult situations. By repeating phrases that help to calm her down and control her impulsive behaviors, she learns to avoid reacting negatively to situations. Which technique is Suzanne's therapist using?

Self-talk

Which of the following neurotransmitters has been linked to poor impulse control and aggression in people diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder?

Serotonin

Which of the following neurotransmitters has been linked to the impulse of aggressive behavior in people diagnosed with intermittent explosion disorder?

Serotonin

_____ are sometimes used to reduce the social anxiety of people with avoidant personality disorder.

Serotonin reuptake inhibitors

____ circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder is caused by working rotating shifts or irregular hours. is caused by crossing several time zones in a short period of time.

Shift work type

_____ therapy involves initially limiting the amount of time insomniacs can try to sleep in the night.

Sleep restriction

Which of the following observations is true?

Societal acceptance of heavy drinking by women has increased in recent generations, as has the rate of alcohol use among young women.

Which of following is true about the "not guilty by reason of insanity" verdict?

Some states require that people who receive the verdict should only be institutionalized for the same length of time they would have served if they had received prison sentences.

Franco has fallen ill, lost his job and his wife has left him due to his problem with heroin. His friends and family are telling him that he is an addict because he is exhibiting:

Substance dependence

_____ is a set of behavioral and psychological changes that occur as a result of the physiological effects of a substance on the central nervous system.

Substance intoxication

Which of the following best describes a stroke?

Sudden damage to an area of the brain due to the blockage of blood flow or hemorrhaging

_____ may occur during inhalant use due to acute irregularities in heartbeat or loss of oxygen.

Sudden sniffing death

Which of the following is NOT a biological intervention that has been used to treat pedophilia?

Surgery on areas of the brain thought to control sexual behavior

Which of the following high school students is most likely to develop an eating disorder?

Susan, who is a gymnast

Lincoln was referred to Dr. Hughes by Student Health Services as they felt he needed more intensive treatment. Lincoln reported having been in love with a woman who broke up with him after a 2-year relationship. He is experiencing extreme anxiety and intense anger. At his most recent session, Lincoln told Dr. Hughes that he can't stand to see the woman on campus and plans to kill her. He has already bought a gun, and has begun following her. Which of the following cases is most relevant to how Dr. Hughes should proceed?

Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California (1974)

_____ is carried by a recessive gene and occurs primarily in Jewish populations.

Tay-Sachs disease

_____ requires the defense to prove that the defendant was insane at the time of the crime, as opposed to requiring the prosecution to prove that the defendant was sane at the time the crime was committed.

The Insanity Defense Reform Act

Which of the following statements is true about autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

The best predictor of the outcome of ASD is a child's IQ and the amount of language development before age 6.

With the repeated use of substances such as cocaine, heroin, and amphetamines, more of the drug is needed to produce the desired effects. Which of the following helps explain this statement?

The brain reduces its production of dopamine

Which of the following statements is true about the biological factors associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

The catecholamine neurotransmitters, which include dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, appear to function abnormally in individuals with ADHD.

Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and acetylcholine?

The degree of cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer's disease is significantly correlated with the degree of deficit in acetylcholine.

Which of the following may cause frequent changes in blood pressure, reducing the resilience of the blood vessels in hostile people?

The frequent rise and fall of catecholamine levels

Which of the following is one of the four categories of harmful consequences that suggest substance abuse?

The individual fails to fulfill important obligations at work, home, or school as a result of substance use.

Which of the following statements is true of the "dangerousness to self" criterion for civil commitment?

The individual is often admitted to an inpatient psychiatric facility for a few days while undergoing further evaluation and possibly treatment.

What are the two branches of the human immune system?

The innate immune system and the specific immune system

Why should an underlying medical condition that is the cause of delirium be treated in a timely fashion?

The longer delirium continues, the more likely the person is to suffer permanent brain damage

Which of the following is most likely to occur if a person is experiencing a deficit in executive functioning?

The person may have difficulty planning a large dinner party.

Which of the following rights is not recognized in some states and in most states can be overruled in many circumstances?

The right to refuse treatment

refers to the inability of the defendant to understand the charges against him.

The right to refuse treatment

Which of the following is true about neurofibrillary tangles?

The tangles are common in the brains of Alzheimer's patients but rare in people without neurocognitive disorders.

What was the outcome of Project MATCH that compared the different interventions designed to help people with alcohol dependency: cognitive-behavioral intervention, motivational interviewing and enhancement, and a 12-step program based on the Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) model?

The three interventions were equally effective in reducing drinking behavior and preventing relapse over the following year.

For a diagnosis of sexual sadism to be made, which of the following criteria must be met in addition to sexual fantasies, urges, or behaviors involving inflicting pain and humiliation on the person's sex partner?

The urges and behavior must cause the person significant distress or impairment in functioning or involve a nonconsenting partner.

Which of the following statements is true of mental health courts and drug courts?

These courts tend to be controversial as they may coerce offenders into treatment.

Why do people from Asian cultures tend to be more reluctant than European Americans to reach out to others for social support or to express their personal concerns?

They are concerned about potential harm to their relationships if they do so.

Which of the following is true of Type A people?

They often fly into a rage with little provocation.

According to studies, which of the following is generally true of pessimistic people?

They see negative events as their fault.

Which of the following observations is true?

Tobacco use is increasing in developing countries.

_____ is present when a person experiences less effect from the same dose of a substance and needs more and more of it to achieve intoxication.

Tolerance

Vashti displays multiple motor tics, like facial grimacing, jerking her arm, and neck stretching, and also a vocal tic (in her case, an objectionable word). Because she has both motor and vocal tics her doctor has diagnosed her with:

Tourette's syndrome.

Which of the following statements is true regarding drug therapies for conduct disorder?

Traditional antipsychotic medications, such as Haldol and Mellaril, have been used to treat children with conduct disorder, with some success.

_____ uses the relationship between patient and therapist to help patients develop a more realistic and healthy understanding of themselves and their interpersonal relationships.

Transference-focused therapy

Which of the following characterizes the first stage of alcohol withdrawal?

Tremulousness, weakness, and profuse perspiration

Which of the following was one of the top five leading causes of death in the early part of the twentieth century?

Tuberculosis

The personality factor traditionally linked to coronary heart disease is the _____ behavior pattern.

Type A

Which of the following is a key factor that makes some circumstances more stressful than others?

Uncontrollability

Gideon has erectile disorder. His doctor has recommended _____, which is a popular treatment for this problem.

Viagra

Which of the following is understood as a subtype of a narcissist?

Vulnerable narcissist

Under which of the following conditions would it be difficult for the courts to apply the M'Naghten rule?

When a person has posttraumatic stress disorder

In which of the following cases can a state ignore a person's right to refuse treatment?

When the person is manic or psychotic

Which of the following statements is true regarding psychopathy?

When they need to, people with psychopathy can be gracious and cheerful.

In the context of gender responses to stress, which of the following observations is true?

Women are more physiologically reactive to marital conflict.

Which of the following statements is true about gender and dementia?

Women live longer and are therefore more prone to developing age-related dementia.

In the context of gender differences in coping with stress, which of the following comparisons is correct?

Women tend to have larger social networks than men, including friends and extended family members.

Which of the following cases established a patient's right to a humane environment?

Wyatt v. Stickney (1971)

_____ are most likely to suffer dementia due to head injury because they take more risks associated with head injuries than do other groups.

Young men

Which of the following primarily contributes to the fact that the relapse rate for people undergoing any kind of treatment for alcohol abuse and dependency is high?

abstinence violation effect

Ethan has been having trouble attaining an erection lately. In the past, he had no such difficulty, and he can't seem to figure out the cause. Ethan will most likely receive a diagnosis of _____.

acquired male erectile disorder

An assessment of how people sleep can be obtained using a wristwatch-like device called a(n) _____, which records movement.

actigraph

Avoidant personality disorder is:

actually quite different from social phobia

Individuals with narcissistic personality disorder tend to seek _____.

admiration

Which type of circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders involves a persistent pattern of sleep onset and awakenings that are 2 or more hours earlier than desired?

advanced sleep phase

In which of the following categories of sport are athletes most likely to have an eating disorder?

aesthetic sports

The onset of Alzheimer's disease typically begins:

after age 65

Luc bullies other kids, initiates fights, and has date raped his girlfriend. These behaviors are all criteria for conduct disorder under _____.

aggression towards people and animals

June is finding it difficult to recognize familiar objects, like tables and chairs, and people, like her close friends and family members. June is probably experiencing _____.

agnosia

The inability to recognize objects or people is referred to as _____.

agnosia

Which of the following is one of the interpersonal categories on the levels of function scale for diagnosing personality disorders?

agreeableness

Which of the following is a central nervous system depressant?

alcohol

Because of _____, the body learns how to react more efficiently to stress when it comes and goes, is not severe, and does not persist for long periods of time.

allostasis

The compound 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine is also known as:

ecstasy

Rodney is experiencing premature ejaculation and his primary care physician has suggested several antidepressants that may be helpful. Which of the following is Rodney's physician most likely to prescribe?

anafranil

The blockage of vessels that supply blood to the heart can lead to pain, called _____ that radiates across the chest and arm.

angina pectoris

Fergus has lost one hundred pounds this past year. His weight is 15 percent below what his physician says is a healthy weight for him, yet he refuses to acknowledge his thinness or the serious risks of his self-starvation. Fergus is afraid that if he gains weight, no woman will ever date him again. Fergus is most likely exhibiting _____.

anorexia nervosa

People with _____ starve themselves, subsisting on little or no food for very long periods of time, yet they remain sure that they need to lose more weight.

anorexia nervosa

Sex therapy often includes teaching or encouraging clients to masturbate. This technique can be especially helpful for:

anorgasmic women

All of the following are personality traits associated with schizotypal personality disorder in the DSM-5 EXCEPT:

antagonism

All of the following are personality traits associated with schizotypal personality disorder in the DSM-5 EXCEPT:

antagonism.

Which of the following is widely used in treatment for schizotypal personality disorder?

antidepressants

In the DSM-5, the personality dimension of negative affectivity may be characterized by:

anxious and fearful emotions and chronic self-do

Individuals with narcissistic personality disorder are characterized by _____.

arrogance

Mentally ill women are _____ mentally ill men to commit violent acts toward others.

as likely as

Children who find it difficult to pay attention, control their impulses, and organize their behaviors are most likely exhibiting symptoms of _____.

attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Mauricio is in a bar with his friends when someone bumps into the stool his girlfriend is sitting on. He perceives this as a direct affront to his machismo and that the other man wants to fight. According to Dodge and Pettit, he is having and issue with his:

attribution or interpretation

Simone meets all the criteria for anorexia nervosa EXCEPT that she falls within normal weight range. According to the DSM-5 criteria, she will most likely meet the criteria for _____.

atypical anorexia nervosa

Disorders characterized by impairment in two key areas of development including deficits in social interactions, communication with others, and repetitive patterns of behavior are called _____.

autism spectrum disorder

In the DSM-5, all the pervasive developmental disorders have been subsumed under the new category of _____.

autism spectrum disorder

_____ is used to extinguish sexual responses to objects or situations a person with a paraphilia finds arousing, by exposing them to painful but harmless electric shocks or loud bursts of noise while viewing photographs of what arouses them.

aversion therapy

Drugs such as disulfiram that make the ingestion of alcohol unpleasant or toxic are given to people who are alcohol dependent. This is an example of:

aversive classical conditioning.

Janice's friend invited her to a five-star restaurant. Janice became nervous when she saw the various pieces of silverware placed on the table. She felt that others were scrutinizing her every move, and watching to see if she used the cutlery properly. Overwhelmed with anxiety, Janice left the restaurant without eating dinner. Janice would most likely be diagnosed with:

avoidant personality disorder

Janice's friend invited her to a five-star restaurant. Janice became nervous when she saw the various pieces of silverware placed on the table. She felt that others were scrutinizing her every move, and watching to see if she used the cutlery properly. Overwhelmed with anxiety, Janice left the restaurant without eating dinner. Janice would most likely be diagnosed with:

avoidant personality disorder.

_____ involves creating a small pouch at the base of the esophagus, which severely limits food intake. The stomach may be stapled, banded, or bypassed.

bariatric surgery

Oppositional defiant disorder differs from conduct disorder in that in oppositional defiant disorder children tend to:

be chronically negativistic

Individuals diagnosed with personality disorder based on the disinhibition dimension of the DSM-5 tend to:

be impulsive, risk-taking and irresponsible

Individuals diagnosed with personality disorder based on the disinhibition dimension of the DSM-5 tend to:

be impulsive, risk-taking, and irresponsible.

Men with pedophilia are more likely to have:

been sexually abused

In _____ therapy, the client is taught how to monitor her food intake, is reinforced for introducing avoided foods into her diet, and is taught coping techniques for avoiding bingeing.

behavioral

Tobias's therapist has been working with his parents to develop a system of reinforcement and punishment to control his aggressive behaviors. His therapist is taking a _____ approach.

behavioral

Dennis tends to eat excessive amounts of food several times a day. As a result of overeating, Dennis is 30 pounds overweight. Dennis is most likely exhibiting:

binge-eating disorder

Enrique is significantly overweight and is distressed with his body image. He often will eat at the all-you-can-eat buffet and then feels a lack of control due to it. According to the DSM-5 criteria, he will most likely meet the criteria for _____.

binge-eating disorder

Thea is significantly underweight and disturbed with her body image. She tends to use diuretics and laxatives to keep her weight low. She senses a lack of control over eating. According to DSM-5 criteria for anorexia nervosa, she would most likely be diagnosed with the:

binge/purge type

A child diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder is most likely to:

blame others for their own mistakes.

Antagonist drugs used to treat persons with substance dependence:

block or change the effects of the addictive drug, reducing the desire for it.

One of the key differences in DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa is that now diagnosis is based on _____.

body mass index

When we fall asleep and when we awaken are strongly influenced by our biological rhythms, particularly:

body temperature rhythms.

Madeline is highly concerned with her weight and usually engages in a binge/purge cycle twice a month. According to the DSM-5 criteria, she will most likely meet the criteria for _____.

bulimia nervosa of low frequency

Other drugs can be used in conjunction with antidepressants to reduce their sexual side effects. One drug that has proven helpful in this regard is _____.

bupropion

Obesity is associated with all of the following EXCEPT:

caesarian sections

Most men with delayed ejaculation disorder:

can ejaculate with manual or oral stimulation

Fetishism

can involve both hard and soft objects.

Marijuana, weed, pot, grass, reefer, and Mary Jane are terms used to refer to:

cannabis

Which of the following substances has relatively low risk for tolerance?

cannabis

Deficiencies in serotonin might lead the body to crave _____.

carbohydrates

Hostile people have greater secretion of the stress-related biochemicals known as:

catecholamines

After an adult has been asleep for an hour or so, the EEG becomes very active. This stage is known as:

causes are unknown.

People with _____ experience complete cessation of respiratory activity for brief periods of time yet do not have frequent awakenings and do not tend to feel tired during the day.

central sleep apnea

Children who suffer from _____ have significant problems with speaking evenly and smoothly, often voicing frequent repetitions of sounds or syllables.

childhood onset fluency disorder

Clayton often stutters saying things like "I-I-I-I see him". Because the kids at school have started teasing him, the school psychologist has recently diagnosed him as having a _____, so that he can get help.

childhood onset fluency disorder

Armando showed behavioral problems in preschool, and they only seem to have gotten worse as he has gotten older. Now that he is in fourth grade, it has become increasingly problematic. His pediatrician suspects that he has a:

childhood-onset conduct disorder.

Morris was held in a mental health facility against his will. Such an action is called _____.

civil commitment

The term for involuntary hospitalization is _____.

civil commitment

In the Maudsley model of family therapy, parents are:

coached to take control over their child's eating and weight

STEPPS is a _____ therapy treatment for borderline personality disorder.

cognitive

_____ therapies are the most researched treatment for anorexia nervosa.

cognitive behaivoral

Jonas's therapist has been working with him on identifying triggers for explosive outbursts and appraising situations in ways that don't provoke aggression. His therapist is taking a _____ approach.

cognitive behavioral

According to Harvey, _____ maintain insomnia.

cognitive factors

_____ is more effective than _____ in producing complete cessation of binge eating and purging and in preventing relapse over the long term.

cognitive-behavioral therapy; drug therapies

Avoidance coping has been linked to:

compromised recovery of function following surgical procedures.

Marianne has controlling, overprotective, fault-finding parents. In response to their behaviors, she refuses to maintain the minimal body weight she needs for her age and height. Aside from her eating disorder, Marianne will most likely exhibit all of the following behaviors EXCEPT _____.

conformity

Dodge and Pettit developed a model of how aggressive children process information differently from others. They argue that aggressive children are more likely to:

consider a wide variety of possible reactions to others behaviors.

According to a major study on violent activity among former psychiatric patients, _____ may account for the relatively high rates of violence among the former psychiatric patients and the community comparison group.

contextual factors

The DSM-5 approach to diagnosing personality disorders differs from its approach to other types of disorders in that it explicitly incorporates a _____ perspective into the diagnosis.:

continuum

The second stage of alcohol withdrawal includes _____, which may begin as soon as 12 hours after drinking stops but more often appear(s) during the second or third day.

convulsive seizures

Since 1990, more people have died from _____ than from any other cause.

coronary heart disease

All of the following are personality dimensions recognized in the DSM-5 EXCEPT:

creativity

All of the following are personality dimensions recognized in the DSM-5 EXCEPT:

creativity.

_____ The authors of the "DSM-5" decided to categorize rape as a:

criminal act

Malachi has broken into someone's car, cons others, and has shoplifted several times before. These behaviors are all criteria for conduct disorder under _____.

deceitfulness or theft

Abuse of and dependence on alcohol:

decline as people age

A person who has been diagnosed with a cognitive disorder and is experiencing the inability to plan, initiate, monitor, and stop complex behavior is most likely experiencing _____.

deficits in executive functioning

Luther is presenting symptoms of sudden disorientation, confusion, and memory loss after being tackled during a football game. He is showing signs of incoherent speech and doesn't recognize his parents or coach. Luther's condition gets worse at night. Luther is most likely experiencing _____.

delirium

All of the following are withdrawal symptoms associated with opioids, EXCEPT:

delirium tremens.

The third stage of alcohol withdrawal is characterized by:

delirium tremens.

Mary keeps losing her keys and asks the same questions over and over again. To avoid forgetting, she often makes a list of things she has to do but always forgets to look at them later. Mary is most likely in the early stages of _____.

dementia

Which of the following is NOT recognized by the DSM-5 as a distinct personality disorder?

dependent personality disorder

Alcohol is considered a ____ because it ____.

depressant; slows the central nervous system

Rachel has recently been sentenced to prison. She has a history of substance abuse and other psychopathologies. Which of the following symptoms will most likely go unnoticed in Rachel?

depression

Which of the following binge-eating subtypes did Stice et al. identify?

depressive subtype and dieting subtype

_____ may be used to reduce a paraphiliac's anxiety about engaging in normal sexual encounters with other adults.

desensitization procedures

Cognitive theorists suggest that people with avoidant personality disorder:

develop dysfunctional beliefs about being worthless as a result of rejection by important others early in life.

Jonas displays deficits in motor skills like running, catching, and throwing. He finds it very distressing as the other children already tease him because of his attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD. So that he can get occupational therapy to help with the delay, his school psychologist has added a diagnosis of:

developmental coordination disorder.

Which of the following psychotherapies for borderline personality disorder focuses on helping clients gain a more realistic and positive sense of self, learn adaptive skills for solving problems and regulating emotions, and correct dichotomous thinking?

dialectical behavior therapy

According to Stice et al., women with the _____ of binge eating try their best to maintain a strict low-calorie diet, but they frequently fall off the wagon and engage in binge eating.

dieting subtype

A diagnosis of hypoactive sexual desire would be made when an individual:

does not initiate sexual activity due to a lack of desire, does not fantasize about sex, and may be unresponsive when a partner initiates sex.

Binge-eating disorder differs from bulimia nervosa in that the person with binge-eating disorder:

does not regularly engage in purging or excessive exercise

Cocaine prevents the reuptake of _____ into the transmitting neuron, causing it to accumulate in the synapse and maintaining the pleasurable feeling associated with cocaine use.

dopamine

People with schizotypal personality disorder tend to show dysregulation of _____ in the brain.

dopamine

Stimulants used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may work by increasing levels of _____ in the synapses of the brain.

dopamine

The symptoms of Parkinson's disease result from the death of brain cells that produce the neurotransmitter _____.

dopamine

Tourette's disorder and persistent motor or vocal tic disorder respond well to the atypical antipsychotic medications alter _____ systems.

dopamine

Because of his father's antisocial behaviors, Nico's dad has had difficulties keeping good jobs. His family lives in a poor neighborhood and has much financial difficulty. Based on everyone's negativity, he believes the world is against him. He hangs with the wrong kids and displays much of the aggressive and antisocial behaviors. This is an example of:

downward social drift.

Mentally ill men who commit violence are more likely to have been _____ before the violence than are mentally ill women who commit violence.

drinking

Courts that focus specifically on drug offenders often are called _____.

drug courts

Enrique got arrested with a small amount of cocaine and now has been sent to courts that focus specifically on such offenders. He has most likely been sent to _____.

drug courts

Landon is having difficulty learning to read in school. He has poor reading accuracy, a slow rate of reading and a weakness in reading comprehension. If Landon were to be diagnosed with a specific learning disorder, it would most likely be _____.

dyslexia

The most common specific learning disorder is:

dyslexia

The age of onset for intermittent explosion disorder is:

early adulthood

A person diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease at age 45 would be considered to have a(n) _____.

early-onset type

A key communication issue on autistic children is the tendency to repeat words they have heard, a condition known as _____.

echolalia

Mariposa tends to repeat words she hears her mother use. She also tends to reverse her pronouns using you instead of I and also has difficulty intonating pitch and tone. These speech patterns represent _____.

echolalia

Long-term users of this drug risk several cardiac problems and liver failure, and they show increased rates of anxiety, depression, psychotic symptoms, and paranoia. Another effect is teeth-grinding; some users even suck a baby's pacifier at parties to relieve this. Which drug is being discussed here?

ecstasy

Luke and Tracy are attending counseling for their marital difficulties. Luke was reluctant to discuss their sex life with a "total stranger." Tracy insists that the therapist will be able to help them. The therapist probably began their session by doing all of the following EXCEPT:

encouraging the couple to avoid sensitive areas concerning their sexual behavior, especially during intimate moments.

Compared to Asians and Asian Americans, European Americans benefit more from:

explicit forms of seeking social support.

A strong cultural value in many Hispanic groups is _____, or prioritizing the respect and care of one's family over one's individual needs.

familism

_____ involves the use of nonliving objects for sexual arousal or gratification.

fetishistic disorder

The behavioral component of cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating anorexia involves:

giving rewards that are contingent on weight gain

Binge drinking is defined as consuming:

five or more drinks within a couple of hours.

According to a major study on violent activity among former psychiatric patients, it was found that by the end of the year:

former patients were no more likely to commit a violent act than were people in the community comparison group.

Men with mental disorders are _____ times likelier to be incarcerated than men without a mental disorder, and women with a mental disorder are ____ times likelier to be incarcerated than women without a mental disorder.

four; eight

Howard gains sexual gratification by rubbing against and fondling the body parts of nonconsenting adults. In the context of paraphilia, Howard is most likely engaging in _____.

frotteurism

Some drugs, like cocaine and amphetamines produce a strong sense of reward or a "high" by increasing the availability of the neurotransmitter _____.

gamma-aminobutyric acid

Nicholas believes that, despite his male genitalia, he is a woman. Nicholas is likely to be diagnosed with _____.

gender dysphoria

Twin studies have shown that _____ plays a role in avoidant personality disorder.

genetics

In terms of conduct disorder, _____.

girls tend to show high rates of depression as adolescents and adults

Larry is profoundly mentally retarded. His parents were recently killed in a car accident. Larry is unable to care for himself. In the context civil commitment, which of the following criteria does Larry satisfy?

grave disability

The criterion that requires that people be so incapacitated by a mental disorder that they cannot care for their basic needs for food, clothing, and shelter is the _____ criterion.

grave disability

Which of the following types of insanity defense is an alternate to "not guilty by reason of insanity" adopted by some U.S. states?

guilty but mentally ill

Tourette's disorder, persistent motor or vocal tic disorder, and stereotypic movement disorder respond well to a behavioral therapy called:

habit reversal therapy

Tourette's disorder, persistent motor or vocal tic disorder, and stereotypic movement disorder respond well to a behavioral therapy called:

habit reversal therapy.

The _____ are a mixed group of substances, including lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and peyote.

hallucinogens

Hannibal began snorting cocaine about three years ago. He said the first high was the most astounding, exciting, mind-blowing experience he'd ever had. However, he has never been able to recapture that initial euphoria, and now he needs more and more of cocaine to get anywhere near to his first experience. Hannibal:

has developed a tolerance to cocaine.

The insanity defense:

has increasingly become the defense for battered and abused women.

A person being considered for involuntary commitment:

has the right to call and confront witnesses

Children with mild intellectual disability (IDD):

have IQ scores between 50 and 70.

People with antisocial personality disorder:

have a low tolerance for frustration and often act impetuously.

Which form of pedophilia is the most common?

heterosexual men who are attracted to young girls

All of the following are considered serious physical consequences of anorexia EXCEPT:

hiatal hernia

All of the following statements are true regarding people with antisocial personality disorder EXCEPT:

high levels of self-monitoring and self-awareness.

Robert has been experiencing a sexual dysfunction and is seeking medical treatment. Which of the following would be the least likely explanation for his problems?

high levels of testosterone

People in high-stress jobs are at increased risk for coronary heart disease (CHD), particularly if their jobs are:

highly demanding but provide them little control

_____ are more likely to receive a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder, perhaps because the stress is more common among this group.

hispanics

In the DSM-5, _____ is a negative characteristic of the negative affectivity dimension.

hostility

The DSM-5's approach to personality disorders is a _____ model.

hybrid

Cognitively, people with borderline personality disorder are _____ negative emotional stimuli in the environment,

hyperattentive to

As children, people who develop schizotypal personality disorder are:

hypersensitive to criticism

Authors of the "DSM-5" proposed adding the diagnosis of _____ to characterize people with an insatiable desire for sex that they feel is "out of control", but the proposal was rejected.

hypersexual disorder

Studies show that individuals with narcolepsy lack cells in the hypothalamus that secrete a neurotransmitter called _____, which promotes wakefulness.

hypocretin

The idea that children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are unable to maintain their attention and control their behavior at a level appropriate for their age because they are neurologically immature is known as the _____.

immaturity hypothesis

Male erectile disorder is sometimes referred to as _____.

impotence

In the DSM-5, _____ is a negative characteristic of the disinhibition dimension.

impulsivity

When one member of a couple has a sexual dysfunction, it may be the result of problems in the couple's relationship, or it may be contributing to problems in the relationship. For this reason, many therapists prefer to treat sexual dysfunctions:

in the context of the couple's relationship.

The notion of "diminished capacity" refers to being:

incapable of resisting the impulse to commit the crime

The idea that the loss of semen can be detrimental to health is not accepted in Western cultures but is relevant to traditional:

indian and chinese culture

Spectatoring involves:

individuals anxiously attending to reactions and performance during sex as if they were spectators.

Rhonda takes her three daughters to the bridge and pushes them over the railing into the cold waters below. She tells her lawyer that God told her to do it if the she wanted her children to escape from the bad mother that she was. Which of the following is her court-appointed lawyer most likely to use in court to justify her actions?

insanity

Hypersomnulence could be understood as the opposite of:

insomnia

An individual who has insomnia at least three nights per week for at least three months is likely to be diagnosed with ______.

insomnia disorder

In addition to subaverage intellectual functioning, a diagnosis of _____ requires that a child show deficits relative to his or her age group in at least two of the following skill areas: communication, self-care, home living, social or interpersonal skills, use of community resources, self-direction, academic skills, work, leisure, health, and personal safety.

intellectual disability

Malachi is playing baseball when the umpire calls a strike. He explodes and starts screaming at the umpire and even threatens him with the bat. He appears to be "out of control" because of his anger. This is typical of Malachi's reactions to frustration and anger. He may well meet the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for:

intermittent explosion disorder.

Recurrent and frequent acts of impulsive acts of aggression that is out of proportion to the situation are characteristics of:

intermittent explosion disorder.

Vaughn has violent outbursts that scare his coworkers. He has even destroyed property and been arrested for assault. His outbursts are disproportionate to the amount of frustration the incident should generate and has now led to him being fired as well as a no contact order being placed on him from his girlfriend. He may well meet the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for:

intermittent explosion disorder.

Longitudinal studies have shown that women who:

internalize the thin ideal are more likely to develop bulimic symptoms

The behavioral component of cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating bulimia involves:

introducing forbidden foods back into the client's diet

Phenylketonuria (PKU):

involves an inability to metabolize phenylalanine, an amino acid.

People with ____ circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder have sleep that tends to be fragmented into at least three periods per 24 hours?

irregular sleep-wake type

The notion of "diminished capacity" is most closely aligned with the _____ rule.

irresistible impulse

The rule that broadened the insanity defense to include "acts of passion" is the _____.

irresistible impulse rule

Hugo is cunning, charismatic and sadistic. He never accepts responsibility for his actions and blames his illegal activities on watching violent porn as a child. He most likely _____.

is a sociopath

Oppositional defiant disorder:

is common among most children who develop conduct disorder at a later age.

Teresa has been severely depressed and has demonstrated suicidal tendencies. Based on the criteria for involuntary commitment, Teresa:

is imminently suicidal and will most likely be held in a psychiatric facility.

An individual who lacks the capacity to understand information, to think rationally about alternative courses of action, to make good choices, and to appreciate one's situation as a criminal defendant:

is likely to be judged incompetent to stand trial.

Zain has had a delinquency issue since he was a young child; he lives with Noelle who has no conduct problems. It is likely that he:

is likely to cease his delinquent acts permanently

Which of the following statements is true of bulimia nervosa?

it is much more common in women than in men, and more common in Caucasians that in African Americans

A problem associated with the M'Naghten rule is:

it requires that a person not know right from wrong at the time of the crime in order to be judged not guilty by reason of insanity.

A depersonalization syndrome known as _____, thought to result from semen loss, has been reported by several Asian cultures. This syndrome involves acute anxiety, a feeling of panic and impending death, and a delusion that the penis is shrinking into the body and disappearing.

koro

Surveys in the United States have indicated that

less educated and poorer men and women tend to experience more sexual dysfunctions.

Which of the following is NOT a reason why men and women of a lower socioeconomic status may experience more sexual dysfunctions?

less imbalance of power in relationships

Logan showed behavioral problems in preschool, and they only seem to have gotten worse as he has gotten older. He is more likely to continue to engage in antisocial behaviors into adulthood then kids who developed the behavioral patterns at a later age, a pattern called:

life-course-persistent antisocial behavior

While the conduct problems of some youth diminish with age, many children with conduct disorder continue to violate social norms in adolescence and adulthood in a pattern called _____.

life-course-persistent antisocial behavior

Men with the _____ form of male erectile disorder have never been able to sustain an erection for a desired period of time.

lifelong

Conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder are found more frequently in children in _____ and in _____.

lower socioeconomic classes; urban areas

In the DSM-5, various forms of dementia are likely to be subsumed under one overarching category, _____.

major and mild neurocognitive disorders

Almost 90 percent of the people who are acquitted after pleading the insanity defense are _____, and two-thirds are _____.

male; White

The goal of the stop-start technique is for the:

man to gain control over his ejaculations and to enjoy the sensation of being in the woman's vagina.

Children and adults with profound intellectual disability:

may achieve vocabularies of 300 to 400 words as adults

Children and adults with profound intellectual disability:

may achieve vocabularies of 300 to 400 words as adults.

Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who begin taking stimulants:

may experience an increase in the frequency of tics.

Administering _____ at prescribed times during the day has been shown to enhance shifts of circadian rhythms in individuals with delayed sleep phase type, jet lag type, and shift work type circadian rhythm disorder.

melatonin

The stop-start technique is used primarily to help:

men who have premature ejaculations to learn to control their ejaculations.

The doctrine that a person must have a "guilty mind" is known as _____ in Latin.

mens rea

Some states have developed _____, in which judges who specialize in working with mental health and social service professionals review the cases of offenders with mental disorders and divert offenders into treatment and rehabilitation.

mental health courts

Gradual withdrawal from heroin can be achieved with _____.

methadone

The results of drug treatment studies for borderline personality disorder have been:

mixed

Compared to individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder, those with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder tend to have:

more general concerns with order.

Women with low sexual desire are:

more likely than men to report anxiety, depression, and life stress

Children with conduct disorder are:

more likely to have parents with antisocial behaviors.

A substance is defined as any:

natural or synthesized product that has psychoactive effects.

Most women:

need oral or manual stimulation of the clitoris to achieve orgasm

Which of the following is the most common pharmacological treatment method used for nicotine dependence?

nicotine replacement therapy

Atomoxetine, clonidine, and guanfacine are used in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and operate by affecting the levels of _____.

norepinephrine

Harvey was found to be so mentally incapacitated at the time he murdered his wife that it was determined he could not conform to the rules of society. Consequently, he should be found:

not guilty by reason of insanity.

The Nun Study, a longitudinal study of several hundred elderly nuns in the School Sisters of Notre Dame, showed that:

nuns who entered old age with greater intellectual strength were less likely to develop severe dementia.

_____ is not designated as an eating disorder by the DSM-5.

obesity

Cognitive theories suggest that people with _____ personality disorder harbor beliefs such as "Flaws, defects, or mistakes are intolerable."

obsessive-compulsive

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD):

often place great importance on routine and rituals.

Humberto often loses his temper, argues with his teacher and parents, and his parents report he is vindictive. He is not aggressive toward people or shoplifts but he is hostile in general. Humberto is likely to have a _____.

oppositional defiant disorder

Tyrell appears to be deliberately trying to annoy the other kids in his class. He sometimes refuses to do what his teachers tell him and gives many reasons why he shouldn't have to do his work. His mom reports that he is sometimes sweet and other times rude, but he appears to get angry easily. Tyrell is likely to have a _____.

oppositional defiant disorder

_____ is the discharge of the neuromuscular tension built up during the excitement and plateau phases.

orgasm

Epidemiological studies show that the most common eating disorder diagnosis is:

other specified feeding or eating disorder

The DSM-5 allows the diagnosis _____ for individuals who have some severe symptoms of anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa but do not meet the criteria for either disorder.

other specified feeding or eating disorder

In the "DSM-5", a _____ would be defined as a specific pattern of urges, fantasies, or behaviors, while diagnosis of a _____ would be given only when it causes distress or impairment, or entails harm or risk of harm to others.

paraphilia; paraphilic disorder

_____ is characterized by sexual activities that focus on nonliving objects, prepubescent children, nonconsenting adults, suffering, or humiliation.

paraphillia

Researchers conducting a longitudinal study in Oregon, which followed a large group of adolescents, coined the label _____ for syndromes on the less severe end of the continuum of eating disorders that don't meet the full criteria for anorexia or bulimia nervosa.

partial-syndrome eating disorders

This process of splitting, whereby individuals with borderline personality disorder see themselves and other people as either all good or all bad, was theorized in the _____ school of thought.

psychoanalytic

_____ is the erotic preference for prepubescent children.

pedophilia

Deconditioning a woman's particular automatic response is an especially effective treatment for ______.

pelvic muscle tightening

Kathleen Vohs and colleagues suggested that disordered eating is especially likely to result when body dissatisfaction is combined with:

perfectionism and low self-esteem

Individuals with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder tend to be highly:

perfectionistic

The statements "What if I can't get an erection? I'll die of embarrassment!" and "I've got to have an orgasm, or he'll think I don't love him!" are both indicative of _____.

performance anxiety

Tobias has been having trouble performing adequately in his sexual encounters. He now finds himself worrying before and during sex, which seems to exacerbate his problems. Which of the following explanations might be most appropriate in this situation?

performance anxiety

Oswaldo displays multiple motor tics, like facial grimacing, jerking his head, and neck stretching, but no vocal tics. Because he has only a motor tic and is not displaying vocal tics, his doctor has diagnosed him with:

persistent motor or vocal tic disorder.

A(n) _____ trait is a complex pattern of behavior, thought, and feeling that is stable across time and across many situations.

personality

_____ determines all the ways we have of acting, thinking, believing, and feeling that make each of us unique.

personality

If an individual does not meet the criteria for any of the DSM-V personality disorders but still has significant difficulties in his or her sense of self and relationships together with pathological personality traits, a clinician may give a diagnosis of:

personality disorder—trait specified.

In the DSM-IVTR autism was included in a category called _____.

pervasive developmental disorders

People with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder tend to have slightly greater histories of _____ than people with no personality disorder.

physical neglect

During the _____ phase of the sexual response cycle, excitement remains at a high but stable level.

plateau

A comprehensive assessment of how people sleep can be obtained by a _____ evaluation.

polysomnographic

Psychoanalytic theorists, particularly those in the object relations school, suggest that people with borderline personality disorder have:

poorly developed views of themselves and others.

All of the following are components of the Type A pattern as originally formulated, EXCEPT:

predictability of reactions.

A child, whose symptoms include slow retrieval of information from memory, slow processing of information, low levels of alertness, drowsiness, and daydreaming, would most likely receive a diagnosis of the _____ type of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

predominantly inattentive

Raine et al. found that differences in the brains between males and females with antisocial personality disorder accounted for the differences in the number of antisocial symptoms they had. Specifically, it was differences in the volume of the:

prefrontal cortex

Al's wife has been complaining about their sex life. She feels he is experiencing difficulty controlling his orgasms. Like many young men, Al is likely experiencing _____.

premature ejaculation

The most common form of orgasmic disorder in men is _____.

premature ejaculation

Incompetency to stand trial differs from insanity in legal terms in that it:

refers to the inability of the defendant to understand the charges against him

ncompetency to stand trial differs from insanity in legal terms in that it:

refers to the inability of the defendant to understand the charges against him.

The ApoE gene:

regulates the protein which is involved in the transport of cholesterol through the blood.

Gossiping, cyber bullying, and getting others to ostracize someone are all behaviors that exemplify:

relational aggression

In terms of antisocial behavior, girls appear to engage in _____, such as excluding their peers, gossiping about them, and colluding with others to damage the social status of their targets, more so than boys.

relational aggression

Nadia excludes other girls from play, gossips about her "friends," and has ganged up with other girls to cyber bully others. These are examples of:

relational aggression

Gossiping, cyber bullying, and getting others to ostracize someone are all behaviors that exemplify:

relational aggression.

Some researchers argue that antisocial behavior in girls isn't rare, it just takes another form such as engaging in

relational aggression.

Some researchers argue that antisocial behavior in girls isn't rare, it just takes another form such as engaging in:

relational aggression.

Zoila shows moderate intellectual disability but has an exceptionally high ability in math. She can ask you what day your birthday is and tell you immediately what day of the year you were born on. Individuals like Zoila are considered _____.

savants

A criterion for a diagnosis of _____ personality disorder is a distorted self-concept.

schizotypal

Which personality disorder is characterized by an unstable or disorganized identity and they tend to have odd beliefs, perceptions, and self presentations?

schizotypal personality disorder

Teresa seems emotionally detached. Most people think that she is a snob. Teresa likes activities where she can be alone. She views relationships with others as unrewarding, messy, and intrusive. She has very few friends outside of her first-degree relatives. Teresa is most likely to be diagnosed with:

schizotypal personality disorder.

Some couples in long-term relationships have abandoned _____, activities that arouse sexual interest in both partners.

seduction rituals

_____ appear(s) to reduce repetitive behaviors and aggression, and improve social interactions in some people with autism spectrum disorder.

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Individuals' beliefs that they can engage in the behaviors to attain goals are known as:

self-efficacy beliefs

When Tina was four years old, her parents were concerned about her expressive language. She spoke only in two- or three-word sentences. Tina was also unable to feed and dress herself. Her IQ score was 23. Tina's psychologist most likely diagnosed her with _____.

severe intellectual disability

One type of personal trauma often associated with sexual desire disorders in women is _____.

sexual assault

A female who does not experience the normal physiological changes that make up the excitement or arousal phase of the sexual response cycle is most likely exhibiting symptoms of _____.

sexual interest/arousal disorder

Sarah feels sex is not exciting and has barely had any sexual relations with her husband since her daughter, Amy, was born. Sarah is most likely experiencing _____.

sexual interest/arousal disorder

_____ is caused when a baby is shaken, leading to intracranial injury and retinal hemorrhage.

shaken baby syndrome

Most psychosocial theories of gender dysphoria focus on the role parents play in:

shaping their children's gender identity.

If Winslow, the defense attorney enters an insanity defense, Tallulah, the defendant will be affirmed insane by the M'Naghten rule if:

she did not know what she was doing was wrong at the time of the crime.

Kayla has been diagnosed with moderate intellectual disability. Which of the following is mostly likely to be true about her?

she may not be able to travel alone or shop or cook for herself

Children who have been diagnosed with conduct disorder:

show abnormal cortisol levels both at rest and in response to a stressor.

People diagnosed with avoidant personality disorder:

shun interactions if there is a possibility of being criticized.

Which of the following medications results in an increase in blood pressure and heart rate?

sibutramine

Family studies show that the relatives of people with substance-related disorders are _____ more likely to have a substance disorder than are the relatives of people with no such disorder.

significantly more likely

Dementias that follow _____ are more likely to dissipate with time than are dementias that follow _____.

single closed head injuries; repeated closed head injuries

When people with narcolepsy waken, they may experience brief periods when they can't move or speak, referred to as:

sleep paralysis

Which of the following is characterized by episodes of decreased breathing associated with high carbon dioxide levels?

sleep-related hypoventiliation

Paula has been participating in sports since she was five. She is now at the elite level in her sport, and is under pressure to lose weight. She has developed some characteristics of anorexia. Paula is least likely to be participating in _____.

soccer

Marisol in third grade and when her teacher says "Hi", she doesn't respond with anything back. When the other kids ask her questions like "What did you do this weekend?" she also fails to respond appropriately. The school psychologist has recently diagnosed her as having a:

social communication disorder.

Which of the following drugs is known to reduce disruptive behaviors in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

stimulants

Fred and Jennifer are having marital difficulties. He says that her negative attitude toward sex is frustrating. Jennifer admits that she goes overboard sometimes, but can't seem to change the way she thinks about sex. All of the following may contribute to Jennifer's negative perception of sexual intercourse EXCEPT _____.

socioeconomic status

Individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder are:

somewhat more often from lower socioeconomic classes.

Rose anxiously attends to her reactions and performance during sex by checking her position, rhythm, and breathing. Rose's behavior is referred to as _____.

spectatoring

Children with _____ do not use speech sounds appropriate for their age or dialect; they may substitute one sound for another or omit certain sounds.

speech sound disorder

Delaney is in second grade but still makes errors in articulation and enunciation, saying things like "look at that wabbit". Or saying "bu" instead of "blue". The school psychologist has recently diagnosed her as having a:

speech sound disorder.

The second stage of sleep includes _____________ short runs of rhythmical responses of 12 to 16 hertz.

spindles

Jennifer has been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. Her therapist noticed that she sees things as either "all good" or "all bad." This process is called _____.

splitting

Psychoanalytic theory suggests that the instability in emotions and interpersonal relationships seen in people with borderline personality disorder is due to:

splitting

Psychologists have linked the historical and cross-cultural differences in the prevalence of eating disorders to:

standards of beauty for women

The DSM-5 authors have combined substance abuse and dependence into one diagnosis called:

substance use-disorder

Clea has been using cocaine for a while now. She has been without any cocaine for 24 hours and as a result is experiencing strange behaviors and physiological responses. She is most likely showing signs of:

substance withdrawal

Albert has a history of alcohol dependence and abuse. He now has difficulties experiencing pleasure and sustaining an erection. Albert's physician would most likely diagnose his condition as _____.

substance-induced sexual dysfunction

Dominic has been seeing Dr. Provine for help with his eating disorder. In a highly nondirective manner, Dr. Provine helps Dominic talk about problems related to his eating disorder, including those related to his interpersonal relationships. This is an example of _____.

supportive-expressive psychodynamic therapy

Which of the following high school students is most likely to develop an eating disorder?

susan, who is a gymnast

The focus of sensate focus therapy is:

sustaining pleasure

Drug treatments for people with borderline personality disorders have focused on reducing:

symptoms of anxiety and depression

"Sundowning" is a term used to indicate that:

symptoms of delirium worsen at night.

Estella's therapist has her repeat phrases to help her avoid reacting negatively to situations. Her therapist's use of self-talk is trying to:

teach her to control impulsive behaviors.

If a therapist and a child are discussing how to respond to another child that has cut in line in the cafeteria the therapist is attempting to:

teach the child adaptive problem solving skills.

The first step in cognitive-behavioral therapy is to:

teach the child to recognize situations that trigger anger or aggressive impulses.

The crucial component of cognitive therapy with clients diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder is:

teaching them to look for objective evidence for their thoughts in the environment and to disregard bizarre thoughts.

Research suggests that violent behavior among mentally ill women:

tends to be underestimated by clinicians.

One long-standing theory is that aggressiveness, such as that shown by people with antisocial personality disorder, is linked to the hormone _____.

testosterone

Research has shown that males with high levels of the hormone _____ are more likely to demonstrate aggressive behavior than males with lower levels.

testosterone

Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more likely than children without a psychological disturbance to belong to families:

that experience frequent disruptions, and aggressive parents.

The ruling in Barrett v. United States (1977) established:

that temporary insanity created by the voluntary use of alcohol or drugs did not qualify a defendant for acquittal by reason of insanity.

Which subtype of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) includes six or more symptoms of inattention and six or more symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity?

the combined type

Which of the following is the driving force behind most people's attempt to lose weight?

the desire to reduce body dissatisification

Prior to the mid-twentieth century, in the United States _____ was sufficient cause to hospitalize people against their will and force them to undergo treatment.

the need for treatment

Which type of anorexia involves eating very small amounts of food each day, in part simply to stay alive and in part because of pressure from others to eat?

the restricting type

What are the two types of anorexia recognized by the DSM-5?

the restricting type and binge/purge type

In _____, the partner applies pressure to the tip of the penis when ejaculation is imminent.

the squeeze technique

In the event that the defendant, Carson, is judged incompetent to stand trial, _____.

the trial may be postponed as long as there is reason to believe he will become competent

O'Connor v. Donaldson (1975) established:

the unconstitutionality of confining a nondangerous individual.

Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder may involve:

tightening of muscles

Cerebrovascular disease occurs due to:

tissue damage in the brain due to a shortage of blood supply.

Mark likes to dress up in women's clothing. He is especially fond of formal eveningwear. Mark's behavior is an example of _____.

transvestism

Down syndrome is also referred to as _____.

trisomy 21

Therapist who work with people with gender identity disorder typically:

try to help them clarify their gender identity and desire for treatment

Which of the following is one of the top five leading causes of death in the twenty-first century?

tuberculosis

A core characteristic of bulimia nervosa is:

uncontrolled eating

Gina has been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. Which of the following would best describe Gina's mood?

unstable

In sex therapy, the client's cognitions while engaging in new sexual exercises are:

used as material for discussion in therapy sessions

Studies of Asians and Asian Americans find that they derive more emotional and physiological benefit from their social network by:

using more implicit forms of seeking social support.

James' laboratory test indicated evidence of cerebrovascular disease. He is also exhibiting signs of dementia. Which diagnosis is James most likely to receive?

vascular neurocognitive disorder

Which of the following is a popular treatment for male erectile disorder?

viagra

_____ is a form of sexual arousal by watching another person undress, do things in the nude, or have sex.

voyeurism

A therapist who treats a patient with anorexia should:

win and maintain the client's trust and encourage participation

Which of the following is NOT a specific learning disorder academic subskill in DSM-5?

with impairment in oral expression

In the DSM-5, _____ is a negative characteristic of the detachment dimension.

withdrawal

Which form of pedophilia is the rarest?

women who are attracted to young children