psych exam 3: practice test questions

A couple has adopted three children from Korea and reared them in a loving home--two of the children are MZ twins and the third is unrelated to the first two. As adults, researchers find that a correlation of .6 on various personality characteristics between the MZ twins. Which of the following correlations would the researchers expect to find between the MZ twins and their adopted sister? a. .0 b/. .3 c. .6 d. -.3

A

A farmer is being troubled by coyotes eating his sheep. In an attempt to solve the problem, he kills a sheep and laces its body with a nausea-inducing drug. He leaves the sheep out where he knows the coyotes roam. He hopes they will learn not to eat the sheep. The farmer is attempting to apply the principle of _____________ to accomplish this. a. conditioned taste acersions b. insight learning c. latent learning d. S-OR learning

A

A man was being treated for drug addiction. He was exposed repeatedly to drug paraphernalia, the people, money--all of things that he had learned to associate with the drug use and resulting drug high--without actually using the drug. This process, called desensitization, makes use of ___________ to treat addiction. a. extinction b. aquisition c. discrimunative stimulus d. stimulus generalization

A

According to Dr Gewirtz, Emotion responses have three aspects: Feelings, autonomic responses and somatic responses. Which of the following would describe Jada's somatic response when she realized that she had totally forgotten a Psy 1001 exam last week. a. she called home b. started trembling c. palms were sweaty d. sick to her stomach

A

As described in lecture, a fear-potentiated startle response in animals... a. occurs in the presence of a conditioned stimulus. b. is the result of a sudden loud noise. c. results in an increase in the frequency of a response. d. can only be observed outside the laboratory.

A

As discussed in lecture, DCS (di-cycloserine) is a drug which is used to treat phobias because it: a. speeds up extinction of a phobic response b. can also be used treat depression. c. is a special type of beta-blocker. d. prevents the formation of emotional memories.

A

As discussed in lecture, the neurotransmitter released by rewarding stimuli is ________________. a. dopamine b. DCS c. GABA d. norepinephrine

A

As suggested by the facial feedback hypothesis, our emotions are most likely to be affected by... a. facial blood vessels b. face shape c, external stimuli d. bodily movement

A

BF Skinner spent time during World War II in a secret lab in Minneapolis training pigeons to guide missiles to targets on the ground. To do this, he discovered a new way to train animals--reinforcing successive approximations of the target response. This concept is known as ___________. a. shaping b. discriminative stimulus c. stimulus discriminatin d. negative reinforcement

A

Danish was robbed by a couple of thugs near the bike racks by Wilson Library. After that, he found that he was reluctant to walk there, preferring to navigate around the West Bank by using underground tunnels. In fact, just thinking about walking near the Wilson Library bike racks made him feel anxious. It seems that space itself provokes anxiety in Danish. The process through which Danish learned to be anxious in a particular place is known as ___________________. a. emotional condiioning b. generalization c. discriminative stimulus d. stimulus event learning

A

Employers might choose to use intelligence tests to select people for executive positions because IQ tests ________________. a. correlate positively with leadership b. correlate negatively with creativity. c. are reliable d. correlate with happiness

A

In classical conditioning, it is generally easier to establish a new association if the stimulus which is used as the conditioned stimulus is _________________________. a. unfamiliar. b. weak in intensity. c. presented after the unconditioned stimulus. d. familiar.

A

A couple has adopted three children from Korea and reared them in a loving home--two of the children are MZ twins and the third is unrelated to the first two. As adults, researchers find that a correlation of .6 on various personality characteristics between the MZ twins. Which of the following correlations would the researchers expect to find between the MZ twins and their adopted sister? a. .6 b. -.3 c. .0 d. .3

C

A student in Psy 1001 got 43 on the first exam, which had a mean of 37 and a standard deviation of 6. How well did this student do, compared to other students in the class? a. This student got 86% correct. b. This student scored better than 68% of Psy 1001 students. c. This student scored better than 84% of Psy 1001 students. d. This student scored better than 95% of Psy 1001 students.

C

After using the techniques of classical conditioning to train sweet amiable Little Albert to be fearful of his pet white rat, J. B. Watson demonstrated the phenomenon of stimulus generalization when Little Albert_____. a. cried when he saw his pet white rat b. no longer cried when he saw his pet rat c. cried when he saw a white rabbit d. did not cry when he saw men with brown or black beards

C

As discussed in lecture, the Two-Factor Model of learning explains which of the following phenomena a. a rat experiences fear when a light turns on that signals an electrified floor and a mild shock. b. a dog learns to sit "like a good dog" before being fed. c. a drug addict learns to take drugs to avoid the unpleasant symptoms of withdrawal. d. Mel learns to turn off the dripping faucet to end the annoying "drip, drip, drip" sound.

C

As discussed in lecture, the stability of IQ over time is ________________ a. highly variable, with a majority of people changing more than 20 points over ten years. b. highly variable, with change associated with specific environmental influences. c. highly stable, with a correlation of .73 over nearly 70 years. d. highly stable, with little change found in children over time even when their IQ scores is first measured prior to age three.

C

One can be conditioned to become sexually aroused at the sight of a triangle if the triangle is presented shortly ________ an appropriate ________. a. after; CS b. after; UCS c. before; UCS d. before; CS

C

Researchers studying the personality trait of "agreeableness" have found a correlation of 0.36 between monozygotic twins (MZ) reared together. Based on the methods of behavioral genetics discussed this semester, researchers would consider a correlation of ________ between dizygotic twins (DZ) reared together as consistent with a genetic component to this personality trait. a. .72 b. .36 c. .18 d. .09

C

The Type A behavior pattern is a significant predictor of ________. a. cancer b. respiratory illness c. coronary heart disease d. mental illness

C

The mysterious finding that IQ scores have steadily increased since 1950 is know as __________________. a. sprearmans correlation b. project talent c. flynn effect d. ravens progressive matrices

C

The theory that certain behaviors are based on responses learned via classical conditioning and then maintained through operant conditioning is known as __________________. a. vicarious conditioning b. observational learning c. the two factor learning theory d. fear conditioning

C

The two-factor theory of emotion suggests that... a. emotions and bodily reactions are simultaneously produced by stimuli. b. emotions are based upon our gut feelings. c. emotions are produced by both autonomic arousal and cognition. d. emotions are from our interpretations of bodily reactions to stimuli.

C

When Madison visits her grandparents' house, she runs straight to Grandma and gives her a hug. Then, Grandma takes Madison to the kitchen and gives her a freshly-baked cookie. Over time, Madison learns that hugging Grandma usually leads straight to cookies so she hugs Grandma often. This is an example of which principle of learning? a. law of contiguity b. pseudoconditioning c. law of effect d. stimulus discrimination

C

When Madison visits her grandparents' house, she runs straight to Grandma and gives her a hug. Then, Grandma takes Madison to the kitchen and gives her a freshly-baked cookie. Over time, Madison learns that hugging Grandma usually leads straight to cookies so she hugs Grandma often. This is an example of which principle of learning? a. stimulus discrimination b. law on contiguity c. law of effect d. pseufoconditioning

C

When a certain young man enters the room, Vivian becomes very animated and lively. She does not behave this way around other young men. A behavioral psychologist might observe that the certain young man serves as a _____________________ for Vivian's behavior. a. conditioned stimulus b. conditioned reinforcer c. discriminative stimulus d. positive reinforcer

C

When four-year old Edith imitated her father by saying certain forbidden four-letter words, her mother turned toward Edith and laughed. Edith liked this attention, so Edith will probably use these words more in the future. Edith is learning to swear like her father through the process of: a. negative reinforcement. b. positive punishment. c. positive reinforcement. d. negative punishment.

C

Which of these practices is most consistent with eugenics? a. Providing extra funding to help low-IQ care for their children. b. Restricting desirable jobs to wealthy individuals. c. Making birth control more accessible to people of limited intellectual ability. d. Failing to adequately fund schools serving low-income children.

C

Which of these practices is most consistent with eugenics? a. Providing extra funding to help low-IQ care for their children. b. Preventing immigrants and African-Americans from going to school. c. Forcing sterilizations of individuals who were assumed to have lower intelligence d. Restricting desirable jobs to wealthy individuals.

C

Which two different terms best describe Schachter and Singer's theory of emotion? a. nature and nurture b. behavior and genetics c. arousal and context d. arousal and physiology

C

A differential psychologist is likely to be most interested in studying what aspect of the recreational drug MDMA ("Ecstasy")? a. Will MDMA use affect memory and problem solving in animals? b. Are children of MDMA users more likely to develop ADHD? c. Which neurotransmitters are responsible for the mind-altering effects of MDMA? d. Is there a relationship between MDMA use and the personality trait of extraversion?

D

A fear-potentiated startle is... a. an expression of fear b. the startle response that one has to an unexpected burst of noise c. found in animals but not in humans d. the difference between a startle response in a neutral condition and in a high arousal condition

D

A person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point. The person is engaging in __________ thinking a. functional b. convergent c. circular d. divergent

D

A recent political ad, paid for by challenger Joe Nogood, showed his opponent, incumbent Senator Lameduck, alongside Saddam Hussein. Most voters feel spontaneous anger and revulsion when they think of Hussein. Clearly, the supporters of challenger Nogood hope that this ad will cause voters to feel anger and revulsion when they think of Lameduck as well. In this ad, which applies principles of classical conditioning, the unconditioned response is: a. senator lameduck b. joe nogood c. saddam hussein d. anger and revulsion

D

An rat receives a food pellet as reinforcement sometimes after his third lever press, sometimes after his fourth lever press, sometimes not for ten lever presses. Which type of schedule of reinforcement is this? a. fixed-ratio schedule b. variable-interval schedule c. fixed-interval schedule d. variable-ratio schedule

D

As a way to measure emotion, psychologists startle research participants while they are viewing IAPS pictures. When people are startled while viewing high-arousal pleasant pictures, their startle response is ____________ . a/. higher than their startle response to neutral images. b. the same as their startle response to high-arousal, unpleasant images. c. the same as their startle response to neutral pictures d. lower than their startle response to neutral pictures.

D

As described in lecture, a promising treatment for PTSD involves preventing the formation of painful emotional memories through the use of ______________. a. virtual reality simulations b. DCS c. meditation and sleeping pills d. beta- blocker

D

As discussed in lecture, IQ correlates with all of the following, except: a. educational achievement b. extracurricular activities c. occupational achievement d. happiness

D

Conditioning techniques are used in advertising to sell products. Pairing a neutral stimulus (like a handbag) with a naturally exciting stimulus (like an attractive model) is an example of: a. backward and forward conditioning. b. behavior-consequence pairing. c. shaping. d. classical conditioning.

D

During the alarm stage of the general adaptation syndrome,_________. a. neurotransmitter levels and the central nervous system are activated b. the central and somatic systems are activated c. synaptic activity and the somatic nervous system activate to send messages from the CNS to muscles d. the sympathetic nervous system is activated and adrenal glands release hormones

D

How might a doctor use DCS (D-cycloserine) in the treatment of PTSD? a. Within 24 hours of the traumatic event, to prevent the formation of emotional memories. b. Within 24 hours of the traumatic event, to increase the release of dopamine and sense of well-being. c. During exposure therapy, to block the recall of emotional memories. d. To speed up the extinction of anxiety during exposure therapy.

D

In classical conditioning, which of the following involves learning? a. extinction, but not acquisition b. acquisition, but not extinction c. neither acquisition nor extinction d \. both acquisition and extinction

D

Many people are suspicious of claims that IQ has a genetic component _________________. a. because researchers cannot separate genetic and environmental factors that contribute to "intelligence" since parents provide both b. because the evidence for the environment bases of IQ is so overwhelming c. because IQ tests are biased d. because supporters of the eugenics movement have misused findings of genetic influences on behavior

D

People living under stressful conditions tend to get sick more often than they would otherwise. How do researchers in psychoneuroimmunology explain this phenomenon? a. The body tends to adapt to the constant call for the stress response and, thus, future responses are not as strong as before. b. The stress response in the long run leads to a lowering of the heart rate, which makes the heart inefficient. c. The stress response makes muscles stronger, which places a greater burden on the heart and respiratory systems. d. The stress response reduces immune system functioning, thus making us more vulnerable to diseases.

D

Suppose a psychologist wants to test the theory of a "g" factor of intelligence. What kind of data should the psychologist collect? a. Data on the means and standard deviations for people of various ages when they take IQ tests. b. Surveys asking psychologists if they believe that IQ tests truly measure intelligence> c. Information on similarities and differences in the IQ scores of MZ twins reared apart. d. Correlations between performance on various intellectual or cognitively-demanding tasks.

D

The Yerkes-Dodson law describes the relationship between arousal and motivation as ____________. a. negatively sloped line b. positively sloped line c. u shaped d. upside down U shape

D

In this lecture, Dr. Kuncel spoke about the relationship between intelligence at age 13 and levels of achievement 25 years later. What was his main point about this line of research? a. Higher levels of intelligence at age 13 predict greater levels of achievement years. b. Lower levels of intelligence at age 13 predicts higher rates of achievement years later. c. Psychologists are currently are unable to measure intelligence reliably. d.There is no correlation between intelligence at age 13 and achievement years later.

A

Jill wants to train Claudius, her boyfriend, to open doors for her. He opened the door for himself once and she slipped in before him, giving him a kiss on the cheek and praising his manners. If she wants him to always be eager to open doors for her, what schedule of kisses and praise should she use? a. variable ratio b. variable interval c. fixed ratio d. fixed interval

A

John loves feeding cattle, and he whistles while he works. The cattle are so accustomed to this routine, that as soon as they hear John whistling, they all run to the food trough. In this example, John's whistling is: a. a discriminative stimulus b. A negative reinforcer c. a secondary reinforcer d. a unconditioned stimulus e. a positive reinforcer

A

Julie has a desk right next to her manager's office. Whenever her manager is in the office, Julie makes sure that she works hard at her computer. However, when the manager is away from his office, she often works much more slowly and takes many breaks. In this case, the manager being in his office is acting as ______________ for working hard. a. a discriminative stimulus b. a negative reinforcer c. an unconditioned stimulus d. a positive reinforcer

A

Learning that occurs when an organism's behavior is influenced by watching models is called _________. a. observational learning b. classical conditioning c. latent learning d. operant conditioning

A

Many people are suspicious of claims that IQ has a genetic component _________________. a. because supporters of the eugenics movement have misused findings of genetic influences on behavior b. because IQ tests are biased c. because researchers cannot separate genetic and environmental factors that contribute to "intelligence" since parents provide both d. because the evidence for the environment bases of IQ is so overwhelming

A

Observing that intelligence test items with very different content all correlated, Spearman hypothesized that _____________. a.there was an underlying general factor of intelligence (g) b. intelligence tests were only good for measuring specific abilities c. if intelligence tests did not measure intelligence at all d. intelligence could be divided into fluid and crystallized intelligence

A

On an IQ test with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15, a score of 85 would be interpreted as _______________. a. one standard deviation below the mean b. two standard deviations below the mean c. one standard deviation above the mean d. not significantly different from the mean

A

Recently, 94-year old Dr. Goodenough and his team at the University of Texas at Austin filed a patent for a new kind of battery that might revolutionize electric cars. (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.A newspaper report described the battery as "blazingly creative" because ____? a. the new battery is both novel and appropriate. b. the new battery was developed by someone who is nearly 100-years old. c. the invention is likely to kill of petroleum-based vehicles. d. the new invention is surprising and radical.

A

Sensitization can be viewed as an evolutionary adaptation that keeps humans safer because ______________________. a. it allows people to become increasingly aware of potentially dangerous stimuli. b. it allows people to detect when a stimulus has changed. c. It allows people to stop paying attention to stimuli that are harmless. d. it energizes an escape response to one-time dangerous stimuli

A

The scientist whose work led to the development of the principles of classical conditioning is: a. pavlov b. piaget c. skinner d. thorndike

A

When John was young he ate old Chinese food and became ill. Now every time he walks past the local Chinese restaurant the aroma makes his stomach turn and feels ill. Identify the conditioned stimulus. a. aroma b. chinese food c. illness d. chinese restaurant

A

When the phone rings, Ella has learned that it might be another Telefund solicitation and that makes her feel anxious. Therefore before she answers the phone, she checks the caller ID. If it is indeed the Telefund calling, Ella will not answer the phone. In this way Ella manages to avoid the unpleasant Telefund calls. In this example, Ella's behavior illustrates _________________________. a. two factor model of learning b. classical conditioning c. operant conditioning d. observational learning

A

Which of the following are basic emotions that people can usually identify in photographs, according to Ekman? a. happiness, sadness, surprise b. sadness, remorse, fear c. love, happiness, disgust d. fear, anger, disappointment

A

Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement? a. Giving a child candy for completing their homework b. Giving students homework passes when they work hard during class c. Taking away privileges if a child does not follow classroom rules d. Removing a child's chores when he or she complete homework

A

The two parts of the two factor learning theory are _________________. a. learning a behavior through negative punishment and then maintaining it through positive reinforcement. b. learning a behavior through operant conditioning and then maintaining it through classical conditioning. c. learning a behavior and then unlearning it through extinction d. learning a emotional state through classical conditioning which then serves to motivate behavior through operant conditioning.

D

The way to distinguish classical conditioning from operant conditioning is that _______________________. a. Classical conditioning is automatic and quick whereas operant conditioning is more controlled and slow. b. Classical conditioning is unconscious whereas operant conditioning is conscious. c. Classical conditioning involves animals whereas operant conditioning involves humans. d. Classical conditioning involves an association between two stimuli and whereas operant conditioning requires behavior on the part of the learner.

D

When developing tests to predict school performance, Binet's insight was that ____________________________. a. family background will play a larger role than motivation. b. children may excel at one or more multiple intelligences. c. children with more efficient senses will have higher IQs. d. children who struggle in school are behaving like younger children.

D

Which of the following best illustrates the adaptive value of emotion? a. After her stroke, Dorothy stopped feeling fearful. b. Marta was so overwhelmed by all the work she had to finish before the end of the semester that she was paralyzed with fear and didn't do anything. c. Fabian chose to spank his son for disobeying because he thought it was important to show that behavior has consequences. d. When an animal threatened her infant son, Maya's fright gave her the strength to grab him and run like the wind to safety.

D

Which of the following best illustrates the adaptive value of emotion? a. After her stroke, Dorothy stopped feeling fearful. b. Marta was so overwhelmed by all the work she had to finish before the end of the semester that she was paralyzed with fear and didn't do anything. c. Fabian chose to spank his son for disobeying because he thought it was important to show that behavior has consequences. d. When an animal threatened her infant son, Maya's fright gave her the strength to grab him and run like the wind to safety.

D

Which of the following is the best example of an autonomic aspect of an emotional response to an incident? a. When Molly saw the flock of wild turkeys by Pioneer Hall, she smiled happily. b. After his girlfriend was fired, an angry programmer hacked the company computers and trashed six months worth of sales data. c. "I was terrified," Edwina commented as she described her recent car accident to a friend. d. The criminal got sweaty palms during the lie detector test when he was asked about what really happened last Thursday night.

D

While completing an intelligence test, Gareth was asked to pick the response option which shows how the flat metal shape will look when folded at the dotted lines. What kind of item has he just completed? a. verbal item b. quantitative item c. matrices item d. spacial item

D

While still an experimental treatment, research suggests that PTSD may be prevented by: a. using DCS (D-cycloserine) to speed up the extinction of emotional memories. b. Administering DCS (D-cycloserine) within 24-hours of a traumatic event to prevent the formation of emotional memories. c. Using beta-blockers to speed up the extinction of emotional memories. d. Administering a beta-blocker within 24 hours of a traumatic event to prevent the formation of emotional memories.

D

Your little sister watches you clean up the dishes after supper. The next day, you observe your sister attempts to wash her breakfast dishes. You may have acted as a... a. positive reinforcer b. negative reinforcer c. noncontinent reinforcer d. model

D

The first standard test to empirically measure intelligence was developed by ____________. a. terman b. wechsler c. gardner d. galton e. simon and binet

E

A fear-potentiated startle response is _________________________. a. when you are startled by seeing something scary or a loud noise b. an unconditioned response c. repeated exposure to a fear-inducing stimulus until you no longer startle at it d. the difference between your startle response in a neutral condition and your startle response when fearful

NOT A

After using the techniques of classical conditioning to train sweet amiable Little Albert to be fearful of his pet white rat, J. B. Watson demonstrated the phenomenon of stimulus discrimination when Little Albert... a. cried when he saw a white rabbit. b. was nervous near, but did not cry, when he saw cotton balls. c. no longer cried when he saw his pet white rat. d. cried when he saw his pet white rat.

NOT A

As a way to measure emotion, psychologists startle research participants while they are viewing IAPS images. While people are viewing high-arousal unpleasant images, their startle response is ______________ . a. similar to their startle response to neutral images. b. less than their startle response to pleasant, high-arousal images. c. similar to their startle response to pleasant images. d. greater than their startle response to neutral images.

NOT B

According to Yerkes-Dodson law, when it comes to optimal performance, a. Difficult tasks require lower arousal than routine tasks. b. Low arousal is better for performance than high arousal. c. Routine tasks require lower arousal than do difficult tasks. d. High arousal is better for performance than low arousal.

NOT C

As discussed in lecture, the stability of IQ over time is ________________ a. highly variable, with a majority of people changing more than 20 points over ten years. b. highly stable, with little change found in children over time even when their IQ scores is first measured prior to age three. c. highly variable, with change associated with specific environmental influences. c. highly stable, with a correlation of .73 over nearly 70 years.

NOT C

Which of the following illustrates learning through the principles of operant conditioning? a. Kris's friends have heard so much about Robert Pattinson that they have totally lost interest. b. After seeing the Twilight films, Kris has a huge crush on actor Robert Pattinson. c. A recent photo shows Pattinson wearing Foster Grant sunglasses. Now Kris wants to buy those same glasses. d. Kris is spending more and more time on the internet searching for photos and news items about Robert Pattinson. She finds new ones almost every day, hooray!

NOT C

An Industrial/Organizational (I/O) psychologist is hired by the local company, Target, to improve productivity. Which of the following questions is the I/O psychologist least likely to address? a. What health insurance and benefits should be offered to employees? b. What leads to job satisfaction at Target? c. How should Target train, mentor, or develop people effectively? d. What causes stress and burnout for employees?

NOT C NOT D

According to Yerkes-Dodson law, when it comes to optimal performance, a. High arousal is better for performance than low arousal. b. Difficult tasks require lower arousal than routine tasks. c. Low arousal is better for performance than high arousal. d. Routine tasks require lower arousal than do difficult tasks.

NOT D

Which of the following situations best illustrates validity? a. Jessica's ACT score is below average for college students but she is a straight A student. b. People who get above average scores on the WAIS also tend to get above average grades at University. c. David gets 500 on the SAT verbal scale each of the three times he takes it. d. Psy 1001 exams adequately represent the material covered in lectures and the text.

NOT D

Which of the following is reflective of Seligman's research on conditioned taste aversion? a. Contrary to most classically conditioned reactions, only one pairing of the CS with the UCS is needed to produce a taste aversion. b . Once a taste aversion has been conditioned it is relatively easily to extinguish. c. If a taste aversion to mayonnaise has emerged, it is likely that an aversion to other creamy sauces will emerge. d. Repeated pairings of the CS with the UCS are needed to produce a taste aversion.

A

Which of the following would you choose if you wanted to measure IQ in a child? a. WISC b. WAIS c. Rorschach d. MMPI

A

While on a cruise ship, Kevin became sick after eating a seafood dinner. His food poisoning coupled with sea sickness led to a terrible vacation. Now Kevin feels sick at the sight of the ocean. Kevin's behavior illustrates the process of a. stimulus generaliation b. extinction c. stimulus discrimination d. scapegoating

A

the term fight-or-flight response was first described by American psychologist, __________. a. walter cannon b. francis sumner c. william james d. mary carver

A

"How does one define intelligence?" is a question that would be of particular interest to ____________________. a. behavioral psychologists b. differential psychologists c. development psychologists d. cognitive psychologists

B

A person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point. The person is engaging in __________ thinking. a. convergent b. divergent c. circular d. functional

B

A rat has learned that when a light turns on, the floor will be electrified. The rat learns to walk to the other side of the cage before the floor is electrified. The behavior of walking to the other side of the cage is an example of which kind of learning? a. habituation and desensitization b. operant conditioning c. classical conditioning d. social learning theory and vicarious reinforcement

B

According to Hans Selye, resistance to stress is lowest at the _____________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome. a. collapse b. resistance c. exhaustion d. alarm

B

Alfred Binet and Sir Francis Galton would have likely disagreed about.... a. the extent to which intelligence tests were objective measures. b. the extent to which our senses influence intelligence. c. the extent to which intelligence tests were reliable. d. the extent to which tests can measure intelligence.

B

An individual differences psychologist would be interested in which of the following questions? a. What is the effect of group size on helping behaviors? b. How can intelligence affect life outcomes? c. How do stereotypes affect our behavior? d. What is the role of the situation on conformity?

B

As discussed in lecture, DCS (D-cycloserine) is a drug that has been shown to ___________________. a. increase behavior that obtains a reward. b. increase the rate of extinction of a phobia. c. prevent the formation of painful memories. d. decrease the affect of painful memories

B

As discussed in lecture, DCS (di-cycloserine) is a drug which is used to treat phobias because it: a. can also be used treat depression. b. speeds up extinction of a phobic response c. is a special type of beta-blocker. d. prevents the formation of emotional memories.

B

BF Skinner spent time during World War II in a secret lab in Minneapolis training pigeons to guide missiles to targets on the ground. To do this, he discovered a new way to train animals--reinforcing successive approximations of the target response. This concept is known as ___________. a. negative reinforcement b. shaping c. discriminative stimulus d. stimulus discrimination

B

Because Ken's history professor was a college student during the 1970s, he has extraordinary insight and knowledge of facts concerning the Vietnam War era. This knowledge is associated with the term _______________. a. general intelligence b. crystallized intelligence c. fluid intelligence d. multiple intelligence

B

Children receiving chemotherapy for cancer may develop a conditioned food aversion to foods they have eaten just preceding chemotherapy. The most effective way of treating this unintended side effect of chemotherapy is _______________________. a. Reinforce eating behaviors by serving a meal with many sweet foods after chemotherapy. b. Have the patient eat unfamiliar or exotic food prior to chemotherapy. c. Repeatedly serve the food that produces the nausea without following it with chemotherapy. d. Have the patient fast for five hours before chemotherapy.

B

Employers might choose to use intelligence tests to select people for executive positions because IQ tests ________________. a. correlate with happiness b. correlate positively with leadership c. correlate negatively with creativity. d. are reliable

B

Howard Gardner's theory of Multiple Intelligences ______________________________. a. is a valid, reliable model that expands the construct of intelligence. b. is theoretical. Formal tests to measure it have not been developed. c. predicts that people who score high on one mental ability test will score high on other mental ability tests. d. proposes a hierarchy of mental abilities with a general factor, "g" at the top, shared by all.

B

In Pavlov's "salivating dogs" studies, the UCS was... a. joy b. food c. salvation d. noise

B

In Pavlovs experiments, the dogs had learned to salivate at the sound of the metronome. If Pavlov then began to present the metronome without the food, this would most likely have led to _______________. a. the dogs becoming angry with Pavlov for tricking them. b. a decrease in salivation when the sound was presented. c. no change in salivation when the sound was presented. d. an increase in salivation when the sound was presented.

B

Nathan reflexively puts a pencil in his mouth while he's reading his Psych 1001 textbook, which causes his lips and face to form a frowning expression. Based on the facial feedback hypothesis, this may have what effect on his feelings about the Intro Psych material? a. It will have no effect because he is not aware that he is making the facial expression. b. It will make him feel more negatively about the material. c. It will make him feel more positively about the material. d. It will have no effect, because there is no sympathetic nervous system arousal.

B

Of the following, IQ scores are most highly correlated with ______________________________ . a. wisdom b/ obtaining a college degree c. being a happy person d. novel and successful solutions to artistic challenges

B

On occasion, Priscilla, the cute dog, arrives at her water dish only to discover that her owner has forgotten to fill it. When this happens, Priscilla has learned to bark and clatter her metal water dish noisily against the floor with her paw. The commotion brings her owner, the owner fills the water dish, and Priscilla is able to drink. Priscilla's owner has learned that filling Priscilla's water dish will remove her irritating barking in the process of ______________. a. positive punishment b. negative reinforcement c. negatiev punishment d. positive reinforcement

B

Research indicates that, across cultures, people usually identify six basic emotions when looking at facial cues in photographs. Which of the following is NOT one of those six emotions a. happiness b. contentment c. fear d. anger

B

Researcher Eric Kandel discovered that when he tapped a certain body spot Aplysia, a sea slug, one time, the slug would retract its gills in a defensive maneuver. However, when Kandel touched the same spot repeatedly, the slug would eventually ignore the stimulus. This change in response demonstrates _____. a. sensitization b. habituation c. extinction d. acquisition

B

Researcher Eric Kandel discovered that when he tapped a certain body spot Aplysia, a sea slug, one time, the slug would retract its gills in a defensive maneuver. However, when Kandel touched the same spot repeatedly, the slug would eventually ignore the stimulus. This change in response demonstrates _____. a. sensitization b. habituation c. extinction d. acquisition

B

Scottish researcher, Ian Deary, tracked down men and women, now 80 years old, who had taken an IQ test at the age of 11. When he re-administered the same IQ test, he found _____________________. a. No correlation with the real-world outcomes in the lives of these Scottish octogenarians. b. IQ scores were remarkably stable over time, a correlation of .73. c. Little stability over the nearly 70 years that had passed between the two administrations of the test. d. Strong environmental effects diminished the effects of intelligence over time.

B

The Nature-Nurture debate poses which of the following questions? a. Are our behaviors freely selected or determined by other factors that are out of our control? b. Are our behaviors attributable to our genes or to our rearing environments?

B

The ability to produce solutions to problems that are novel and successful is called __________. a. insight b. creativity c. circular thinking d. coverggent thinking

B

The defensive motive system in the brain is activated by IAPS pictures that are: a. low on the arousal dimension, low on the valence dimension (that is, unpleasant). b. high on the arousal dimension, low on the valence dimension (that is, unpleasant). c. high on the arousal dimension, high on the valence dimension (that is, pleasant). d. low on the arousal dimension, high on the valence dimension (that is, pleasant).

B

The individual who first observed that emotional responses appear to be instinctive and universal rather than learned and culture-specific (suggesting that emotion has an adaptive value) was... a. sigmund freud b. charles darwin c. carl jung d. francis galton

B

What did EL Thorndike mean by the Law of Effect? a. Learning occurs as a result of insight and understanding. b. If behavior brings a reward, it becomes stamped into the mind and is likely to be repeated. c. Two events that occur at nearly the same time become associated. d. The easiest way to train an animal to do a difficult trick is to start with easier tricks.

B

What does it mean to say that intelligence is a theoretical construct? a. Intelligence is not a thing that can be observed; it is inferred from observable differences in behavior. b. People who are intelligent are better able to understand and use abstract ideas. c, Intelligence is not especially practical except at predicting success or failure in school. d. Researchers cannot agree on a definition of intelligence.

B

Which of the following emotions would be most difficult to read from facial expression alone? a. fear b. envy c. anger d. surprise

B

Which of the following situations best illustrates validity? a. when comparing intelligence across species, but not within humans b. both within humans and across species c. Researchers have not found a correlation between brain size and intelligence d. when comparing intelligence within humans, but not across different species

B

Which of the following statements about intelligence and the brain is true? a. Bigger brains cause higher intelligence. b. Human brain size correlates between 0.3 and 0.4 with intelligence. c. Brain size is completely uncorrelated with intelligence. d. Brain size is uncorrelated with intelligence across species, but it is correlated with intelligence within species.

B

Which of the following statements about reciprocity is true? a. Significantly different reciprocities are evident across cultures. b. Maintaining equity in a relationship is crucial for a relationship to move to deeper levels. c. Reciprocity is not a learned practice. d. Absolute reciprocity is necessary for deeper relationships.

B

ou scan the night sky looking for meteors. Sometimes there is a brief time period between meteors, but sometimes you have to wait for a long time after seeing a meteor until another one appears. This is an example of which type of schedule of reinforcement? a. fixed-interval b. variable-interval c. fixed-ratio d. variable-ratio

B

As described in lecture, the medial forebrain and the nucleus accumbens are associated with which of the following primary motive systems? a. hunger b. super-ego c. appetitive d. defensive

not A

Emotional conditioning refers to: a. operant conditioning which results in punishment. b. When an organism learns that a neutral stimulus signals an Emotion (such as fear or love) as UCS. c. when some emotion serves as a discriminative stimulus d. classical conditioning which results in an emotion as CR.

not B

Which of the following statements about intelligence and the brain is true? a. Human brain size correlates between 0.3 and 0.4 with intelligence. b. Brain size is uncorrelated with intelligence across species, but it is correlated with intelligence within species. c. Bigger brains cause higher intelligence. d. Brain size is completely uncorrelated with intelligence.

not B

A 10-year-old child scores 140 on an IQ test with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. Based on the normal distribution, you can draw the following conclusion about this child : a. This child is as bright as an average 8-year old. b. This child scores in the gifted and talented range. c. the child has scored 40% higher than an average 10-year old d. Ten percent of 10-year olds score higher than this child.

not C

Classical conditioning responses are _________ and in operant conditioning responses are ___________, a. elicited, emitted b. elicited, elicited c. emitted, emitted d. emitted, elicited

not D

As discussed in lecture, the blink response of individuals diagnosed as psychopaths has been measured on IAPS images rated as pleasant, neutral or unpleasant. The researchers found that, compared to normal subjects, psychopaths.... a. have an elevated startle response to images of mutilation but are otherwise comparable to normal subjects b. have the same startle response to unpleasant images as they have to pleasant images c. show an elevated startle response to pleasant images d. show an elevated startle response to all unpleasant images

b