Psych chapter 11

Linda is attempting to summarize the relationship between empathy and altruism for a paper she is writing for her psychology class. A good statement to summarize this relationship would be:

"Empathy is a major component of altruism."

Javier has volunteered to explain the distinction between passionate and companionate love. How will Javier explain the difference between these two types of love?

Companionate love does not involve physical intimacy; passionate love does.

Marci suggests that the aggressiveness of her sister's new friend is the result of the friend's abuse during childhood. Marci's inference about the cause of the girl's behavior is an example of:

an attribution

With stable attributions, a person believes that the cause of:

another person's behavior is long-lasting

In a study of conformity conducted by Solomon Asch (1955), subjects were:

asked to look at lines on cards

An ad agency creates two ads for a particular car. One stresses the car's safety and gas mileage; the other simply shows how fun it is to drive. The first ad relies on the _____ route to persuasion; the second, on the _____ route.

central; peripheral

In social psychology, the term obedience is used to describe a(n):

change in behavior in response to a command by an authority figure.

The _____ aspect of an attitude refers to individuals' beliefs or ideas about an object, person, or situation.

cognitive

_____ love refers to the deep, affectionate attachment people have for those with whom their lives are intertwined.

companionate

Adis' classmate asked him to stop tapping his foot in class. Adis' classmate does not have any real authority over him, yet Adis did stop tapping his foot. This is an example of:

compliance

_____ occurs when behavior changes at the request of a person or group with no real authority.

compliance

Malala Yousafzai was an outspoken advocate for girl's education in a country where the Taliban did not allow women's rights. Malala refused to engage in:

conformity

When researchers _____, they must reveal any deception in a study and ensure that participants are unharmed. This takes place at the _____ of an experimental session.

debrief participants; end

"He probably cheated on the test because he is a dishonest person." This statement is a(n) _____ attribution.

dispositional

Mrs. Beatty keeps an extremely clean and tidy house. One neighbor says she's compulsive; Mrs. Beatty, though, says that her active family and busy job force her to stay organized, and she wants to set a good example for her children. These contrasting explanations illustrate the difference between _____ and _____ attributions.

dispositional; situational

In which type of attribution error does an observer tend to assume that the actor is behaving similarly to how the observer would act in that situation?

false-consensus effect

Early one Halloween evening, Bart's friends asked him to join them in smashing their neighbors' decorative pumpkins. He complied. Later, he was surprised by his own failure to resist when they got him to throw eggs at a passing police car. Bart's experience illustrates the:

foot-in-the-door technique

In recent years political commentators have lamented that the political divide between "red states" and "blue states" has become a chasm. Technological advances such as the Web and social media have only exacerbated this trend. Social psychologists might point to the phenomenon of _____ when explaining these developments.

group polarization

Several racially prejudiced high school students discussed racial issues. During the conversation, their attitudes became even more prejudiced. To avoid the risk of ____ it would be important for these students to hear from others with opposing opinions.

group polarization

When Julius, the runner from Uganda, was living in the United States a man once approached him and said, "Is it true in Africa people still walk around naked?" Based on this statement, it seems fair to conclude that the man:

had a negative steroetype of african people

Dr. Haidar is conducting a research study on the effects of a teacher's expectation of success on student performance. According to research by Sorhagen (2013), Dr. Haidar should find the greatest effects among students who are:

of lower socioeconomic status

The goal of advertising is to encourage people to view products or services favorably, and, ideally, to purchase them. Advertising's objective, therefore, is:

persuasion

Groups sometimes recommend more uncertain or risky options than do individual decision makers in a phenomenon called:

risky shift

In the context of discrimination, a(n) _____ is the target of negative emotions, beliefs, and behaviors.

scapegoat

In an experiment, each participant is asked to pull as hard as possible on a rope. In condition A, participants are led to believe they are pulling alone; in condition B, they are led to believe three other people are pulling with them. The phenomenon of _____ predicts that participants should pull hardest in condition _____.

social loafing, a

A _____ might study the political attitudes of individual voters. A _____ might study the behavior of political parties.

social psychologist, sociologist

Hugo Tale-Yax was a homeless man who came to the aid of a woman being assaulted. The attacker stabbed him and he was left to die. Many people walked by as he lay on the ground dying. This is an example of:

the bystander effect

While eating at the university café, Janet sees a waiter's serving tray tilt, and the food and beverages spill onto four people. "What a careless, clumsy idiot," Janet mumbles to herself as she resumes eating. Janet has just demonstrated:

the fundamental attribution error

Cross-culturally, to what extent is love an important factor in mate selection?

Love is important in American culture but not in certain other cultures.

One possible career option for a psychology major is to complete a PhD and become a clinical psychologist. As a clinical psychologist treating clients from diverse backgrounds, it is important to understand that:

marrying for love is not universal for al cultures

Shaya completed her undergraduate degree in psychology before becoming a police officer. From her background in psychology, she knows that _____ are more likely to exhibit _____ aggression.

men; direct

People tend to like people they see repeatedly; this is due to the:

mere-exposure effect

Dr. Alderson is conducting a research study on the effects of a teacher's expectation of success on student performance. According to research by Rosenthal (1966; 2002), Dr. Alderson should find that students are:

more likely to succeed if the teachers expects them to succeed

Maria's first year managing a hedge fund had some ups and downs. When Maria's predictions were accurate, she was confident that her hard work was paying off. When she was wrong, Maria assumed it was bad luck. This _____ permits Maria to continue to believe that she is good at her job.

self-serving bias

Dr. Scholz is reading an article that describes research where investigators examined how the presence of other people influenced participants' performance on a variety of tasks. Dr. Scholz is reading the Journal of Research in _____ Psychology, which focuses on research in human cognition, emotion, and behavior in relation to others.

social

It is thought that Julius, a skilled runner, performed better when others were watching. This is an example of:

social facilitation

A person in a group tends to exert more effort when they are individually accountable than when they are working with others toward a common goal where individual contributions are too complicated to measure. This is known as:

social loafing