psych exam 2

Regular use of opioids may reduce the brain's production of: a. endorphins. b. anandamides. c. GABA. d. dopamine.

a. endorphins

Research indicates that suicides by people with schizophrenia occur in response to: a. feelings of demoralization b. a feeling of invincibility c. overdoses of antipsychotic drugs d. voices commanding them to kill themselves

a. feelings of demoralization

The collective reactions generated by the sympathetic nervous system route and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are termed the: a. fight-or-flight response b. stressor-stress response c. conditioned stress response d. autonomic stress response

a. fight-or-flight response

During the COVID-19 pandemic, rates of domestic abuse rose significantly. This was attributed to all of the following EXCEPT: a. increased tobacco consumption b. increased social isolation c. increased alcohol consumption d. higher stress levels

a. increased tobacco consumption

When a rash of suicides occurs in the aftermath of a celebrity's suicide or a case that has been highly publicized by the media, behavioral theorists believe it is attributable to a. modeling b. fear c. hopelessness d. helplessness

a. modeling

Which does NOT characterize stress disorders? a. signs of increased arousal, such as poor sleep and exaggerated startle reactions b. a compulsive need to engage in activities that remind one of the event c. reduced responsiveness to the world around one d. recurring memories, dreams, or nightmares about the event

b. a compulsive need to engage in activities that remind one of the event

In research on suicide, abnormal serotonin levels and a dysfunctional depression-related brain circuit seem MOST related to: a. selfishness b. aggression c. introversion d. shame

b. aggression

Mood-stabilizing drugs have been found to increase the production of: a. potassium ions b. brain-derived neurotrophic factor c. first messengers d. serotonin and norepinephrine

b. brain-derived neurotrophic factor

The age group LEAST likely to commit suicide in the United States is a. young adults b. children c. older adults d. adolescents

b. children

According to Seligman's research, dogs that were initially exposed to inescapable electric shocks learned to _____ when given the opportunity to avoid subsequent escapable shocks a. bark and whimper b. do nothing c. engage in novel behaviors d. quickly escape

b. do nothing

Which of the following is NOT a physical symptom of depression? a. experiencing frequent headaches b. feeling sad and dejected c. eating less frequently d. sleeping poorly

b. feeling sad and dejected

Besides a stressful event, what else can cause switching of subpersonalities in a client with dissociative identity disorder? a. a change of physical setting b. hypnotic suggestion c. a request directed to the primary personality d. a change in the client's medication

b. hypnotic suggestion

In the United States, suicide rates are highest among the middle-aged. This fact a. has been known for a long time, but the reasons are still not clear b. is a recent phenomenon and not yet well understood c. a recent development, largely explained by economic factors d. is due to the way suicides are reported

b. is a recent phenomenon and not yet well understood

Alexis has dissociative identity disorder. When one of her personalities, Jodi, is asked about another one, Tom, she claims ignorance. Tom has never heard of Jodi, either. This is called a: a. coconscious relationship b. mutually amnesic relationship c. mutually cognizant pattern d. one-way amnesic relationship

b. mutually amnesic relationship

Drugs that bind to endorphin receptor sites and make it impossible for opioids to have their usual effect are known as: a. agonist drugs. b. narcotic antagonist. c. detoxifiers. d. benzodiazepines.

b. narcotic antagonist.

Leo drank quite a lot at the "biggest party of the year." Later, he had trouble falling asleep, so he took a Valium. If he dies from respiratory failure during the night, it is probably because the alcohol and Valium created a(n): a. complementary action. b. synergistic effect. c. cross-tolerance effect. d. antagonistic action.

b. synergistic effect.

When alcohol concentration reaches _____ of a person's blood by volume, that individual has reached a state of intoxication. a. 0.05 percent b. 0.08 percent c. 0.09 percent d. 0.10 percent

c. 0.09 percent

Which is the MOST accurate statement about the effects of marijuana in chronic male users? a. It causes abnormal sperm morphology (shape and size) in some men. b. It increases fertility in some men. c. It causes lower sperm count in some men. d. It causes infertility in most men.

c. It causes lower sperm count in some men

What do acute and posttraumatic stress disorder have in common with dissociative disorders? a. They are most successfully treated with the same sort of medication: antipsychotics b. They are varieties of depression c. They are triggered by traumatic events d. They are diagnoses, first appearing in DSM-5

c. They are triggered by traumatic events

Which description BEST defines self-injury? a. the most common method of parasuicide b. an accident that causes personal pain and distress c. a behavioral pattern of mutilating oneself or causing oneself pain d. a psychological disorder

c. a behavioral pattern of mutilating oneself or causing oneself pain

Unlike the opioid drugs morphine and heroin, methadone is: a. non-habit forming. b. not a narcotic. c. a synthetic drug. d. a central nervous system depressor.

c. a synthetic drug.

Talking rapidly, dressing flamboyantly, and getting involved in dangerous activities are _____ symptoms of mania a. motivational b. cognitive c. behavioral d. emotional

c. behavioral

What kind of depression is unipolar? a. depression that occurs due to the lengthy absence of sunlight during winter b. depression that includes only extreme sadness as a symptom c. depression that occurs without periods of mania d. depression that stems from a single event in one's life

c. depression that occurs without periods of mania

Which is typical of posttraumatic stress disorder? a. increased responsiveness and emotion right after the event b. obsession with revisiting the site of the traumatic event c. increased arousal, negative emotions, and guilt d. inability to remember the event that led to the stress

c. increased arousal, negative emotions, and guilt

Your aunt says, "I know I'm depressed, and I think and worry about my depression constantly; however, I never actually do anything about it." She is a. regressing toward the oral stage of development b. providing an example of the cognitive triad c. making ruminative responses d. committing errors in logic

c. making ruminative responses

Étienne attempts suicide and has a psychological disorder. The disorder is most likely a: a. eating disorder b. attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder c. mood disorder d. dissociative disorder

c. mood disorder

Susan deliberately overdoses on pills in an attempt at suicide, but her attempt at suicide does not succeed. This suicide attempt is called a: a. pseudosuicide b. sublethal suicide c. parasuicide d. subintentional suicide

c. parasuicide

People with little sense of "belongingness," who live alone and experience frequent conflicts with others, and who believe they have limited social support are experiencing: a. an abusive environment b. serious illness c. social isolation d. occupational stress

c. social isolation

Which structure is part of the depression-related brain circuit but not part of circuits that contribute to anxiety disorders and PTSD a. hippocampus b. amygdala c. subgenual cingulate d. prefrontal cortex

c. subgenual cingulate

All the following are part of Beck's theory of depression EXCEPT: a. maladaptive attitudes b. automatic thoughts c. symbolic loss d. the cognitive triad

c. symbolic loss

A friend has done some heavy drinking and asks you what to do to "sober up" as quickly as possible. The response that is MOST appropriate is: a. "Drink coffee, lots of coffee." b. "Drink carbonated soda." c. "Take an ice-cold shower." d. "Stop drinking."

d. "Stop drinking."

How does a biological predisposition to PTSD originate? a. It results from continuous repression of unpleasant thoughts b. It is a combination of equifinality and multifinality c. It is the product of poor coping strategies or weak social supports d. It can be either inherited genetically or acquired in childhood

d. It can be either inherited genetically or acquired in childhood

_______ involves using a drug to the point that it affects one's family, social relationships, and/or work. a. Substance tolerance b. Substance intoxication c. Substance withdrawal d. Substance use disorder

d. Substance use disorder

What makes electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) effective in treating unipolar depression? a. ECT increases norepinephrine and serotonin activity b. ECT has a relaxing effect, which promotes a sense of well-being c. ECT mimics the effects of cognitive therapy to eliminate negative thoughts d. The reasons for ECT's effectiveness are not well understood

d. The reasons for ECT's effectiveness are not well understood

One distinction that DSM-5-TR makes between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder is based on the: a. presence of one or more additional psychological disorders b. cause of the anxiety-linked symptoms c. intensity of the anxiety-linked symptoms d. duration of anxiety symptoms

d. duration of anxiety symptoms

A person constantly weeping is displaying a(n) _____ symptom of depression a. cognitive b. motivational c. behavioral d. emotional

d. emotional

Opioid antagonists can produce withdrawal symptoms. Opioid antagonists that produce less severe withdrawal are: a. pseudo-antagonists. b. maintenance agonists. c. opioid agonists. d. partial antagonists.

d. partial antagonists

What factor is thought to account for variations in suicide rates among different countries? a. governmental regulations regarding suicide b. climate c. prevalence of mental disorders d. religious affiliation and beliefs

d. religious affiliation and beliefs

A person uses a substance at noon. Although remaining awake and alert, the person experiences poor coordination, palpitations, and greatly enhanced visual perceptions. By dinner, the symptoms have almost completely subsided. The person MOST likely: a. drank a substantial amount of alcohol. b. took a dose of barbiturates. c. injected heroin. d. took LSD.

d. took LSD.