Psych Exam

How long can information be stored in short-term memory without being rehearsed?

10-12 SECONDS

When Aafreen was baking an apple pie, the odor of the pie triggered some memories of her childhood. She remembered playing with her brother in the living room while her mother baked apple pies. Her memory is an example of a(n)

CONTEXT DEPENDENT MEMORY

An association among variables is known as

Correlation

Alejandro is participating in a study of a drug that is supposed to increase reaction time and foot speed. If neither he nor the researcher knows if Alejandro got the real drug or the placebo, what kind of study is it?

Double Blind Study

Correlations allow us to determine causality. (T/F)

FALSE

Chandler was once awoken from her sleep by a white rat that fell on her. Following this incident, she began fearing all furry white objects including white fur coats and white stuffed animals. In this scenario, Chandler's fear of all furry white objects is due to

GENERALIZATION

Leonard was assaulted and he can no longer make new memories. Which part of his brain is damaged?

HIPPOCAMPUS

In every experiment, what the researcher is trying to determine has changed or not is called the

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

Damage to which part of the brain is instantly fatal because of its control over basic processes necessary for survival?

LIMBIC SYSTEM

Which of the following is the first step in the scientific method?

MAKE AN OBSERVATION

Lin came home after curfew last night, so her parents took away the car keys for a week. What kind of consequences are Lin's parents using?

NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT

What is sent by a neuron to relay its message to another neuron

NEUROTRANSMITTERS

Three-your-old Mikhael watched his father wash his car, so now he is washing his little scooter. This is an example of

OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING

A parent buys their child a toy in order to stop the temper tantrum they are throwing. Next time they go to the store, the child throws another tantrum and the parent buys them another toy so they stop throwing a fit. The parent's behavior of buying the child a toy has been

POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT

A person's set of expectations about how a high school teacher is supposed to act is an example of a(n

SCHEMA

As she was listening to her psychology professor discuss ways to improve memory, Ebony thought of different ways she could apply the suggestions to herself. Later that day she was trying to recall the different techniques, but she could only recall the first couple. This reflects

SERIAL POSITION EFFECT

Which of the following is a complete group of interest to researchers, from which a sample is drawn for an experiment?

TARGET POPULATION

Which of the following proposes reasons for relationships among events and allow us to derive explanations and predictions?

THEORIES

When children reared by adoptive parents are more similar to their natural parents in a particular trait, strong evidence exists for a genetic role in the development of that trait. (T/F)

TRUE

Amara learned to cook by watching her mother cook rather than by means of direct experience. In the context of observational learning, Amara's mother acted as what for her?

MODEL

Miguel is a person who reacts aggressively to the actions of other drivers. Which part of his brain is associated with aggressive responses?

AMYGDALA

Simone Biles is considered by many to be the greatest gymnast of all time. Which part of her brain is likely highly developed, helping her movements be smooth and balanced

CEREBELLUM

In the context of reinforcement schedules, commuter trains that arrive at platforms at specific times are on a

FIXED INTERVAL

A behavior therapy method in which fear-evoking stimuli are presented continuously in the absence of actual harm so that fear responses are extinguished is called

FLOODING

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system that is most active during when you are scared?

SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

A dog chews on its toy and with each bite, the toy squeaks. If the squeaking sound is the reinforcer, the dog's response in biting the toy is reinforced with which type of schedule?

VARIABLE RATIO

If someone memorizes a list of 10 words while under the influence of alcohol, they are more likely to recall those words when they are inebriated rather than sober. This is an example of

STATE DEPENDENT MEMORY

Since 15 percent of a university is composed of Asian-American students, a sample for a study was chosen in such a way that it, too, consisted of 15 percent Asian Americans. This kind of sample would be an example of a

STRATIFIED SAMPLE

What is the first stage of information processing?

ENCODING

A professor asks the class which test format they would prefer for their midterm. They can choose between a multiple-choice exam or short answer questions. Which one will the students most likely vote for and why?

MULTIPLE CHOICE BECAUSE IT WILL BE EASIER TO RECALL THE INFORMATION

Prior to conditioning, Kofi salivates in response to lasagna being placed in his mouth. Using classical conditioning terms, which is the correct labeling of stimuli and responses in this situation?

UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE

Ashton works as a server at a local restaurant and he knows that the more tables that he waits on, the better the likelihood of more tips. This schedule is a

VARIABLE RATIO

As Isak was filling out a credit card application, he couldn't remember his previous address even though he had lived there for 10 years. Isak's memory of his current address was interfering with his memory of his old address, which is an example of

RETROACTIVE INTERFERENCE

After a single presentation, Lalitha can recall her friend's long-distance telephone number and five-digit extension even though the sequence contains 15 digits. One reason for her ease of recall is that she split the digits into smaller groups of three each. This process is called

CHUNKING

Tyrese has tried lemons in the past. Whenever he has eaten them in the past, his mouth waters due to increased salivation. He is watching television one night and an advertisement shows a lemon being sliced open. If just thinking about that lemon makes his mouth begin to water, the increased salivation would be a

CONDITIONED RESPONSE

In the context of fear-reduction techniques, behavior therapists frequently prefer the client to be gradually exposed to fear-evoking stimuli under circumstances in which he or she remains relaxed. This is known as

COUNTER CONDITIONING

Pedro is confused and hearing voices. If he has schizophrenia, to which neurotransmitter is he most likely extra sensitive?

DOPAMINE

Which type of conditioning is defined as a simple form of learning in which an organism learns to engage in certain behavior because of the effects of that behavior?

OPERANT CONDITIONING

Julie's research work requires her to interview a sample of 200 people within two months. She needs to gather data about the sample group's attitude toward certain situations through a questionnaire, but she has limited time to gather the information. Which of the following methods should Julie use to gather the required information?

RANDOM SAMPLE

In a study by Elizabeth Loftus, subjects watched a film of an automobile accident then answered a series of questions, including one asking them to estimate the speed of the cars. What factor affected the subjects' estimate of how fast the cars in the film were traveling?

WHAT CONTEXT WORD WAS USED