PSYCH 40 SECTION 2 TEST

The testes typically produce ____________, which shape infants' bodies into a form typical of males.

androgens

Most people feel their biological sexes match their

core gender identities

sexual orientation is primarily about

erotic attraction, affectionate relationships and emotional attachments.

The understanding that gender is permanent is called

gender constancy

Increased pressure to conform to gender roles is called

gender-intensification

The criteria for deciding an intersexed child's "optimal gender" may be sexist in that

in those children who are assigned as females, reproductive capability is given more weight. in those children who are assigned as males, sexual function is given more weight. sexual pleasure is deemed more important for males than for females.

Those individuals whose biological sex is not completely, clearly male or female are referred to as

intersexed

Girls' dissatisfaction with how they look

is worse than boys' dissatisfaction since boys gain muscle rather than fat. is linked to the rapid and normal weight gain of puberty. is worse than boys' dissatisfaction since girls are more likely to defined by their physical selves.

Regarding sexual harassment, which of the following is NOT true?

it usually occurs in isolated areas without people around

In males, __________________ prevents the embryo's internal structures from developing into female organs.

mullerian duct inhibiting hormone

Manifestations of the preference for sons over daughters around the world include instances of

neglect and starvation of girls in infancy. selective abortions of female fetuses. a greater number of female infanticides than male infanticides.

Jamal's father is mowing the lawn. Jamal received a toy lawnmower for his birthday, and starts to follow his Father around the yard, "mowing." Jamal has learned through

observation

By age two or three, children can identify their own sexes; however, they may believe

people can change sex by changing their hairstyles or clothing

Social learning theory states people learn characteristic behavior patterns through the process of

reinforcement

Hostile acts attempting to damage another person's relationships or social standing are called

relational aggression

Once children have learned gender schemas, they pay more attention to ________ models than _______ models.

same-gender; other-gender

The act of stifling one's own feelings and thoughts so one can fit in and be seen as a nice girl is called

self-silencing

Which of the following statements about biological sex is FALSE?

sex is fixed at conception

the process during which sex is formed in prenatal development is called

sexual differentation

Menstruation is associated in our society with

shame and disgust. a normal, natural part of life. an unacceptable topic of conversation.

When they play alone, boys and girls' play styles are ____________, but when they play in groups, their play styles become ________________.

similar; increasing gender-typed

With regards to social construction, sex is a process of

social consensus and social enforcement of beliefs

Cosmetic genital surgery can be viewed as harmful to infants because

the child's sexual anatomy is changed without the child's (or often parents') consent. withholds of personal medical information from intersex people. results may include a loss of sexual sensation and the ability to have orgasms.

If there is a genetic component to sexual orientation,

there is no single gene determining sex orientation

The textbook suggests that girls may want to be tomboys because

they are aware of the status advantages of men

Genetically, a female is someone who has ______ chromosomes, and a male is someone who has _______ chromosome.

two X, an X and Y

In interactions with peers, boys, in comparison to girls, have been found to

use physical dominance more than verbal persuasion

Body dissatisfaction is more common among _______________ girls than among _______________ girls. Group of answer choices

white; black

About ______ of babies vary in some way from the "norm" of the binary sexes. Group of answer choices

1.7%

Research has shown that sex chromosomes directly affect

NONE of the above

a transsexual

a person who emotionally and psychologically feels that they belong to the opposite sex.