Psych Chapter 10

Which statement concerning the DSM-5 is FALSE? Answers: A. Clinicians use this as a diagnostic tool to provide both the symptoms and causes of various mental disorders. B. Clinicians can make more reliable classifications of disorders. C. Clinicians are more likely to agree on a particular diagnosis for a particular patient. D. Insurance companies use DSM-5 classifications to justify payment of therapy services.

A. Clinicians use this as a diagnostic tool to provide both the symptoms and causes of various mental disorders.

Which statement about electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is FALSE? Answers: A. The vast majority of ECT recipients say they would never undergo this treatment again. B. ECT has been found to be effective in treating severe depression. C. Recovery from depression is more rapid with ECT than with antidepressant drugs. D. ECT was initially used as a treatment for schizophrenia.

A. The vast majority of ECT recipients say they would never undergo this treatment again.

Client-centered therapy specifically requires that the therapist be _____. Answers: A. accepting, genuine, and empathic B. energetic, directive, and concerned C. challenging, conscientious, and caring D. sympathetic, supportive, and involved

A. accepting, genuine, and empathic

Karla's therapist acts like a teacher as she tries to help Karla discover the errors in how she thinks about maintaining a successful relationship. Karla is participating in a form of _____ therapy promoted by _____. Answers: A. cognitive; Beck B. humanistic; Maslow C. humanistic; Rogers D. cognitive; Ellis

A. cognitive; Beck

To help Janet overcome her fear of the dark, her therapist immediately sends her to a room with no windows and turns off all lights in the room. Janet is participating in a form of _____ therapy known as _____. Answers: A. counterconditioning exposure; flooding B. cognitive; flooding C. counterconditioning exposure; systematic desensitization D. cognitive; systematic desensitization

A. counterconditioning exposure; flooding

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is now considered an effective treatment for _____. Answers: A. depression, but not schizophrenia B. neither depression nor schizophrenia C. schizophrenia, but not depression D. both depression and schizophrenia

A. depression, but not schizophrenia

Recent research suggests that the gender difference in rates of depression may be due to _____. Answers: A. women being more likely than men to seek help for symptoms of depression B. All the answers are correct. C. differences in emotional reactions and symptomology for men and women D. the different effects of estrogen and testosterone on neurotransmitters influencing mood

B. All the answers are correct.

The biological predisposition for bipolar disorder is evidenced by _____. Answers: A. low levels of GABA B. an imbalance of neurotransmitters C. low levels of lithium D. All the answers are correct.

B. an imbalance of neurotransmitters

Most people experience _____ when they suffer from obsessive-compulsive disorder. Answers: A. more compulsive behaviors than obsessive thoughts B. both obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors C. only obsessive thoughts D. only compulsive behaviors

B. both obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors

if systematic desensitization is ineffective in removing an individual's fear of heights, a therapist may find _____ to be effective. Answers: A. client-centered therapy B. flooding C. rational-emotive therapy D. electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

B. flooding

After taking _____, Amelia exhibited schizophrenia-like symptoms, including a general motor slowing, reduced speech, and other cognitive deficits, likely due to the blocking of _____ receptors. Answers: A. ecstasy; dopamine B. ketamine; glutamate C. PCP; GABA D. LSD; serotonin

B. ketamine; glutamate

For no apparent reason, Laura suddenly feels dizzy, experiences shortness of breath, and starts trembling and sweating. Which appears to be the MOST appropriate classification for Laura's problem? Answers: A. generalized anxiety disorder B. panic disorder C. agoraphobia D. social phobia

B. panic disorder

Marian's therapist has asked her to spontaneously describe, without editing, her thoughts, feelings, and any images that come to mind. It is MOST likely that Marian's therapist relies on _____ therapy because of its emphasis on _____. Answers: A. cognitive; insight B. psychoanalysis; insight C. psychoanalysis; action D. cognitive; action

B. psychoanalysis; insight

major depressive disorder

a depressive disorder in which the person has experienced one or more major depressive episodes

Psychotic disorder

a disorder characterized by a loss of contact with reality

Personality Disorder

a disorder characterized by inflexible, longstanding personality traits that lead to behavior that impairs social functioning and deviates from cultural norms.

Bipolar disorder

a disorder in which recurrent cycles of depressive and manic episode occur

delusion

a false belief

hallucination

a false sensory perception

lithium

a natural occurring element that is used to treat bipolar disorder

Obsession

a persistant intrusive thought, idea, impulse, or image that causes anxiety

Manic episode

abnormal elevated mood in which the person experiences symptoms such as inflated self esteem, a decreased need for sleep, constant talking, distractibility, restlessness, and poor judgement for a period of at least a week

Panic disorder

an anxiety disorder in which a person experiences recurrent panic attacks

Specific Phobia

an anxiety disorder indicated by a marked and persistent fear of specific objects or situations that is excessively unreasonable

Generalized anxiety disorder

anxiety disorder in which a person has excessive, global anxiety and worries that he cannot control, occurring more days than not for the last 6 months

agoraphobia

anxiety disorder marked by persistent fear of being in places or situations from which escape may be difficult or embarrassing

OCD

the person experiences recurrent obsessions or compulsions that are perceived by the person as excessive or unreasonable, but cause significant distress and disruption in the persons daily life

biomedical therapy

the use of biological interventions such as drugs to treat mental disorders

antipsychotic drugs

treats schizophrenia, side effects resemble parkinson's symptoms

anti anxiety drugs

valium and xanax, benzodiazepines

The neurogenesis theory of depression suggests which of the following? Answers: A. Depression results from the loss of neurons following traumatic events. B. Placebo effects cannot be explained by neurogenesis because psychological factors do not impact depression. C. Depression is not alleviated until about three to six weeks following the ingestion of SSRIs because this is approximately how long it takes new cells to mature. D. Depression is immediately alleviated when taking SSRIs because they initiate the growth of new cells.

C. Depression is not alleviated until about three to six weeks following the ingestion of SSRIs because this is approximately how long it takes new cells to mature.

Shelby's therapist gives her unconditional positive regard and uses active listening to move Shelby toward self-actualization. It is likely that Shelby is seeing a _____ therapist. Answers: A. cognitive B. behavioral C. client-centered D. rational-emotive

C. client-centered

David washes his hands excessively, even when he has not touched anything that belongs to another person or because his hands are dirty. Ellen checks that all burners on the stove are turned off at least five times before she goes to bed, whenever she is ready to leave the house, and when she first wakes up in the morning. David's behavior BEST illustrates a(n) _____ and Ellen's behavior BEST illustrates a(n) _____. Answers: A. obsession; obsession B. obsession; compulsion C. compulsion; compulsion D. compulsion; obsession

C. compulsion; compulsion

The 12-month prevalence for major depressive disorder is _____ percent, but the prevalence in the 18 to 29 age group is _____ times greater than that in individuals age 60 years or older. Answers: A. 9; two B. 14; three C. 2; two D. 7; three

D. 7; three

Which statement concerning the DSM-5 is FALSE? Answers: A. It includes 20 major categories of disorders. B. A major criticism is that many aspects of normal behavior fit the criteria for diagnosis of a mental disorder. C. It aids in the accurate diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. D. People undergoing a normal grief reaction to the loss of a loved one do not fit the diagnosis of major depressive disorder.

D. People undergoing a normal grief reaction to the loss of a loved one do not fit the diagnosis of major depressive disorder.

_____ is an example of a(n) _____ disorder. Answers: A. Schizophrenia; mood B. Panic disorder; mood C. Bipolar disorder; anxiety D. Specific phobia; anxiety

D. Specific phobia; anxiety

_____ is a side effect of _____ antipsychotic drugs. Answers: A. Alzheimer's disease; new generation B. Alzheimer's disease; traditional C. Tardive dyskinesia; new generation D. Tardive dyskinesia; traditional

D. Tardive dyskinesia; traditional

"Spontaneous remission" is the answer to which question? Answers: A. What is leaving an institutional setting after a very brief stay? B. What is returning to a past behavior after adopting a new one? C. What is the reoccurrence of a disorder after symptoms have disappeared? D. What is getting better over time without receiving therapy?

D. What is getting better over time without receiving therapy?

When Allison does poorly on her statistics exam, she concludes that she does not know how to study, she will never learn how to study, and she will do poorly on all her other exams. Allison's thinking BEST illustrates _____, which has been linked to _____. Answers: A. a pessimistic explanatory style; schizophrenia B. compulsive thinking; learned helplessness C. compulsive thinking; schizophrenia D. a pessimistic explanatory style; learned helplessness

D. a pessimistic explanatory style; learned helplessness

Sam, _____, is the LEAST likely to have a specific phobia. Answers: A. a Hispanic American woman B. an African American woman C. a teenage boy D. an elderly man

D. an elderly man

For no apparent reason, Laura suddenly feels dizzy, experiences shortness of breath, and starts trembling and sweating. Which appears to be the MOST appropriate classification for Laura's problem? Answers: A. generalized anxiety disorder B. social phobia C. agoraphobia D. panic disorder

D. panic disorder

Ginger, who is undergoing psychoanalysis, missed a therapy appointment because she did not want to talk about her mother, a topic she expected her therapist to introduce. It is likely that the therapist will interpret the missed appointment as a sign of _____. Answers: A. spontaneous remission B. flooding C. transference D. resistance

D. resistance

The vulnerability-stress model has been applied to which disorder? Answers: A. obsessive-compulsive disorder B. bipolar disorder C. antisocial personality disorder D. schizophrenic disorders

D. schizophrenic disorders

Virtual reality is MOST similar to _____. Answers: A. rational-emotive therapy B. flooding C. a token economy D. systematic desensitization

D. systematic desensitization

depressive disorders

involve the presence of sad, empty, or irritable mood, accompanied by somatic and cognitive changes that significantly affect the individuals capacity to function

compulsion

is a repetitive and rigid behavior that a person feels compelled to preform in order to reduce anxiety

Social Anxiety Disorder

persistent fear of one or more social performance situations in which embarrassment may occur and in which there is exposure to unfamiliar people or scrutiny by others

psychotherapy

talk therapy

anxiety disorders

disorders that share features of excessive fear and anxiety and related behavioral disturbances, such as avoidance behaviors

antidepressant drugs

drugs used to treat depression, ssri's, MAO inhibitors and tricyclics

major depressive episode

episode characterized by feelings of intense hopelessness, low self-esteem, and worthlessness, extreme fatigue, dramatic changes in eating and sleeping behavior, inability to concentrate, diminished interest in family and friends and activities for 2 weeks or more

Biopsychosocial Approach

explaining abnormality as the result of the interaction among biological, psychological, and social cultural factors