Psych Exam 4

Ideally, a person seeking addiction treatment needs to be in treatment at least _________ to achieve a positive outcome.

3 months

Researchers have found that approximately _____ percent of those with dissociative identity disorder were physically and/or sexually abused in childhood, leading to the conclusion that trauma can be a cause of this disorder.

95

The ABC's of cognitive-behavioral therapy, stand for:

Action, Belief, Consequence

What did the researchers, who identified the Hawthorne effect, see as evidence that employee performance was influenced by something other than the physical work conditions?

Any change in a variable, such as lighting levels, led to an improvement in productivity; this was true even when the change was negative, such as a return to poor lighting.

__________ therapy utilizes principles of learning to change undesirable behaviors.

Behavior

Which of the following is a set of symptoms or behaviors that you might see in a person diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder?

Being hostile, aggressive, violent or threatening to others.

________ is stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a person's involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity helps him gain a level of voluntary control over these processes.

Biofeedback

Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis

Borderline personality disorder

Which of the following individuals is demonstrating an optimistic outlook on life? Cary, who gets angry when his favorite baseball team is losing a game. Carlotta, who has had enough of her job and doesn't feel it will ever make her happy. Carla, who is in a relationship that is just "for now" while waiting for the love of her life. Carl, who tends to see the good in situations and always looks on the bright side of things.

Carl, who tends to see the good in situations and always looks on the bright side of things.

Which of the following is an example of a stimulus-based definition of stress? Caroline experiences stress because she is home alone and hears unusual noises outside. Carrie experiences stress because she notices her car is almost out of gas and worries about being stranded on the highway, but then she feels better when she sees a gas station nearby. Grace experiences stress when she notices her heartbeat increasing in response to being separated from her parents at the amusement park. Laura experiences stress because she gasped and had difficulty breathing when she saw a spider.

Caroline experiences stress because she is home alone and hears unusual noises outside.

________ is the kind of stress that exceeds the optimal level, is no longer a positive force, and becomes excessive and debilitating.

Distress

________ is having an experience that is so engaging and engrossing that it becomes worth doing for its own sake. During this state a person might say that they feel that they "lose themselves" in the activity.

Flow

What does research suggest about gender diversity and team productivity?

Gender-balanced teams performed better, as measured by sales and profits, than predominantly male teams.

In a study of several thousand women, it was found that rates of bulimia nervosa was more prevalent among _________ women when compared to non-Hispanic whites.

Hispanic and African American

Which pair of psychiatrists were responsible for developing the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?

Holmes and Rahe

Which principle underlies cognitive therapy?

How you think determines how you feel.

Which of the following is an example of a primary appraisal of a stressor? Ava decides to quit her job because her employer is so unpleasant. Humphrey judges the man with the gun to be a moderate threat. Mekhi weighs his options on dealing with the bully who is harassing him. Sophia decides to get a divorce because her husband is cheating on her.

Humphrey judges the man with the gun to be a moderate threat.

Which of the following is the best example of a compulsion? Will cannot stop thinking about the exam that he has in chemistry tomorrow. Luke is wearing a bandage for longer than needed to make sure his cut is fully healed. Jean wears both sunglasses and a hat to keep the sun out of her eyes. Jordy locks his door exactly nine times every time he leaves the house to make sure it is locked.

Jordy locks his door exactly nine times every time he leaves the house to make sure it is locked.

What do studies show about the relationship between stress and memory?

Moderate stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material.

Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model? Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died. Ozzie treats his depression by exposing himself to a series of stressors so he can learn coping skills. Ozzie treats his manic episodes by using medication to induce depression. Ozzie's doctor does not believe that mental illness has a biological basis

Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.

Which of the following is an inaccurate statement about dissociative disorders? People with these disorders become disconnected from their sense of self. People with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture. People with these disorders experience memory and identity disturbances. These disorders have a psychological rather than a physical cause.

People with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture.

Which of the following is an example of hopelessness theory? Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about it—this leads her to become depressed. Rochelle is depressed, so she thinks terrible things will happen. Rochelle is in an earthquake and many of her friends die, so she becomes depressed. Rochelle stops taking her medication because she does not think medication will help her depression.

Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about it—this leads her to become depressed.

Mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations, such as avoiding eye contact or rehearsing sentences before speaking are called ________.

Safety behaviours

Which of the following is not an example of Legislation Prohibiting Employment Discrimination? Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972

According to three separate surveys, administered in 1983, 2006, and 2009, which statement about the relationship between stress and sex is the most accurate?

Women report experiencing more stress than men

Which aspect of the definition of happiness gives the impression that it is a long-term state rather than a brief mood that we experience from time to time?

a feeling that ones' life has meaning and value

Marlena tells her therapist that she often feels helpless and unable to accomplish her goals. Her therapist responds by acknowledging her feelings, restating what she has told him, and clarifying the feelings behind what Marlena is expressing. What aspect of client-centered therapy is this?

active listening

Alma has a serious disease in which the airways of her respiratory system become obstructed, leading to great difficulty expelling air from the lungs. Which disease does Alma have?

asthma

Kaz wants to stop biting his nails, so he rubs a strong bitter paste under his nails to make his nails taste bad. What technique is Kaz using to stop biting his nails?

aversive conditioning

Which of the following is not a risk factor for suicide? alcohol dependence history of previous suicide attempts being a fan of violent media (music, television shows, movies, etc.) have access to lethal weapons, such as firearms

being a fan of violent media (music, television shows, movies, etc.)

According to the textbook, which of these events would have the highest likelihood of causing posttraumatic stress disorder? a fire to one's home that left no remains being assaulted and robbed of your cash and credit cards surviving a hurricane that destroyed a city reading about the death of dozens of people in a terrible airplane crash

being assaulted and robbed of your cash and credit cards

The approach to psychology suggesting that psychological disorders may be best explained by looking at genetic factors, chemical imbalances, and brain abnormalities is the ________ perspective.

biological

In which disorder do people alternate between states of lethargic hopelessness and wild overexcitement?

bipolar disorder

Hans Selye's definition of stress is considered a response-based definition because it conceptualizes stress chiefly in terms of the ________.

body's physiological reaction to any demand that is placed on it

Addiction is often viewed as a(n) ________ disease that can rewire the sufferer's brain.

chronic

Lamont cares for his aging father, who suffers from dementia. This is an example of a(n) ________ stressor.

chronic

In order to overcome an eating disorder, Sevilla's therapist works to change her distorted ways of thinking and self-defeating actions by helping her learn to identify such behaviors. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

cognitive behavioral therapy

A psychological disorder is a _______

condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces?

coping

A controversial disorder in which a person displays two or more distinct personalities is known as:

dissociative identity disorder

Which pair of neurotransmitters has received the most attention as a potential explanation for the symptoms of schizophrenia?

dopamine and serotonin

The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is responsible for ________.

enforcing federal laws that make it illegal to discriminate in the hiring of employees

Cole spends a few weeks being treated for major depressive disorder. He eventually stops exhibiting symptoms, but a few months later they reoccur. Once again the symptoms dissipate, but a few months later they reoccur. Cole's major depressive disorder is ________?

episodic

What is the favored term for human factors psychology in Europe?

ergonomics

________ is/are the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance.

eustress

Dr. Xavier encourages his client to relax and say whatever comes to mind at the moment. Dr. Xavier is using ________ to treat his client.

free association

Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing dissociative ________.

fugue

Rosetta is a master electrician. Often, she is the only woman at the construction site. Her male coworkers frequently make sexual comments about her appearance and tape explicit pictures of women up at the worksite. She complains to the site manager, but he tells her to toughen up. What form of sexual harassment does this represent?

hostile environment

Industrial-organizational psychology is a branch of psychology that studies ________.

how human behavior and psychology affect work and how they are affected by work

Stavros is arrested for drunk driving. His prison sentence includes attending therapy sessions to treat alcohol addiction. He doesn't want to attend these sessions, but his sentence will be extended if he doesn't attend them. What kind of treatment does this describe?

involuntary

Which option is the greatest risk factor for the development of burnout?

job strain

Angela transfers to a new high school for gifted children and has trouble making friends. She expected this and plans to change it by joining more after school clubs and sitting next to different people at lunch. She believes she has effective options for dealing with the stressor of having no friends; therefore, she experiences ________.

less stress than someone who has no effective options

White blood cells that circulate in the bloodstream and are an important part of the body's immune system are called ________.

lymphocytes

Those symptoms that involve noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives in those afflicted with schizophrenia are called ________ symptoms.

negative

Billy breaks curfew, so his mom takes away his video game system for the week. Afterwards, Billy doesn't break curfew as often. Billy's mom has used __________.

negative punishment

People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts.

obsessive-compulsive

Jeff is an unforgiving perfectionist who would rather deliver work a week late than turn in a project with even minor mistakes. In fact, he spends so much time working that he never has time for anything else. Jeff is known to be rigid, inflexible, and stubborn, and he never compromises. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jeff's personality?

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Developing stomach ulcers during a prolonged period of stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

physiological

Dr. Kaplan is working with a Japanese-American client, and regards the client's silence as an indication that he is not happy to be in therapy. He fails to consider that his client has learned that authority figures should be shown deference and that his silence is a sign of respect. Dr. Kaplan is demonstrating ________.

poor cultural competence

Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring Cordelia's left arm. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing ________ disorder.

posttraumatic stress

At the most basic level, schizophrenia is best conceptualized as a(n) ________ disorder.

psychotic

What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common?

repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts

Alexis experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder, but only during the fall and winter months when she gets less direct exposure to sunlight What kind of depression does Alexis have?

seasonal pattern

Autism spectrum disorder is marked by all but which of the following categories of symptoms? deficits in communication deficits in social interactions repetitive patterns of behavior or interests severe depressive symptoms

severe depressive symptoms

Advice, guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance are all different forms of ________.

social support

The ________ perspective of psychological disorders attributed symptoms of such ailments to forces that were beyond scientific understanding, such as black magic or evil spirits.

supernatural

On the advice of her therapist, Thora decides to treat her fear of heights by exposing herself to heights using a hierarchy of stimuli related to her phobia. Which form of therapy is she using?

systematic desensitization

Melora has a sick child at home. Her employer allows her to ________ for a week, so she can work from home, set her own hours, and complete most of her work while caring for her child.

telecommute

What is meant by the term etiology?

the cause of a disorder

What was the most stressful event found on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale with a LCU score of 100?

the death of a spouse

Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it ________.

the pressure of the blood in your arteries and other blood vessels is too high

Hershel is a strict, goal-oriented manager. When his team achieves their daily productivity goals he rewards them with long lunches and bonus pay. When his team falls behind, he extends the work day by an hour and cuts lunch by fifteen minutes. What type of leader is Hershel?

transactional

The relaxation response technique is a stress reduction technique that combines elements of relaxation and ________.

transcendental meditation

How is behavior therapy different than psychoanalysis?

while psychoanalysis seeks to understand the patient's unconscious mind, behavior therapy is more focused on changing the patient's behavior to improve outcomes

An organizational psychologist studies such topics as ________.

worker satisfaction, motivation, and commitment

How long does traditional psychoanalysis typically take?

years