Psych Chapter 9

musical

music abilities; ex. composer, musician

bodily kinesthetic

physical abilities; ex. dancer, athlete, surgeon

organic

related to physical disorders (birth injuries, fetal damage)

intrapersonal

self knowledge; ex. poet, actor, minister

valid

should measure what it claims to measure

working memory

the ability to use short-term memory

metacognitive skills

Breaking problems into parts, establishing goals and subgoals, monitoring your progress, and making corrections are all a part of one's

R

compare score on alternate forms of the test (Reliable or Validity)

R

compare scores from the test after administering it on two separate occasions (Reliable or Validity)

V

compare scores on test to grades, performance ratings, or other measures ( Reliable or Validity)

R

compare the score on half of test items to the score on the other half (Reliable or Validity)

savant syndrome

exceptional mental ability in one or more narrow areas

visual spatial processing

good at putting picture puzzles together & copying

reliable

must give approx. the same score each time

performance intelligence

nonverbal; intelligence measured by solving puzzles, assembling objects, completing pictures

visual

pictorial abilities, ex. engineer inventor artist

artificial intelligence

refers to creating computer programs capable of doing things that require intelligence when done by people

interpersonal

social abilities; ex. psychologist, teacher, politician

experiential intelligence

specialized knowledge and skills acquired through learning and experience

speed of processing

speed with which a person can mentally process info, reflects brain's speed & efficiency

test standardization

standard procedures are used in giving the test, and finding the norm, or average score, made by a large group of people like those for whom the test was designed

cretinism

stunted growth & intellectual disability caused by an insufficient supply of thyroid hormone

fluid intelligence

the ability to solve novel problems involving perceptual speed or rapid insight

crystallized intelligence

the ability to solve problems using already acquired knowledge

intelligence

the overall capacity to think rationally, to act purposefully, and to adapt to one's surroundings

a

Intellectual disability that is caused by metabolic disorders, genetic abnormalities, birth injuries, or fetal damage is referred to as a. organic. b. functional. c. inductive. d. familial.

metacognitive skills

an ability to manage one's own thinking and problem-solving efforts, large part of what it means to be to engage in reflective cognition

psychometric test

any measurement of a person's mental functions

knowledge

assesses the person's knowledge about a wide range of topics

stanford binet factors

assesses your general intelligence (g-factor), verbal intelligence, nonverbal intelligence, & each of the five cognitive factors

mental age

average cognitive ability displayed by people of a given age

adaptive behaviors

basic skills such as dressing, eating, communicating, shopping)

familial intellectual disability

mild intellectual disability associated with homes that are intellectually, nurtionally, and emotionally impoverished

a

A deviation IQ represents a person's: a. relative standing in a group based on mental test performance. b. ratio of mental age to chronological age. c. number of correct responses on a mental test. d. percent of correct responses on a mental test.

d

A familial intellectual disability: a. occurs in less than 10 percent of the cases of intellectual disability. b. usually results in a severe to profound degree of disability. c. is characterized by all of these statements. d. is based largely on an impoverished environment.

intellectual disability

IQ level of 70 or below; developmental disability, significant impairment of adaptive behavior. Evaluate by measuring a person's ability to perform adaptive behaviors

flynn effect

IQ scores have risen over the last 50 years, most likely from environmental factors not genetics

b

If presented with a question from a modern IQ test, such as "How are dogs and rabbits alike?" you might abstractly answer correctly that "They are both mammals", while people, like your grandparents, 50 years ago would have been more likely to give a concrete, functional answer like "Dogs hunt rabbits" which modern IQ tests would score as wrong. Regarding this comparison, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. People, like your grandparents, likely depended less on abstract reasoning 50 years ago than you do today. b. Like your grandparents 50 years ago, people from other cultures do not automatically value the abstract reasoning prized in today's more complex society. c. If your grandparents had been born today, their minds would not have been able to develop the abstract reasoning skills necessary to live in today's complex society. d. Our intelligence and the ways we measure it cannot easily be separated from the social and cultural context of particular places and times.

a

If the Flynn effect is real, it means that: a. life experiences can result in raised IQ scores. b. genetics have played the largest role in raising IQ scores. c. people think more concretely and functionally than they did 50 years ago. d. IQ scores are decreasing due to lowered educational standards.

c

If your IQ test gives the same score when corrected by different people, it is considered a(n) __________ test. a. valid b. reliable c. objective d. subjective

b

It is possible to develop metacognitive skills by applying a. kinesthetic intelligence. b. reflective intelligence. c. neural intelligence. d. experiential intelligence.

a

Many "free" tests you encounter, such as those found in magazines and on the Internet, have little or no a. validity. b. subjectivity. c. objectivity. d. reliability.

c

Of those listed below, the highest positive correlation between the IQ scores of relatives would occur between a. parents and their children. b. fraternal twins reared together. c. identical twins reared apart. d. siblings close in age (within two years) reared together.

a

Regarding Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Traditional IQ tests measure the real-world abilities of interpersonal, intrapersonal, and bodily-kinesthetic skills. b. Some children might find it easier to learn math or reading if these topics were tied to art, music, dance, or dram c. Many schools are using Gardner's theory to cultivate a wider range of skills and talents. d. Most of us are probably strong in only a few types of intelligence, while geniuses are able to use nearly all of the intelligences.

d

Which type of psychologist views intelligent behavior as an expression of thinking skills and believes that the nervous system is like a fast computer that is of little value unless you know how to use it? a. psychodynamic b. humanistic c. behaviorist d. cognitive

a

With regard to intelligence, genetics tends to: a. set the upper limits of one's intelligence level. b. set the lower limits of one's intelligence level. c. determine most, if not, all of one's intelligence. d. have little to no effect on one's intelligence.

hydrocephaly

a buildup of cerebrospinal fluid within brain cavities, pressure from this fluid can damage the brain and enlarge the head

aptitude

a capacity for learning certain abilities

microcephaly

a disorder in which the head and brain are abnormally small, forces brain to develop in a limited space, causing severe intellectual disability

pku disease

a genetic disease that allows phenylpyruvic acid to accumulate in the body, linked to very low levels of dopamine

down syndrome

a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra 21stchromosome; results in intellectual disability, shortened life expectancy of 49 years

fragile x syndrome

a genetic form of intellectual disability caused by a defect in the X chromosome, long thin faces & big ears, hyperactivity and attention disorders

culture-fair test

a test designed to minimize the importance of skills and knowledge that may be more common in some cultures than in others

emotional intelligence

ability to perceive, use, understand, and manage emotions. closely connected to nonverbal communication skills

fluid reasoning

ability to reason in unfamiliar situations

naturalist

ability to understand natural environment; ex. biologist

existential

ability to understand spiritually and existence; ex. religious leader, philosopher

deviation IQ

an IQ obtained statistically from a person's relative standing in his or her age group - that is, how far above or below average the person's score is relative to other scores

reflective intelligence

an ability to become aware of one's own thinking habits

neural intelligence

innate speed and efficiency of a person's brain and nervous system

verbal intelligence

intelligence measured by answering questions involving vocab, general info, arithmetic, and other language- or symbol-oriented tasks

linguistic

language abilities, ex. writer, lawyer, comedian

logical mathematical

logic & number abilities, ex. scientist, accountant, programmer

quantitative reasoning

measure a person's ability to solve problems involving numbers

g factor

measure of an individual's overall intelligence as opposed to specific abilities

IQ

mental age/chronological age times 100