Psych Chapter 6

Which of the following is most consistent with the research data? -Self-esteem of Asians is higher than that of Hispanics -White females have higher self-esteem than white males -Minority females have lower self-esteem than minority males -Blacks have higher self-esteem than whites.

Blacks have higher self-esteem than whites

Which of the following is NOT true of self-esteem according to the research? -Self-esteem is generally stable over time. -People vary in the degree to which they experience self-esteem as stable. -Self-esteem may fluctuate in the short term in response to situational factors -Happiness causes high self-esteem

Happiness causes high self-esteem

Which of the following researchers proposed social comparison theory? -Albert Bandura -E. Tory Higgins -Leon Festinger -Martin Seligman

Leon Festinger

Amy believes that she is outgoing and fun to be around. This belief is most likely to change under which of the following conditions? -She takes a class in psychology. -She leaves college to take a job in another state -Her parents tell her that she is actually quite shy -She reads a book that explains outgoing people are not as likely to have friends as more reserved people

She leaves college to take a job in another state

Criticizing others, in an effort to raise self-esteem, is counterproductive -True -False

True

Most of us have -no public self -one public self -a number of public selves -a public self for family and friend, and another for strangers

a number of public selves

Randal has failed the first three Psychology courses in which he was enrolled: Introduction to the Major, Psychology of Adjustment, and Introductory Psychology. He will MOST likely ______ to bolster his self-image. -make his ideal self less consistent with his latest course performances -make upward social comparisons -make downward social comparisons -change his reference group to the students who passed those courses

make downward social comparisons

The "cocktail party effect" illustrates the concept of -internal attribution -external attribution -selective attention -controlled processing

selective attention

Someone who says, "I probably won't do well on the exam because I was up all night with a sick friend," is using the strategy of -projection -reaction formation -self-handicapping -basking in reflected glory

self-handicapping

Research presented in your text regarding parenting and self-esteem has found ______, thus, it would appropriate to conclude that ______ -A casual link between parenting styles and self-esteem; authoritarian parenting causes the highest self-esteem -A causal link between parenting styles and self-esteem; authoritative parenting causes the highest self-esteem -No relation between parenting styles and self-esteem; neglectful parenting is related to low self-esteem -A link between parenting styles and self-esteem; no particular parenting style causes higher or lower self-esteem

A casual link between parenting styles and self-esteem; authoritative parenting causes the highest self-esteem

Which of the following is an example of an external-unstable factor in attribution? -Bad luck -Ones's self-esteem -Lack of ability - The nature of the task

Bad luck

Professors can foster self-efficacy in their students if they set low standards for achievement so that most students can earn A's and B's in their courses. -True -False

False

Imagine that you want to convey the practical application of the Spotlight on Research Study, Bolkan and colleagues (2015), to a classmate interested in public health. Which of the following applications is MOST consistent with the research findings? -When people envision their feared selves they tend to be more motivated to become healthy than when they envision their optimistic selves. -If you instruct people to envision themselves engaging in healthy behaviors they will become less depressed. -People who are able to envision themselves engaging in healthy behaviors tend to be less depressed. -All of these applications are consistent with the research.

People who are able to envision themselves engaging in healthy behaviors tend to be less depressed

Matt is slightly overweight and out of shape but would like to be lean and athletic. His most probable emotional reaction to this type of self-discrepancy would be -anger -irritability -guilt -disappointment

disappointment

Everyone possesses a self-assessment, which consists of a person's beliefs -true -false

false

Relational interdependence is a strategy men frequently use to obtain social needs. -true -false

false

Mainstream American culture would most accurately be described as -collectivist -humanistic -individualistic -behaviorist

individualistic

A mismatching of self-perceptions is termed -ideal self -self-discrepancy -self-complexity -self-awareness

self-discrepancy

Robert believes the reason he did not get the job was he did't have as much to prepare for the interview as others because of bad luck on that day. Robert is most likely engaged in -downward social comparison -self-serving bias -self-verification -self-effacing bias

self-serving bias

Self-serving bias is the tendency to attribute one's _____ to personal factors and one's ______ to situational factors. -stability; instability -external' internal -failures; successes -successes; failures

successes; failures