Psych: Ch 12 (Substance Use and Addictive Disorders)
B
122. Cocaine abusers on an inpatient ward earn rewards-and eventual release from the program-if they produce periodic urine samples that are free of the drug. The program they are in is a form of: A) behavioral self-control training (BSCT). B) contingency training. C) relapse-prevention training. D) detoxification.
C
126. Jason, a recovering heavy drinker, has been trained to identify the situations that might cause him to drink and to be aware of when he should stop drinking. This approach is known as: A) aversive therapy. B) ego-control therapy. C) relapse-prevention training. D) behavioral self-control training.
C
129. Detoxification procedures may involve any of the following, EXCEPT: A) giving the client other drugs to reduce withdrawal symptoms during detoxification. B) gradually reducing the dose of the substance the client uses. C) initially increasing the substance dose to make the substance aversive. D) All the above are commonly-used detoxification procedures.
A
13. If all you know about someone is that the person has been binge drinking in the past month, then you know the person had at least: A) five drinks at a time at least once, and probably is a male. B) five drinks at a time at least once, and probably is a female. C) five drinks at a time at least twice, and probably is a male. D) ten drinks at a time at least twice, and probably is a male.
B
131. The purpose of an antagonist drug is to: A) stimulate the client to care about becoming drug-free. B) block or change the effect of an addictive drug. C) reduce withdrawal effects as one goes off a drug. D) provide a placebo effect to replace the drug effect.
C
15. Women tolerate alcohol LESS well than men because: A) they have a higher proportion of body fat. B) they drink alcohol in more concentrated forms. C) they have less of a stomach enzyme that breaks down alcohol. D) they metabolize alcohol in the liver less well.
C
16. Because alcohol binds to neurons that normally receive the neurotransmitter GABA, it is not surprising that alcohol: A) makes people feel sad. B) makes people throw up. C) relaxes people. D) is a stimulant.
D
17. In women, the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase is found at: A) higher levels in the brain, making them more susceptible to getting drunk. B) higher levels in the kidneys, making them more likely to develop cirrhosis. C) higher levels in the fatty tissue, making them more likely to retain alcohol. D) lower levels in the stomach, making them more susceptible to getting drunk.
B
22. A friend of yours who has been recently doing some recent heavy drinking asks you what to do to "sober up" as quickly as possible. Your BEST answer would be: A) "Drink hot coffee, with or without cream or sugar." B) "Stop drinking." C) "Rest with a cold towel wrapped around your head." D) "Drink carbonated soda."
C
24. A full-time college student has just become a college dropout. The chances that alcohol was a factor in the dropping out is about: A) one in twenty. B) one in ten. C) one in four. D) one in two.
D
26. According to a recent study by Henry Wechsler and his colleagues at the Harvard School of Public Health, the BEST predictor of college binge drinking is: A) being an athlete. B) being a white male. C) having a business major. D) being in a social fraternity.
B
3. A college professor's work performance recently has deteriorated, and his colleagues find him difficult to talk to. If this is due to a problem with drugs, the best description of this professor's behavior as detailed above would be: A) substance dependence. B) substance abuse. C) tolerance. D) withdrawal.
B
30. A person you know has just started experiencing delirium tremens. Probably they will last: A) two or three days, with no significant health risk. B) two or three days, with a significant risk of problems like seizure or stroke. C) about a week, with no significant health risk. D) about a week, with a significant risk of problems like seizure or stroke.
C
31. In what proportion of suicides and rapes in the United States does alcoholism play a role? A) one-tenth B) one-quarter C) one-third D) over one half
D
33. A patient in an alcohol rehabilitation center tells you a detailed story about growing up in the mountains of Tennessee. Later, you find out that the person in fact never even visited Tennessee. A day later you visit the patient again, and the patient does not recognize you. Most likely, the patient is suffering from: A) fetal alcohol syndrome. B) cirrhosis. C) withdrawal of delirium. D) Korsakoff's syndrome.
C
34. A combination of alcohol abuse and a vitamin-B deficiency can lead to: A) delirium tremens. B) Tourette's syndrome. C) Korsakoff's syndrome. D) alcohol-induced psychotic disorder.
A
35. Kelly is a long-time serious drinker. In the last year she has started having huge memory lapses. When this happens she makes up wild stories to help her fill in what she does not remember. This symptom is called: A) confabulation. B) Korsakoff's syndrome. C) Wernicke's encephalopathy. D) alcohol-induced psychotic disorder.
C
36. Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can damage the developing embryo and fetus, resulting in: A) excessively large babies. B) sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). C) fetal alcohol syndrome. D) neonatal Korsakoff's syndrome.
B
37. A pattern of abnormalities, head and facial deformities, heart defects, and intellectual development disorder characterizes someone with: A) Korsakoff's syndrome B) fetal alcohol syndrome. C) alcohol abuse syndrome. D) substance abuse syndrome.
C
41. Because of the likelihood of convulsions, withdrawal from ______ is especially dangerous. A) heroin B) cocaine C) barbiturates D) amphetamine
C
42. If a physician wanted to relieve anxiety with a LESSER risk of drowsiness, overdose, and slowed breathing, the physician would prescribe: A) barbiturates. B) alcohol. C) benzodiazepines. D) cocaine.
A
43. A wounded veteran of the U.S. Civil War suffering from "soldiers' disease" MOST likely was suffering from: A) morphine dependence. B) THC-induced symptoms from wound binding made of hemp cloth. C) alcohol dependence. D) cirrhosis caused by drinking medicine dissolved in ethyl alcohol.
A
44. A friend says, "I want to minimize my risks of organ damage and long-lasting mental change," and then asks, "What kind of drug should I most avoid?" Your BEST response is: A) "Alcohol." B) "Opioids." C) "Stimulants, especially amphetamines." D) "Barbiturates."
C
45. Of the following, which has the LOWEST risks for drug dependency and long-term behavioral change? A) amphetamines B) alcohol C) cannabis D) barbiturates
D
56. Why is the risk of transmitting AIDS an important factor for heroin users? A) because heroin facilitates the body's receptivity to AIDS B) because heroin lowers immune system function C) because heroin is a good medium in which viruses can grow D) because heroin users often share needles infected with the AIDS virus
B
59. A person who recently injected cocaine reports reaching the peak of euphoria. Usually, that euphoria: A) precedes the peak of dopamine-using neuron activity by about 5 minutes. B) occurs at about the same time as the peak of dopamine-using neuron activity. C) follows the peak of dopamine-using neuron activity by about 5 minutes. D) follows the peak of dopamine-using neuron activity by at least 10 minutes.
B
6. Melanie has been out with friends and has been using drugs. In spite of being obviously uncoordinated and under the influence, she wants to drive her car. Her condition is an example of: A) addiction. B) intoxication. C) hallucinosis. D) physical dependence.
B
68. About what percentage of the population in the United States abuses or is dependent on cocaine? A) less than 1 percent B) 3 percent C) 5 percent D) 10 percent
D
74. The stimulant used by MORE people in the world than any other is: A) nicotine. B) cocaine (including free-based and crack forms). C) amphetamines. D) caffeine.
C
101. One longitudinal study found that men who develop alcoholism were initially MORE: A) antisocial as adults. B) aggressive as children. C) impulsive in adolescence. D) depressed in adolescence.
D
118. Of the following alternatives, the MOST commonly used form of treatment for a substance abuse disorder is: A) hospital inpatient. B) outpatient mental health center. C) inpatient rehabilitation. D) self-help groups.
C
25. One study shows that, in "substance-free" dorms, the percent of students who are binge drinkers is: A) less than one-tenth the percent of students, nationwide, who are binge drinkers. B) about one-quarter the percent of students, nationwide, who are binge drinkers. C) about one-half the percent of students, nationwide, who are binge drinkers. D) equal to the percent of students, nationwide, who are binge drinkers.
D
38. Nan took a drug and a few minutes later felt calm and drowsy. Then she went to sleep. Nan probably took: A) heroin. B) cocaine. C) cannabis. D) a barbiturate.
C
39. Barbiturates were first prescribed to help people: A) diet. B) deal with the stresses of war. C) sleep. D) deal with pain.
B
4. A frequent drug user finds that larger doses of a drug are necessary to produce the same "high" that much lower doses once produced. That drug user is developing: A) withdrawal symptoms. B) tolerance. C) hallucinosis. D) intoxication.
A
40. Benzodiazepines primarily affect the neurotransmitter: A) GABA. B) serotonin. C) dopamine. D) norepinephrine.
A
90. Which of the following is a negative effect of cannabis use? A) decrease in fertility B) the possibility of stroke C) the possibility of heart attack D) strong withdrawal symptoms upon stopping
D
91. If someone opposes the medical use of THC, MOST likely, the person may do so because: A) scientific research shows no legitimate medical application of THC. B) the physiological side effects substantially outweigh the known medical benefits. C) "medical use" is just another way of saying "legalized pot." D) of legal or moral reasons.
B
92. Which of the following statements is MOST accurate regarding cannabis in the United States? A) Cannabis is native to the United States and has been used for several centuries in North America for medical and recreational purposes. B) Cannabis was introduced into the United States about 100 years ago and was first used for medical purposes. C) Cannabis was introduced into the United States about 100 years ago and was first used for recreational purposes. D) Cannabis was introduced into the United States about 100 years ago and was used from the beginning for both recreational and medical purposes.
A
137. Alcoholics Anonymous supports the belief that alcoholics should: A) cease drinking entirely. B) learn to stop after one drink. C) be taught to drink more moderately. D) admit that they are morally reprehensible for drinking.
C
19. A person has ingested enough ethyl alcohol to lose consciousness, but not enough to produce death. The MOST probable alcohol concentration in that person, expressed as a percent of blood volume, is: A) .03. B) .09. C) .40. D) .70.
B
84. The MOST powerful form of cannabis is: A) ganja. B) hashish. C) marijuana. D) free-based THC.
A
9. A person who experiences vomiting and shaking when he tries to stop drinking alcohol has developed: A) withdrawal reactions. B) increased tolerance. C) hallucinosis. D) intoxication.
B
117. A friend says, "I'm thinking about getting some help for my problem drinking. What's the most commonly used form of treatment?" Your BEST answer is: A) "private doctor's offices" B) "self-help groups." C) "inpatient rehabilitation." D) "outpatient mental health centers."
D
12. Alcohol works as a central nervous system depressant by: A) stimulating the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters. B) blocking the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters. C) unbinding receptors on neurons. D) binding to receptors on neurons.
B
130. Jess thought she was taking an aspirin. But later when she had a glass of wine and became very nauseated she realized the pill was: A) naloxone. B) disulfiram. C) naltrexone. D) methadone.
C
18. The blood-alcohol level that typically produces the symptoms of intoxication is ______ of the blood volume. A) .01 percent B) .06 percent C) .09 percent D) .55 percent
A
32. The scarring of the liver caused by alcohol consumption is known as: A) cirrhosis. B) hemorrhaging. C) vasoconstriction. D) Korsakoff's syndrome.
C
5. The long-term pattern of maladaptive behavior caused by the regular use of some chemical or drug is called: A) tolerance. B) intoxication. C) substance abuse. D) hallucinosis.
B
50. Serina has just had an injection of heroin. She feels intense pleasure very quickly. This is known as: A) a nod. B) a rush. C) a high. D) intoxication.
C
57. A person would be LEAST likely to feel drowsy soon after taking a moderate dose of which type of drug? A) barbiturates B) ethyl alcohol C) amphetamines D) opium
A
58. Cocaine and amphetamines produce: A) similar behavioral effects, and similar emotional effects. B) similar behavioral effects, but different emotional effects. C) different behavioral effects, but similar emotional effects. D) different behavioral effects, and different emotional effects.
B
63. The proportion of Americans over the age of 11 who smoke is about: A) 1/10. B) 1/3. C) 1/2. D) 2/3
C
64. A friend asks you for advice about how to stop smoking. Based on the data, your best advice to your friend would be: A) "Try a self-help kit, and stick with it. Most people who try to quit smoking succeed only if they can quit on their first try." B) "Try a self-help kit, then try it again and again. Most people who try to quit smoking succeed only after they've failed to quit several times." C) "Try aversion therapy, for example, rapid smoking." D) "Support groups have the best long-term results."
B
65. Methods of supplying nicotine to those who are trying to quit smoking include all of the following except: A) nicotine nasal spray. B) the subcutaneous nicotine pump. C) the nicotine patch. D) nicotine gum.
A
66. Research suggests that people continue to use tobacco despite its health risks because: A) nicotine is so addictive. B) they are not aware of the dangers. C) it decreases their level of stress. D) it is acceptable to smoke in U.S. culture.
A
67. Free-basing has the effect of making cocaine: A) more concentrated. B) able to be injected. C) cheaper. D) condense into a liquid.
B
85. The duration of most of the effects of cannabis is about: A) one hour. B) two to six hours. C) one to two days. D) a week.
A
149. "Internet use disorder" is not in the DSM-5, but if it is included in the next edition, a research-based estimate of the percentage of people in the United States who would fit the diagnostic criteria would be about: A) 1 percent. B) 5 percent. C) 10 percent. D) over 15 percent.
C
2. Which of the following would NOT be considered a "drug"? A) heroin B) caffeine C) sugar D) nicotine
A
49. All the opioid drugs are known collectively as: A) narcotics. B) endorphins. C) depressants. D) hallucinogens.
C
103. "Drug dependence may develop because one finds drug use rewarding when it reduces tension." Which view of substance abuse would MOST agree with this statement? A) biological B) sociocultural C) behavioral D) psychodynamic
C
52. The pleasant feeling called a "high" produced by using narcotics is due to: A) an increase in the release of the neurotransmitter serotonin. B) the opponent process caused by IV injection. C) the drug attaching to sites normally receptive to endorphins. D) the drug flooding neurotransmitter synapses with dopamine.
D
94. Probably the WORST thing one who has "partied hard" with alcohol could do right after drinking would be to: A) drink four or more cups of coffee. B) eat a small to medium-sized meal. C) sleep it off without taking drugs to minimize aftereffects. D) take some barbiturates to fall asleep.
B
132. The use of narcotic antagonists can be dangerous. This is based on their ability to initiate: A) respiratory failure. B) severe withdrawal. C) neurological damage. D) addiction to the antagonist.
B
100. According to recent studies, in a random sample of 24 employed adults, you would expect that about 2 of them would be using an illegal drug. In a random sample of 24 unemployed adults, how many illegal drug users would you expect to find? A) 2 B) 4 C) 8 D) 16
D
47. Unlike the opioid drugs morphine and heroin, methadone: A) is not a narcotic. B) is a central nervous system depressor. C) causes nausea. D) is synthetic.
D
1. The perceptual distortions some drugs produce are called: A) intoxication. B) substance dependence. C) substance abuse. D) hallucinosis.
A
10. Which of the following is a depressant? A) opioids B) cocaine C) LSD D) amphetamines
D
102. Studies attempting to relate personality traits to potential for developing substance abuse show that: A) one key personality trait, impulsivity, predicts substance abuse. B) one key personality trait, dependence, predicts substance abuse. C) a specific group of traits predicts substance abuse. D) no single trait or combination of traits predicts substance abuse.
C
104. A manager who feels anxious about speaking in front of large groups frequently has a couple of glasses of wine to "relax" before beginning to speak. This "medicinal" use of alcohol can be explained MOST easily: A) by opponent-process theory. B) through molecular biological analysis. C) by operant conditioning. D) as genetic predisposition.
C
105. Daniel, an intravenous heroin user, feels intense cravings when he sees hypodermic needles. This may be an example of: A) modeling. B) operant conditioning. C) classical conditioning. D) observational learning.
B
106. A marijuana user has just taken the drug. Almost half an hour passes before the user begins to experience the drug high. Most likely, the user has taken the drug by: A) inhalation (smoking). B) eating it in some food. C) intramuscular injection. D) intravenous injection.
C
107. A person with a substance abuse problem has just self-administered by intramuscular injection an overdose of fentanyl, a very powerful synthetic narcotic. A potentially fatal side effect of fentanyl overdose is that breathing stops. Assuming the drug would interfere with breathing when it reaches the brain, the person should experience breathing difficulty: A) almost immediately. B) in a few seconds. C) in a few minutes. D) in about a half hour.
A
108. If genetics plays a strong role in the development of cocaine abuse, we would expect to find the LOWEST concordance rates for cocaine abuse among: A) genetically unrelated pairs of people. B) parents and their children. C) identical twins. D) siblings of the same gender.
B
109. Assume a researcher finds that overuse of a drug reduces the body's production of neurotransmitters. Thus, if an abuser of this drug stops taking the drug, withdrawal symptoms occur until the brain begins producing normal levels of neurotransmitters again. Such a finding would most directly support which view of the cause of substance- abuse disorders? A) sociocultural B) biochemical C) opponent-process D) behavioral
A
11. A newly developed drug causes users to lose some muscle control and slur their words, The drug also results in a slowing of central nervous system activity. MOST likely this drug is a: A) depressant. B) hallucinogen. C) stimulant. D) polydrug.
B
110. Chronic and excessive use of benzodiazepines may cause the: A) increased production of GABA. B) decreased production of GABA. C) decreased breakdown of GABA. D) increased growth of GABA-producing cells.
C
111. Research indicates that the MOST important neurotransmitter in the "pleasure pathway" of the brain is probably: A) acetylcholine. B) anandamide. C) dopamine. D) one of the endorphins.
C
112. Scientists have conducted breeding experiments by mating across generations nonhumans that prefer alcohol. What have these researchers found? A) Alcohol preference is not genetic. B) Virtually all of the offspring prefer alcohol over other tastes. C) Many of the offspring prefer alcohol over other tastes. D) Only 10 percent of the offspring prefer alcohol; that is twice the normal 5 percent preference.
D
113. Is there any explanation of a genetic explanation for substance abuse disorders? A) No; present studies are inconclusive, but the possibility of a conclusive finding remains. B) Yes; although at present, only 10 chromosomes have genes related to substance abuse disorders, the explanation will probably end up being polygenic. C) Maybe; there is one "twin" study that seems to support a genetic explanation. D) Maybe; those with a substance use disorder are more likely than those without a disorder to have an abnormal D2 receptor gene.
C
114. A researcher reports that a drug directly stimulates a reward center in the brain rather than through indirect stimulation of a reward center. The drug the researcher is studying could be any of the following drugs EXCEPT: A) cocaine. B) methamphetamine. C) marijuana. D) All of these drugs stimulate reward centers in the brain. .
D
115. A researcher reports that a drug indirectly stimulates a reward center in the brain rather than directly stimulating it. The drug the researcher is studying could be any of the following drugs EXCEPT: A) alcohol. B) opium. C) marijuana. D) cocaine.
C
116. Which of the following has been identified as a problem in designing and evaluating treatment methods for substance abuse? A) Virtually all patients relapse. B) Antagonistic drugs are not legal. C) It has been difficult to precisely define treatment success. D) The problem is a biological one and does not respond to psychological treatment.
C
119. Psychodynamic therapies may not be very effective in the treatment of substance-related disorders because: A) they teach only new behaviors, not new thought patterns. B) they teach only new thought patterns, not new behaviors. C) finding the cause of a substance-related disorder is less important than treating the abuse as an independent problem. D) psychodynamic therapists unilaterally reject any use of multidimensional treatment programs.
A
120. In general, behavioral treatments for substance-related disorders are more successful when: A) the person receiving the therapy is highly motivated to continue. B) the behavioral treatments are not combined with other forms of treatment. C) the focus of therapy is strictly behavioral (not cognitive-behavioral). D) initial attempts at contingency management have failed.
D
121. A client being treated for alcohol abuse receives just enough of a drug called curare to produce temporary paralysis just as that client takes a swig of beer. Presumably, sufficient pairings of paralysis and alcohol will reduce the client's desire for alcohol. This procedure is called: A) covert sensitization. B) contingency training. C) relapse-prevention training. D) aversion therapy.
B
123. According to reports about the effectiveness of Drug Courts and Sobriety High programs, how likely are those who complete these programs to violate the law again compared with those who do not complete them? A) one-tenth as likely B) one-third as likely C) half as likely D) as likely (because they show no improvement over those not completing the programs)
C
124. According to reports about the effectiveness of the Sobriety High program, about what percent of those enrolled have mental health problems besides chemical dependency? A) 30 percent B) 60 percent C) 90 percent D) almost 100 percent
D
125. Sobriety High and Drug Court programs: A) cost the same as regular educational programs, and do not save society money in the long run. B) cost the same as regular educational programs, but save society money in the long run. C) actually cost less than regular educational programs, but do not save society money in the long run. D) cost more than regular educational programs, but save society money in the long run.
A
127. What would those who support the Alcoholics Anonymous approach to treating alcoholism have to say about the cognitive-behavioral procedure called relapse- prevention training? A) They would oppose relapse-prevention training because it does not require sobriety. B) They would oppose relapse-prevention training because research shows it doesn't work very well. C) They would support relapse-prevention training because it requires sobriety. D) They would support relapse-prevention training because of the testimonial evidence of its effectiveness.
C
128. A client receiving treatment for substance abuse keeps track of times the substance is used, and develops strategies to deal with the substance when there is an opportunity to use it. The client is MOST likely receiving: A) contingency management training. B) aversion therapy. C) relapse-prevention training. D) Cognitive-Antagonist training (CAT).
C
133. The use of methadone in drug maintenance programs is controversial because methadone: A) use increases the risk of contracting AIDS. B) costs over $50 a day per person treated. C) produces withdrawal sometimes more difficult than heroin withdrawal. D) needs to be taken several times per day in a rigid schedule.
D
134. During a recent ambulance call, EMTs gave naloxone to a person who had injected an overdose of fentanyl, a synthetic opioid. This treatment is usually: A) ineffective in treating opioid overdose. B) ineffective in treating opioid overdose, although it weakens subsequent withdrawal symptoms. C) effective in treating opioid overdose. D) effective in treating opioid overdose, although it may make withdrawal symptoms more severe.
A
135. One of the features of Alcoholics Anonymous is: A) peer support. B) residential services. C) alcohol maintenance. D) antagonistic medication.
A
136. Hanna goes to a meeting because her husband is an alcoholic who only occasionally can abstain from alcohol. The meetings with other people in similar situations helps her cope. She probably attends meetings of: A) Al Anon. B) Alcoholics Anonymous. C) alcohol maintenance. D) antagonistic medication.
A
138. "Alcoholism is a disease; you are an alcoholic for life, and must stop drinking." The treatment favored by the person/group being quoted MOST likely is: A) Alcoholics Anonymous. B) psychodynamic therapy. C) cognitive-behavioral therapy. D) behavioral therapy.
D
139. Evidence for the effectiveness of self-help programs comes MOSTLY from: A) carefully monitored longitudinal studies. B) laboratory experimentation and generalization of findings. C) cross-sectional surveys of self-help program participants. D) testimonials from those who have gone through such a program.
A
14. Of the following, the MOST likely to exhibit a substance abuse disorder would be a(n): A) Native American. B) African American. C) white American. D) Asian American.
D
140. Recent studies show that gender-sensitive programs for treating substance abuse: A) may not be necessary; substance abusers of different genders have about the same physical and psychological reactions to drugs. B) have some usefulness; substance abusers of different genders have the same physical, but different psychological, reactions to drugs. C) have some usefulness; substance abusers of different genders have different physical, but the same psychological, reactions to drugs. D) may be very useful; substance abusers of different genders have different physical and psychological reactions to drugs.
C
141. A clinician wishes to begin a drug abuse prevention campaign in a community. The most important thing the clinician can do is to: A) concentrate on radio and TV public service announcements. B) enlist the help of those who are admired in the community. C) provide a consistent message across the media about drug abuse. D) obtain permission to focus the campaign in the local high school.
A
142. DSM-5 includes gambling disorder as an addictive disorder, along with substance abuse disorders. This inclusion is: A) unique; gambling disorder is the only disorder in the category that doesn't involve a substance. B) unusual; gambling disorder joins computer gaming disorder as the second disorder in the category that doesn't involve a substance. C) unusual; gambling disorder and computer gaming disorder both were added as non- substance disorders in the category. D) common; there presently are seven other disorders in the category that don't involve a substance.
A
143. An individual goes to a casino two weekends every year. While there, he usually loses several thousand dollars gambling. In between casino visits, he neither gambles nor thinks much about gambling. The MOST accurate assessment of this behavior would be: A) This behavior is not a gambling disorder. B) This behavior may not be gambling disorder because the person doesn't gamble often enough. C) This behavior may not be gambling disorder because the person doesn't lose enough money. D) This behavior is a gambling disorder.
B
144. "I feel great!" a friend says, "Let's go to the casino and play the slots." Your friend has been to the casino several times in the past two weeks and just can't seem to stay away. Does your friend qualify for the diagnosis of gambling disorder? A) Probably; an elevated mood goes with gambling and your friend's behavior seems out of control. B) Maybe; a distressed mood goes with gambling, and your friend's behavior seems out of control. C) Maybe; an elevated mood goes with gambling, but your friend's behavior doesn't seem out of control yet. D) No; mood is not related to gambling and your friend's behavior doesn't seem out of control yet.
C
145. Gambling disorder is MOST common among: A) adults who are feeling distressed. B) adults who are feeling happy. C) teenagers and college students who are feeling distressed. D) teenagers and college students who are feeling happy.
D
146. "I've been diagnosed with gambling disorder," a friend says and then asks, "What kind of therapy works best?" Based on current research, your BEST response is: A) "Short-term psychodynamic therapy seems best." B) "Drugs alone should do the trick." C) "I'd suggest drug therapy plus cognitive-behavior therapies." D) "The research is still limited and there is no best choice."
D
147. "I've been diagnosed with gambling disorder," a friend says, and then asks "What theory does the best job of explaining how I developed this disorder?" Based on current research, your BEST answer is: A) "Psychodynamic theory explains it the best." B) "Sociocultural theory offers the best explanation." C) "Cognitive theory provides the most useful explanation." D) "No one is really sure; we need more research."
B
148. "I just received a DSM-5 diagnosis of Internet use disorder," a friend says and then asks. "What do you think?" Your MOST accurate reply would be: A) "That's possible. The disorder is a new one in the DSM-5." B) "That's not possible. The disorder is not in the DSM-5." C) "That's possible. The disorder has been included from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5." D) "That's not possible- it's neither in the DSM-5, nor is there any study going on that may lead to including it in the next edition."
D
150. Which of the following statements MOST accurately reflects what is being done in the area of "Internet use disorder" at the present time? A) not much; Internet use disorder is not a DSM-5 category. B) almost nothing; many people use the Internet a lot, but not compulsively or in a way that seriously affects social relationships. C) a lot; Internet use disorder is a DSM-5 category. D) a lot; Internet use disorder is not a DSM-5 category, but people who meet the disorder's criteria act similarly to those with gambling disorder, which is in the DSM-5.
B
20. Of the following, the person who would probably have the highest blood alcohol level after an hour of drinking would be a: A) 100-pound man who had drunk two cans of beer. B) 200-pound woman who had drunk six cans of beer. C) 200-pound man who had drunk six cans of beer. D) 100-pound woman who had drunk two cans of beer.
C
21. Pat and Jody each have five screwdrivers (OJ and vodka). Pat gets very drunk. Jody does not. Which of the following is MOST likely to be true? A) Pat is older than Jody. B) Pat is healthier than Jody. C) Pat is a woman, Jody is a man. D) Pat is Caucasian, Jody is African American.
C
23. Two people of the same gender and weight consume the same amount of alcohol in the same amount of time. Nevertheless, one of them sobers up substantially sooner than the other. MOST likely, this difference is due to: A) the form in which they consumed the alcohol: beer versus wine, for instance. B) personality: for example, Type B people usually sober up quicker than Type A people. C) liver function: some people's livers metabolize alcohol faster than those of others. D) breathing rate: those who breathe more often can exhale the carbon-dioxide byproduct of alcohol metabolism faster.
D
27. Considering alcoholism in white American men, African American men, and Hispanic American men, which of the following is MOST accurate? A) Drinking patterns are pretty much the same. B) African Americans drink the most, followed by other groups. C) Alcoholism rates are highest for older white men. D) The patterns of drinking differ across ethnic group and age.
B
28. Wes has a drink in the morning on rising. He has a cocktail with breakfast. He usually sneaks a snort during the morning ("just to get through the day") and then drinks during his lunch. When he gets home after work he goes to a singles bar and immediately has a drink to ease his nerves about approaching the women there. Later, at home, he generally has a small dinner and then sits in front of the TV watching sports and drinking beer (as many as 12 cans). Somehow he manages to get up and go to work the next morning. Wes is displaying: A) withdrawal. B) alcohol abuse. C) binge drinking. D) delirium tremens.
D
29. An individual who is dependent on alcohol is experiencing delirium tremens. This reaction is: A) common, starting about a week after an individual stops drinking. B) common, starting within three days after an individual stops drinking. C) uncommon, starting about a week after an individual stops drinking. D) uncommon, starting within three days after an individual stops drinking.
B
46. The drug that, when misused, would MOST quickly result in dependence or addiction would be: A) Xanax. B) opium. C) cannabis. D) ethyl alcohol.
A
48. After an accident, Kendra was taken to the hospital with broken legs and arms. She was almost immediately given a shot that reduced her pain. The shot was MOST likely: A) morphine. B) a sedative. C) a barbiturate. D) an amphetamine.
A
51. The drug that produces effects similar to what neurotransmitters called endorphins produce is: A) heroin. B) LSD. C) Benzedrine. D) methamphetamine.
A
53. During his first night in the detoxification unit, Quent developed what seemed like a case of the flu. He ached all over and had diarrhea. He was probably withdrawing from: A) heroin. B) alcohol. C) cocaine. D) cannabis.
D
54. In the past 30 years, the rate of opioid addiction in the United States has: A) increased steadily. B) decreased steadily. C) remained relatively constant. D) gone down and up at least twice.
A
55. A heroin overdose is likely to occur when: A) one has been without heroin for a period of time and then takes one's usual dose. B) one consistently takes the same dose of heroin. C) one gradually, but consistently takes larger doses of heroin. D) one has been without heroin for a period of time and then takes a lower than usual dose.
B
60. An individual who has recently taken a drug angrily grabs some car keys and attempts to drive home. The person appears anxious, and keeps bragging that driving the car won't really be that difficult. MOST likely, that person is experiencing: A) delirium tremens. B) cocaine intoxication. C) decreasing cross-tolerance. D) hallucinosis.
C
61. Mario felt awake and alive as though he could conquer the world. He MOST likely used: A) heroin. B) alcohol. C) cocaine. D) a barbiturate.
A
62. Ellen stopped taking her regular amount of cocaine after using it for months. She will probably experience: A) letdown, depressed feelings, and "crashing." B) pain, sweating, mania, and nausea. C) excitement, insomnia, and hallucinations. D) dramatic tremors of the hands and face, very rapid heart rate, and convulsions.
D
69. If you were trying to convince a friend not to be a cocaine user, what would you cite as the GREATEST damage stemming from cocaine use? A) being assaulted in drug-related crimes B) contracting AIDS C) damage to mucus membranes D) overdose effects
B
7. Intoxication is actually a form of: A) tolerance. B) poisoning. C) hallucination. D) substance dependence.
D
70. An EMT has to be especially aware of people abusing cocaine, because even young people are at risk for all of the following EXCEPT: A) heart attacks. B) respiratory failure. C) miscarriage. D) asthmatic attacks.
D
71. Lola's physician prescribed diet pills. Which of the following drugs are they MOST likely to have contained? A) cocaine B) morphine C) barbiturates D) amphetamines
B
72. After a fire in an isolated farmhouse, firefighters found several small propane tanks and other strong evidence of a recently abandoned "meth lab." If what the firefighters found was a "meth lab," it was: A) very unusual-most meth labs now are relatively large operations in urban areas. B) unusual-most meth labs now are relatively large operations in rural areas. C) unusual-most meth labs now are relatively small operations in urban areas. D) typical-most meth labs now are relatively small operations in rural areas.
A
73. The "club drug," which damages nerve endings and is associated with high rates of HIV- positive tests but which is NOT considered hallucinogenic, is: A) methamphetamine. B) amphetamine C) Ecstasy (MDMA). D) hashish.
A
75. A person took a drug an hour or two ago. Now the person sits alone, quietly and intensely listening to the sap running in a tree whose leaves appear a brilliant purple to the drug user. MOST likely, the person has recently used: A) LSD. B) cocaine. C) marijuana. D) methamphetamine.
A
76. While under the influence of LSD, Matilda believes that she can feel the sounds around her. This effect is known as: A) synesthesia. B) intoxication. C) hallucination. D) the psychedelic effect.
B
77. A person takes a drug at noon. Although remaining awake and alert, the person experiences poor coordination, palpitations, and greatly enhanced visual perceptions. By dinner, the symptoms have pretty well subsided. MOST likely, that person: A) had at least four beers. B) took LSD. C) injected heroin. D) took a dose of barbiturates.
A
78. What is the risk of tolerance and physical addiction to hallucinogens as compared to that of other addictive drugs? A) minimal B) more than most C) about the same as the depressants D) about the same as the stimulants
D
79. At the "rave," a student took a drug that caused a great burst of energy, along with badly distorted visual experiences. Most likely, the drug the student took was: A) cannabis (smoked). B) cannabis (ingested). C) Xanax. D) Ecstasy.
A
8. Mendon began by taking one amphetamine a day to control his appetite. After a month or so, the one pill did not work as well but two pills did. This is an example of: A) tolerance. B) resistance. C) withdrawal. D) dependence.
A
80. Months after last taking a drug, a former drug abuser still produces very little serotonin. The person is depressed and anxious, and has great difficulty remembering new material. Most likely, the abused drug-if it were a single drug-was: A) Ecstasy. B) cannabis. C) LSD. D) benzodiazepine.
A
81. A person who uses the drug Ecstasy at a crowded party begins to feel too hot, and immediately drinks lots of fluids. This person: A) may be in trouble; the person may experience hypothermia or water intoxication. B) may be in trouble; the person may experience hypothermia, but not water intoxication. C) may be in trouble; the person may experience water intoxication, but not hypothermia. D) probably will be fine; lots of water will eliminate the chance of hypothermia.
B
82. An acquaintance of yours uses Ecstasy and says, "Wow! I was totally energized and tripping. It was like LSD and meth combined." Your acquaintance's experience with Ecstasy was: A) very unusual; the drug usually acts as a central nervous system depressant. B) common; the drug has both stimulant and hallucinogenic properties. C) uncommon; the drug has stimulant but not hallucinogenic properties. D) uncommon; the drug has hallucinogenic, but not stimulant properties.
B
83. The chief danger of LSD use is: A) the risk of developing drug tolerance. B) the possibility of very powerful, sometimes negative, reactions. C) the severity of withdrawal symptoms among even occasional users. D) the universal occurrence of "flashbacks" among former users.
A
86. According to the chart in your textbook, teenagers say that the drug easiest for them to obtain is: A) alcohol. B) nicotine (cigarettes). C) marijuana. D) amphetamines.
A
87. Marijuana users in the 1960s were less likely to develop drug dependence than users around the year 2000 because the marijuana available in the 1960s had: A) much less THC. B) much more THC. C) no hallucinogenic effects. D) more powerful hallucinogenic effects.
A
88. A high school student asks you, "What's the big deal about using pot? How can it hurt me?" The MOST accurate reply you could make is: A) "If you're high, you won't be able to remember what you just learned." B) "THC in your body can produce dangerous flashbacks when you get older." C) "Even a moderate dose of THC can produce perceptual distortions and coma." D) "You're right-it really won't affect you much in school."
C
89. Three chronic marijuana users-a "light" user, a "moderate" user, and a "heavy" user- stop using marijuana. Several weeks later, abnormal blood flow, which had occurred in the brains of all three prior to quitting, had MOST likely: A) returned to normal flow levels for all three. B) returned to normal flow levels for the "light" and "moderate" users only. C) returned close to normal for the "light" and "moderate" users only, but still remained at abnormal levels for the "heavy" user. D) returned closer to normal for all three.
D
93. Throughout most of the United States, it is illegal to use marijuana, even for medical reasons. Compared to other nations, this is: A) very unusual; most countries permit both medical and recreational use of marijuana. B) unusual; most countries permit medical, but not recreational, use of marijuana. C) somewhat unusual; most countries permit at least limited medical use of marijuana. D) common; most countries do not allow either medical or recreational use of marijuana.
A
95. Barry drank quite a lot at the biggest party of the year. Later, he had trouble falling asleep, so he took a barbiturate. If he dies from respiratory failure during the night, it is probably because the alcohol and barbiturate had: A) a synergistic effect. B) antagonistic actions. C) complementary actions. D) a cross-tolerance effect.
D
96. Which of the following combinations is MOST likely to result in antagonistic effects? A) LSD and cocaine B) alcohol and barbiturates C) cocaine and amphetamine D) barbiturates and cocaine
D
97. Polysubstance use involving illegal drugs occurs in about what percent of U.S. illegal drug users? A) 20 percent B) 40 percent C) 60 percent D) over 60 percent
A
98. Which of the following would be MOST likely to develop alcoholism? A) a lower socioeconomic class person living in a high unemployment area B) a lower socioeconomic class person living in a low unemployment area C) a higher socioeconomic class person living in a high unemployment area D) a higher socioeconomic class person living in a low unemployment area
A
99. Researchers have found that substance use disorders are more common among some religious groups than others, and generally are more common among some groups than among others. Together, these findings provide the MOST support for which view of substance abuse disorders? A) sociocultural B) cognitive C) cognitive-behavioral D) psychodynamic