Psych Chapter 12

psychosis

A state in which a person's perceptions and thoughts are fundamentally removed form reality.

Anxiety Disorders

Disabling(uncontrollable and disruptive) psychological disoreders that feature motor tension, hyperactivity, and apprehensive expectations and thoughts.

MDD Psychological factors

Learned helplessness, rumination on negative experiences or feelings, and people's attributions or their attempts to explain what caused something to happen. pessimism.

Antisocial Personality disorder

Psychological disorder characterized by guiltlessness, law-breaking, exploitation of others, irresponsibility, and deceit.

specific phobia

Psychological disorder in which and individual has an irrational, overwhelming, persistent fear of a particular object or situation.

Deviant

The behavior deviates from what is acceptable in a culture.

Social Anxiety Disorder

An intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in social situations.

Panic disorder

Anxiety disorder in which the individual experiences recurrent, sudden onsets of intense terror, often without warning and with no specific cause.

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Anxiety disorder in which the individual has anxiety-provoking thoughts that will not go away and/or urges to perform repetitive, ritualistic behaviors to prevent or produce some future situation.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

Anxiety disorder that develops through exposure to a traumatic event, a severely oppressive situation, cruel abuse, or a natural or an unnatural disaster.

abnormal behavior

Behavior that is deviant, maladaptive, or personally distressful over a relatively long period of time.

It features multiple cycles cycles of depression, interspersed with mania, usually separated by six months to a year.

Bipolar Disorder

Sociocultural Factors

Chronic Economic hardship, Cultural and ethnic contexts, alcohol abuse. Men are more likely to commit it than women.

Trichotillomania

Entails compulsively pulling at the hair from the scalp, eyebrows, and other body areas.

Delusions

False, unusual, and sometimes magical beliefs that are not part of an individual's culture.

Suicide Biological Factors

Genetics factors, low levels of serotonin, poor physical health.

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia

Heredity, and structural brain abnormalities. Enlarged ventricles in the brain. Excess dopamine production.

Bipolar disorder Biological Factors

High levels of norepinephrine, low levels of serotonin, high levels of neurotransmitter glutamate, and genetic aspects.

Body Dysmorphic dysorder

Involves a distressing preoccupation with imagined or slight flaws in one's physical appearance.

Hoarding Disorder

Involves poor organizational skills, compulsive collecting, difficulty discarding things, along with cognitive deficits in information processing speed, problems with decision making and procrastination.

Biological approach

It describes psychological disorders as medical diseases.

Psychological approach

It emphasizes the contributions of experiences, thoughts, emotions, and personality characteristics in explaining psychological disorders.

Sociocultural approach

It emphasizes the social contexts in which a person lives, including gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, family relationships, and culture.

Disruptive mood regulation disorder

It is considered a depressive disorder in children who show persistent irritability and recurrent episodes of out of control behavior.

Personally distressful

It lasts for a long period of time. The person finds it troubling. and it may cause intense shame or guilt.

Biopsychosocial model

Its when the abnormal behavior is influenced by biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.

MDD Sociocultural Factors

Low socioeconomic status, poverty, people that work at dead end jobs, specially women.

Bipolar disorder

Mood disorder characterized by extreme mood swings that include one or more episodes of mania, an overexcited, unrealistically optimistic state.

Depressive disorders

Mood disorders in which the individual suffers from depression, an unrelenting lack of pleasure in life.

MDD Biological factors

Neurotransmitters malfunctioning, genetics influences, Specific brain structures.

Major Depressive disorders

Psychological disorder involving a major depressive episode and depressed characteristics, such as lethargy and hopelessness, for at least two weeks.

Generalized anxiety disorder

Psychological disorder marked by persistent anxiety for at least 6 months, and in which the individual is unable to specify the reasons for the anxiety.

Excoriation

Refers to the compulsion of picking at one's skin, sometimes to the point of injury.

Hallucinations

Sensory experiences that occur in the absence of real stimuli.

Schizophrenia

Severe psychological disorder characterized by highly disordered thought processes; individuals suffering from schizophrenia may be referred to as psychotic because they are so far removed from reality.

Catatonia

State of immobility and unresponsiveness lasting for long periods of time.

Psychological Causes of Schizophrenia

Stress and difficult childhood experiences.

DSM 5

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, the major classification of psychological disorders in the United States.

Maladaptive

The behavior interferes with one's capacity and ability to function effectively in the world.

flat affect

The display of little or no emotion-a common negative symptom of schizophrenia.

medical model

The view that psychological disorders are medical diseases with a biological origin.

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia

They are marked by a distortion or an excess of normal function.

Cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia

They include difficulty sustaining attention, problems holding information in memory, and inability to interpret information and make decisions.

Diathesis-stress model

View of schizophrenia emphasizing that a combination of biogenetic disposition and stress causes the disorder.

Suicide Psychological Factors

mental disorders and traumas such as sexual abuse, loss of a loved one or a job, or dropping out of school. lack of a sense of belongingness.