PSYCH CH 7

​Joan is a ten-year-old girl with a mental age of twelve. According to Stern,Joan's IQ is _____.

120

_________ is a general mental capability that involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly, and learn from experience.

Intelligence

_________ enables people to deal with other people, including difficult people, and to meet the demands of their environment.​ Group of answer choices

Practical intelligence

Which of the following was the result of a study done with 500 pairs of monozygotic and dizygotic twins in Kentucky, in terms of intelligence?

The correlations in intelligence between dizygotic twins were about the same as those between other siblings.

Which of the following statements is true about problem solving?

The parts of our mental representation of the problem should relate to one another in a meaningful way.

A(n) _________ is a single word used by children to express complex meanings.

holophrase

When a child utters "baba," it may mean, "I want my bottle," or "Where is my bottle?" or "that's my bottle." These single words used by children to express many things are known as _____.

holophrase

​A(n) _________ is a single word used by children to express complex meanings.

holophrase

​Children's _________ become refined after they are shown positive and negative instances and given explanations.

prototypes

According to _________, language acquisition involves the interaction of environmental influences.

psycholinguistic theory

Which of the following statements is true about concepts?

They can represent visions of things that can never be measured.

Which of the following statements is true about thinking?

Thinking means paying attention to information.

Which of the following is a reason for overconfidence?

We work to bring about the events we believe in.

Albert lost the keys to his car sometime between the time he locked it and his return to the car about three hours later. Albert came up with a formula to find the keys;he retraced his steps, going to all of the places he visited after he initially locked the car. Albert eventually found the keys on his office desk. Albert used a(n) _____ to find his keys.

algorithm

To test the problem-solving skills of her son, Tiffany asks her son to reorganize groups of scrambled words such as, "skosc,""odg,""imal," and "orod." Tiffany is using _____ of the words, socks, dog, mail, and door.

anagrams

_________ enables us to solve problems and acquire new knowledge, and it is the type of intelligence measured by standard intelligence tests.

analytical intelligence

Mozart was a child prodigy. By the age of 12, he had composed several musical pieces.According to Sternberg's model of intelligence, Mozart can be said to have demonstrated a high level of _____.

creative intelligence

_________ is the ability to generate novel and useful solutions to problems.

creativity

Ryan is telling his grandchildren stories of his youth and college days. In the context of language, Ryan is demonstrating _____.

displacement

​_____ is the capacity to communicate information about events and objects in another time or place.

displacement

In _________, the problem solver associates freely to the elements of the problem, allowing "leads" to run a nearly limitless course.

divergent thinking

​When a child combines words to form a sentence herself rather than imitate one she has heard before, she is demonstrating the _____ characteristic of language skills.

infinite creativity

In Gestalt psychology, a(n) _________ is a sudden perception of relationships among elements of the mentally represented elements of a problem that permits its solution.

insight

According to psycholinguistic theory, the inborn tendency to acquire language is called a _____.

language acquisition device

​The _________ shows the intellectual level at which a child is functioning.

mental age

A(n)_________ is the tendency to respond to a new problem with the same approach that helped solve similar problems.

mental set

​Anna points to an object and tells her 2-year-old what it is. The child then points and repeats the label. According to the social-cognitive perspective, Anna serves as a(n) _____ for her child to acquire language skills.

model

In order to teach kindergarten students about mammals, a teacher tells the students that fishes and birds are not mammals. These are _____ of the mammal concept.

negative instances

Children between the ages of three and five incorrectly apply the rules of past tense and of plural when they say "sitted" instead of "sat" and "gooses" instead of "geese." This is known as _____.

overregularization

To teach his child the prototype for cats, Nathan points to many examples in books, at home, on TV, and in the neighborhood, while saying the word "cat." These are _____ of the cat concept.

positive instances

A sofa, bed, and table are _____ of the category furniture, but a magazine rack, lamp, and piano bench are not.

prototypes

Dave cannot remember the last digit in his friend's telephone number. In order to reach him, he keeps trying different numbers until he finds the right one. In this context, which of the following methods is Dave using?

systematic random search

Barbara wanted to know whether Americans bought more American-made cars than foreign made cars. To come up with an answer, she based her opinion on the cars her friends drove. Barbara used _____ to come to the conclusion.

the availability heuristic

​The representativeness heuristic leads people to make judgments about events according to _____.

the populations of events that they appear to represent

_________ is the degree to which the variations in a trait from one person to another can be attributed to, or explained by, genetic factors.

​Heritability

Susan has the ability to look at the moon and the stars at night and to develop insights into the laws that govern their behavior. In this context, Susan has _____.

​naturalist intelligence

The observation that infants display considerable intelligence before they learn to speak offers little support to _____.

​the linguistic-relativity hypothesis

​_________ are mental categories used to group together objects, relations, events, abstractions, or qualities that have common properties.

Concepts

Generating many possible solutions is a characteristic of which of the following concepts?

Divergent thinking

Which of the following statements is true about the influence of genetic factors and environmental factors on intelligence?

Genetic factors account for about half of the variations in intelligence test scores among individuals.

Which of the following statements is true about the learning theory in the context of language development?

It emphasizes the role of imitation and reinforcement in language development in children.

Which of the following statements is true about psycholinguistic theory?

It focuses on the environmental influences on the acquisition of language.

Which of the following statements is true about the nativist theory of language development?

It holds that the innate factors of children cause them to attend to and acquire language in certain ways.