psych exam 2

most popular drug on college campuses is

alcohol

____ memories concern generalized knowledge.

semantic

three stages of memory

sensory, short term, long term

in his classic study of transcendental meditation, benson found that mediation lead to

a relaxation response

Elyse is a college student who has developed a tolerance to heroin and experiences withdrawal symptoms whenever she doesn't have a "fix" at least every 8 hours. she feels that she has lost control and has to organize her life around her habit. she would be classified as having?

a substance use disorder

biological or physiological symptoms use disorder include tolerance and an _____ syndrome earn one discontinues use of the substance

abstinence

according to the ____ -synthesis model, dress reflect neural activity

activation

while attempting to identify neural receptors that trigger salivary glands, Ivan Pavlov inadvertently found that responses can be learned through

association

Consciousness has several meanings, including sensory awareness, the selective aspect of attention, direct inner_______, personal unity, and the waking state.

awareness

Allegra is said to have hypnotic suggestibility. She is likely to

be prone to fantasy

which of the following are children most likely to "outgrow"?

bed wetting

_____ id a stimulant that boots self-confidence but also triggers rises in blood pressure and constricts the coronary arteries.

cocaine

according to ____ theory, learning occurs because a CS indicates that the UCS is likely to follow

contingency

a substance use disorder is characterized by loss of _______ over the use of substance

control

memories of the events that happen to a person are ____ memories

episodic

The notion that animals that are most at risk from predators sleep less is taken from which of the following perspectives

evolutionary

Repeated presentations of the conditioned stimulus (CS) without the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) will

extinguish the (CR)

during a typical eight-hour night, we undergo (how many?)_____ trips through the different stages of sleep

five

in a _______-_______ schedule, a specific amount of time must elapse since a previous correct response before reinforcement again becomes available

fixed interval

in the behavior-therapy method of _____, a client is continuously exposed to a fear evoking stimulus until the fear response is distinguished

flooding

_____ substances distort perceptions

hallucinogen

which of the following statements is correct concerning brain waves and the sleep cycle?

high-frequency brains waves are associated with being awake.

When a behavior is followed by negative reinforcement, the behavior is likely to

increase

subconscious learning

latent learning

according to behaviorists, ____ is a relatively permanent change in an organisms behavior that occurs because of expiernce.

learning

In meditation, one focuses on a ____ to alter the normal person-environment relationship.

mantra

____ reinforcers increase the probability that pedants will occur when they are removed.

negative

Because EEG patterns during REM sleep resemble those of the waking state, REM sleep is also called ____ sleep.

paradoxical

when we say that we are "conscious of" seeing something or hearing a sound, we are referring to consciousness as ______

sensory awareness

Extinguished responses often show ______ recovery as a function of the passage of time

spontaneous

Hypnosis is an altered state of consciousness in which people are suggestible & behave as though they are in a ____

trance

Slot machines reward gamblers with money according to which reinforcement schedule?

variable ratio