Psych exam 2

Why would individuals with graphme-color synesthesia be faster and more accurate when detecting a hidden shape?

A certain color is constant for them with a certain number

Baby Asha is sitting on the floor when her older brother sits down next to her. He takes her favorite stuffed rabbit out of her hands, holds it up, and then puts it behind his back. Within just a few seconds, Asha begins to cry. Her brother hands her back the rabbit, which stops the crying, but he doesn't understand why she didn't just look behind his back for the toy. What would be the reason for this?

Asha is in Piaget's sensorimotor stage of cognitive development and has not yet mastered object permanence.

according to the excerpt what is one of the major problems in detecting AD?

By the time doctors detect AD has already progressed significantly (Alzheimer's)

Pamela watches her cat Mr. Big swat his paw at the wall and calls out, "Crazy Big, what are you swatting at; nothing is there." How would you explain the fact that Mr. Big can see something that Pamela cannot?

Cats see low-frequency, low contrast objects better than humans.

Numerous research studies have found a relationship between sleep deprivation and a decrease in overall physical and mental performance. Which of the following policies is most likely related to this damaging relationship?

Commercial vehicle operators have their daily amount of driving and waking hours monitored by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration.

Ashley is studying a list of vocabulary words for her psychology exam. Which of the following would be most effective for recalling definitions during the exam?

Cues based on her own experiences

Approximately an hour after falling asleep, Daisy's roommate repeatedly shakes her shoulder and asks Daisy to move her car out of the driveway. Daisy takes several minutes to respond to her roommate and then opens the refrigerator to find her keys. What type of brain waveforms did Daisy display right before being awakened?

Delta waves

Which of the following requires the skills of the central executive?

Divided attention

Researchers observing sleep patterns find that approximately 20% of college students suffer from a sleep disorder. The hours spent attending class, working, and studying can strain a college student's ability to get adequate sleep. Unfortunately, the methods used to combat lack of sleep may make the problem worse. Which of the following statements exemplifies this situation?

Drinking caffeinated beverages can make it hard to fall asleep, reducing your total sleep time.

In humans, zygote is the correct term for a developing organism during which period of time?

During the first 2 weeks following conception

Of the following, who is most likely to benefit from the use of methylphenidate?

Ellen, who is gearing up for the national mathematics Olympiad

The inhibition of which neurotransmitter contributes to the onset of seizure activity?

GABA

Natalia, who suffers from epilepsy, experiences a seizure in which she completely loses consciousness, stops breathing, and thrashes about uncontrollably. Natalia experienced which type of seizure?

Generalized tonic-clonic

The "magic number 7 plus or minus 2" was first identified by psychologist ____.

George Miller

Some wonder if people with synesthesia are just being metaphorical, as many people use metaphors that cross sensory modalities. A "loud shirt" doesn't actually produce a sound, a warm color doesn't actually evoke a change in temperature, and "bitter cold" doesn't actually produce a taste. What does Cytowic's friend say that suggest this isn't the case?

He claims that he's not experiencing a hallucination, that he actually senses something in addition to taste

Lillian is cramming for her Latin exam. She must memorize vocabulary lists for Chapters 3 through 7 in her textbook by tomorrow morning. Which of the following best describes her recall of Chapter 5's vocabulary list compared to her friend Deb, who studied each chapter on the individual night assigned?

Her recall of Chapter 5 will be worse than Deb's because of proactive and retroactive interference.

What is the role of the amygdala in processing visual information?

It makes quick emotional judgments about visual stimuli.

What is the evidence that meditation may slow some aspects of aging?

It positively correlates with increased cortical thickness in older individuals.

Dora has no problem falling asleep each night, but she wakes up frequently in the middle of the night and often cannot fall back asleep. From what type of insomnia does Dora suffer?

Maintenance insomnia

The movement of hair cells in the vestibular system results in the production of signals in the auditory nerve. Where do the axons of the auditory nerve then form connections?

Medulla and cerebellum

Heather considers herself a "chocoholic." When she is having a bad day, she knows that a few bites of chocolate will always make her feel better. Which area of her brain is responsible for this effect?

Orbitofrontal cortex

Although many purported uses of hypnosis fail to be supported by reliable and valid research, the _______ has shown that hypnotic suggestion can lead to reorganization of cognitive processes.

Stroop test

In the video, Dr. Weber states that most drug-related public service announcements (PSAs) have two main goals. How does the PSA you just watched attempt to meet those goals?

The hospital scene is designed to make you view meth as dangerous, which should make you reluctant to try it

Duke is exhausted and plops down on the couch. Fifteen minutes after falling asleep, Duke is not awakened by the refrigerator cycling on. He is, however, awakened by his roommate opening the refrigerator door. What type of brain waveforms did Duke display right before being awakened?

Theta waves with sleep spindles and K-complexes

The graphs at the end of the survey represent average data for typical, college-age students. How can we describe the sleep pattern of typical college students?

They typically sleep for less than 6 hours and they make up for lost sleep on the weekends

Why do most high-risk individuals tend to disregard PSAs and view them negatively?

When one aspect of a PSA is unrealistic or fails to match their experience, high-risk individuals distrust the entire message.

Siddhartha saved up money from his summer job to buy a powerful home theater system. When shopping for the best buy in a home theater system the sales representative informs Siddhartha that the more expensive models are worth the money because they ____.

boost frequencies below 80 Hz

In order to demonstrate that the regulation and certification of hypnotherapists is questionable, psychologist Steve Eichel managed to obtain official-looking credentials that certified his ____ as a licensed and qualified hypnotherapist.

cat

early stage of AD

cognitive deficits are problematic, but patients can still do most day to day tasks

Jean has an intense fear of alligators, including large stuffed alligators and often discusses the topic. She thinks that an alligator attacked her during a family picnic when she was young. Her mother recently found a video of her daughter's fourth birthday picnic in the park in which her uncle held his gift, a large stuffed alligator, in front of his face and growled ferociously. This indicates that Jean's memory of the alligator attack is likely ____.

confabulation

Vito, age 5, and his uncle are playing with cookie dough. They make two round balls of the same size. Vito flattens one ball of cookie dough into a pancake shape on the baking sheet and says, "Look, now this one has more dough." In this context, Vito does not yet understand

conservation

Matt remembers visiting the Universal theme park and SeaWorld in Florida with his family when he was 8 years old. This is an example of a(n) ____.

episodic memory

Roger is preparing for his final exam in Bioethics. The most difficult type of question for him on the exam, in terms of memory retrieval, will most likely be ____.

essay

After you roughly bump part of your body—say your shin or your "funny bone"—into something and experience pain as a result, you may help to decrease that sense of pain by rubbing the injured area. The _______ theory provides some insight as to why rubbing the area helps to lower the pain that you feel.

gate theory

Loss of hearing occurs first at

higher frequencies.

The final stage of the Atkinson-Shiffrin model refers to the location of permanent memories. This is called ____ memory.

long-term

In Dr. Weber's research, he found that ________ ________ displayed different patterns of activity in brain regions related to ________ while watching the PSAs.

low-risk and high-risk individuals; persuasion

end stage of AD

patients show severe cognitive and physical deterioration

middle stage of AD

patients show significant impairment and show rudimentary cognitive abilities

Newborns show an innate preference for looking at faces. This preference

provides advantages relative to the importance of social relationships

Fred is studying vocabulary for his biomedical class while sitting in a busy coffee shop. Fred's recall of the material will likely be best while ____.

seated with background noise

Ada is almost 1 month old. What does he spend most of his day doing?

sleeping

researches have found forms of synesthesia that affect every sensory modality. Which way best describes the way it was experienced by Cytowic's friend

taste elicited a tactile sensation in the hands

The hippocampus plays an essential role in ____.

the formation of new memories

In the middle ear, the purpose of three tiny bones located in the middle ear is to ____.

transfer sound energy to the fluid of the inner ear

When scientists artificially alter recordings of speech to resemble regular, repeating sine waves, people typically interpret this as ____.

tweeting birds

In humans, information from the vestibular system is tightly integrated with ____ processing.

visual

Jordan typically has at least three cups of coffee throughout the day. She decides to cut her coffee habit "cold turkey," but experiences severe lethargy despite having a good night's sleep. Jordan is experiencing ____.

withdrawal symptoms