psych exam 1-4 study

How many rods does each eye contain?

125 million

Raquel, Rachel, and Emma are triplets. Raquel and Rachel are monozygotic, and Emma is dizygotic. How much genetic overlap does Emma share with her sisters?

50%

The average amount of time it takes to complete each cycle through the stages of NREM sleep and REM sleep lasts about

90 minutes

Laila and Raheem were practicing a song for a cultural program. Their music teacher insisted that Norhan sing the verses in a high pitch. Which of the following could be a reason for the music teacher's decision to select Layla for the high pitch sounds and not Raheem?

A woman's vocal cords are usually shorter and vibrate at a greater frequency.

Which addictive depressants are used to relieve anxiety or induce sleep?

Barbiturates

What evidence is there that the left hemisphere of the brain is the primary language processing area

Broca's and Wernicke's areas are usually on the left

Lamar got a head injury while playing football, and his doctor wants to see which parts of his brain are active while he is doing various mental tasks. Which technology should Lamar's doctor choose?

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

Which of the following is true of B. F. Skinner's contribution to behaviorism?

He believed that organisms learn to behave in certain ways because they have been reinforced for doing so.

During which of the following are you most likely to experience hypnagogic hallucinations?

Non-rapid eye movement sleep

Which of the following statements is true of insomnia?

Older adults are more likely than younger adults to have insomnia.

Which of the following statements is true of stimulants?

They increase the activity of the nervous system.

Which of the following is true of feature detectors?

They refer to neurons that fire in response to specific features of sensory stimuli.

In which of the following conditions do receptors for warmth fire?

When skin temperature increases

It seems like every day you experience a decrease in your mental alertness around 2 or 3 o'clock each afternoon. This daily occurrence in your mental alertness is an example of:

a circadian rhythm

Amelia is a general physician. One of her patients claimed to be suffering from constant stomach aches. After running some tests, Amelia concludes that the patient is not suffering from any medical disorder. However, the patient insisted that she has stomach cancer. The patient then volunteered for a medical trial where she was given a pill with a new medication while participants in the trial were given sugar pills. This best exemplifies

a placebo

Megna stepped on a nail at the construction site where they worked. Which kind of neuron brings the pain signal from Megna's foot to their brain?

afferent

Bobby was standing in line to purchase a movie ticket. All of a sudden, the man in front of him took a few steps back and stepped on Bobby's foot. Bobby immediately felt pain in his foot. This sensation was transmitted to the spinal cord and the brain through ________.

afferent neurons

Which of the following describes the electrical impulse that provides the basis for the conduction of a neural impulse along an axon of a neuron?

an action potential

When you are training a pet, you are most likely relying on which of the following psychological perspectives?

behaviorist

When you look at paint samples, they may look different when you are in different lighting conditions. You, however, know that their hue hasn't actually changed due to which principle?

color consistency

Peter went out cycling one morning. He was not wearing a helmet. He fell off a ridge and fell into a steep valley. Apart from fracturing his arm and acquiring several bruises, Peter severely injured his head. The doctor noticed a swelling on the right side of his head and suspected that it was a blood clot. Which of the following did the doctor use to obtain a three-dimensional image of Peter's brain for further investigation?

computerized axial tomography

Which of the following terms refers to the waking state?

conscious

As Donna is answering this very question, she is aware of her environment. This awareness is referred to as:

consciousness

Parminter read online that someone got sick from taking the measles vaccine, so he refused to have his son inoculated. Which aspect of critical thinking did Parminter forget?

consider alternative interpretations

Which of the following are different from clinical psychologists in that their clients typically have adjustment problems, such as trouble making academic or vocational decisions or making friends in college, but not serious psychological disorders?

counseling psychologists

The construction of a factory near Valley Mont Elementary School adversely affected the concentration of the students in the school. In order to help the students cope with this problem, the principal of the school invited a psychologist who was experienced in dealing with humans and their interactions with their surroundings. Which field would this psychologist most likely study?

environmental psychologist

Dreams are most likely to be vivid during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, whereas images are vaguer and more fleeting during rapid eye movement sleep (REM) sleep.

false

In their continuing research, psychologists have come to define consciousness in only one way, as the continuing self in the world.

false

People woken up during NREM are more likely to report they were dreaming than people awoken during REM.

false

Ravi is unable to choose the right career path after completing his college education. He plans to visit a psychologist who might help him find the right career. In this scenario, Ravi is most likely to visit a human factors psychologist.

false

Sociocultural psychologists study those things we refer to as the mind. Correct Answer

false

The neural impulses that travel along a neuron are purely chemical in nature

false

The thyroid gland secretes melatonin

false

Unlike smoking cigarettes made of tobacco, smoking electronic cigarettes does not lead to a nicotine addiction.

false

You would not show any instinctive behaviors if you were born and raised separately from others in your family and/or species.

false

Jane is a practicing psychologist who assesses the mental status of people charged with crimes and shares her findings with the courts. Jane is most likely a(n) ________.

forensic psychologist

Liu wants to study how people see patterns in their perception, which school of thought should he enter?

gestaltism

Older adults are more likely than younger adults to have insomnia because of a

greater incidence of poor health and pain

In psychology class students are learning about afterimages. Dakota's teacher is having them stare at a red square on the board. What color will the afterimage be that Dakota and their classmates will perceive?

green

Caroline is a psychologist who studies how stress induces ailments such as heart problems and headaches. Some of her clients are smokers, and she is helping them quit smoking. She also suggests lifestyle changes to her clients to help them reduce and cope with stress. Caroline can best be described as a(n) ________.

health psychologist

Alicia was recently in a car accident. Since then, she cannot retain memories of events that occurred after the accident. However, she can recall events that took place before the accident. She recognizes her family and friends and important dates, such as her birthday and her marriage anniversary, but has to be constantly reintroduced to the new people in her life. Alicia has most likely sustained damage to her ________.

hippocampus

Shantra is a young girl who was in a bus accident a few years ago. Since her accident, Shantra is only able to remember people she had met before the accident and instances from her childhood. However, she is unable to remember people she met recently or events that are currently happening in her life. She reads the same newspaper for several days without realizing that she has read it before. The accident has made Shantra unable permanently store new information because she sustained an injury to her ________.

hippocampus

Which perspective is grounded in the work of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow?

humanistic-existential

A person in which field primarily focuses on the relationships between people and work?

industrial psychologist

Which of the following plays a significant role in sleeping, sneezing, and coughing?

medulla

Which method allows psychologists and other scientists to observe behavior where it happens, or "in the field?"

naturalistic observation

The first four stages of sleep are collectively known as

non-rapid eye movement sleep

The rods & cones are to the eye as the ________.

olfactory bulb is to taste

When a patient insists on having a medical cure but a physician does not believe that medicine is necessary, the physician may prescribe sugar pills. Such fake pills are called ________.

placebos

Which part of the hindbrain acts like a bridge and transmits information about body movements?

pons

Each kind of neurotransmitter has a unique chemical structure, and each can fit into a specifically tailored harbor, also known as a ________.

receptor site

Isha is going to see a movie but arrives late. By the time she walks in, the lights are already dimmed making it difficult to see. Which type of photoreceptors would be more sensitive to helping process vision in this setting?

rods

What is the correct order of the cells in the retina based on order of firing when receiving visual stimulation?

rods & cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells

A source of bias that may occur in research findings when participants are allowed to choose for themselves a certain treatment in a scientific study is called a ________.

selection factor

Junko is preparing for an English test, and her brother is playing music loudly in the next room. She focuses on reading her English textbooks and ignores the music. In this scenario, Junko is using _____.

selective attention

Marco initially was not bothered by his new nickname, however, after seeing it often through social media he became more sensitive to it. This process is known as ________.

sensitization

Tavish was so excited to see the ocean for the first time that he jumped right in. The water was very cold! After a few minutes though, Tavish didn't seem to notice how chilly the water was anymore. This is an example of ________.

sensory adaption

Goran is a person struggling with alcohol addiction. Which neurotransmitter might be in deficit for him?

serotonin

Two identical model cars are parked at the far end of a parking lot. You are able to determine that one of the cars is closer to you than the other because it appears to be slightly larger, even though you know it is the same as the other. This is an example of which perceptual cue?

size constancy

Drew's thalamus was damaged by an illness. Which of Drew's senses would be unaffected?

smell

Which of the following schools of thought holds that people can modify and create their own environments as part of learning?

social cognitive

A hypothesis is a ________.

statement about behavior or mental processes that is testable through research

Visual stimuli can be flashed too briefly, below our absolute threshold for conscious perception, to enable us to process them. This is an example of ________.

subliminal stimulation

Alex and Sean went hiking to celebrate their wedding anniversary, and saw a bear in their path. Which division of their nervous systems would prepare them for the fight or flight response?

sympathetic

Which senses are considered chemical senses?

taste and smell

Where is the pain message relayed after it travels through the spinal cord but before being projected to the cerebral cortex?

thalamus

Which of the following structures contains the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which stimulates the pineal gland to decrease the output of melatonin in the human body?

the hypothalamus

Which of the following theories proposed that there are three types of color receptors, but they are not sensitive only to red, green, and blue?

the opponent-process theory

Julie's research work requires her to interview a sample of 200 people within two months. She needs to gather data about the sample group's attitude toward certain situations through a questionnaire, but she has limited time to gather the information. Which of the following methods should Julie use to gather the required information?

the survey method

Active touching means continuously moving your hand along the surface of an object so that you continue to receive sensory input from the object.

true

Another term used for REM sleep is paradoxical sleep.

true

Cochlear implants contain microphones that sense sounds and electronic equipment that transmits sounds past damaged hair cells to stimulate the auditory nerve.

true

Direct artificial stimulation of the parietal lobe produces a sense of being touched somewhere on your body.

true

In psychodynamic theory, descriptive information that is not in awareness but can be brought into awareness by focusing one's attention (i.e., What did I eat for breakfast this morning? or What is my cell phone number?) is called preconscious material.

true

Odors trigger firing of receptor neurons in the olfactory membrane high in each nostril.

true

One of the concepts of evolutionary psychology is that not only physical traits but also many patterns of behavior, including social behavior, evolve and can be transmitted genetically from generation to generation.

true

The difference between sensation and perception is that sensation, or the stimulation of our senses, is an automated process resulting from sources of energy (light and sound) or the presence of chemicals (as in taste and smell), while perception is an active process in which sensations are organized and interpreted to form an inner representation of the world.

true

Which of the following statements is true of sleep?

People used more sleep when they are under stress

Which of the following statements is true of the scientific method?

Psychologists are guided by principles of critical thinking as they try to draw conclusions from research evidence collected through the scientific method.

Avani, a sleep researcher, noticed that her sleeping patient had a high level of neurological arousal. Based on this information, which stage of sleep can Avani assume the patient is in?

Rapid eye movement