psych chapter 6 quiz

rewarding a child for finishing his oatmeal mush and counting how many times the child needs to be rewarded before he finishes his oatmeal voluntarily

Which of the following experiments involves the use of operant conditioning?

he is famous for demonstrating the principles of operant conditioning: the motivation for a behavior happens after the behavior is demonstrated

Which statement about B. F. Skinner is correct?

shaping

Which term best describes rewarding successive approximations of a target behavior?

stimulus generalization

You are a big fan of your grandmother's chocolate chip cookies. Just the smell of them causes you to feel hungry. One night she is making chocolate chip oatmeal almond cookies, a variation of her usual recipe. You smell the baking cookies and even though it is different than her usual cookie scent, you still suddenly feel hungry for a treat. This demonstrates the classical conditioning principle of ________.

conditioned response

Stanley was diagnosed with lymphoma and had to undergo several months of chemotherapy. During this time he would become very nauseated as a side effect, and unintentionally came to associate that nausea with his favorite grilled cheese sandwich. Now, years later, even thinking about a grilled cheese sandwich makes him sick. In this example, Stanley's nauseous reaction to a grilled cheese sandwich is the ________.

latent

Learning that occurs but is not observable in behavior until there is a reason to demonstrate it is called ________ learning.

evolutionary

The ________ theory explains that the immediate associations involved in a conditioned taste aversion are a result of adaptation that helps us learn to avoid foods that are potentially harmful.

neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus

In classical conditioning, the association that is learned is between a ________.

after seeing a television character receive a reward for taking violent action against another character

If the principles of social learning theory are true, then children may model aggressive behavior ________.

learned

In Pavlov's classical conditioning, the term conditioned is approximately synonymous with the word ________.

associative

Classical and operant conditioning are forms of ________ learning.

partial

In ________ reinforcement, the person or animal is not reinforced every time a desired behavior is performed.

negative reinforcement

Dave's boss told him that he doesn't have to attend the company picnic (which everybody dislikes) if Dave meets his sales quota this month. Dave's boss is using ________.

observational

Dymesha watches her older sister do headstands. Dymesha falls over when she attempts to do a headstand herself. She watches her older sister more carefully, and she notices that her sister leans backward slightly to complete her headstand. Dymesha is then able to do headstands herself. Which type of learning is this?

model

Gabrielle watches her father put batteries into her toy phone, and she is then able to put the batteries into the toy phone herself without further instruction from her father. In this example, Gabrielle's father is a ________

operant conditioning

Hideki tells a lie and is grounded. He does this several times, finally learning that his behavior (lying) is associated with a consequence (being grounded). Which kind of learning is this?

emotion can be a conditioned response

What did John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner demonstrate with their studies of Little Albert?

one can learn new behaviors by observing others

What is the main idea of social learning theory?

babe saw Martin receive a candy bar for completing his reading list. she is careful to complete her reading list because she saw Martin get a reward for doing it

What term describes the continuation of a visual sensation after removal of the stimulus?

baby turning its head to suckle when its cheek is stroked

Which of the following is an example of instinct?

rescorla

According to psychologist ________ classical conditioning is effective because of the ability of a person or animal to predict the relationship between the UCS and the CS.

Jeong observes his sister Bronwyn getting spanked for spitting out her carrots. Because he does not like getting spanked, he chews and swallows the carrots even though he hates them.

Which of the following is an example of vicarious punishment?

it would be unethical by todays research standards

Which option is the most valid criticism of Watson and Rayner's work with "little Albert"?

acquisition and extinction

Which two concepts can be thought of as opposite processes within the classical conditioning model?

stimulus discriminaition

You begin to salivate when you smell your favorite cake in the oven, but not when you smell the gross scent of a dirty diaper. This is an example of ________.