Psych Final 14

According to research, which of the following groups experienced the greatest increase in stress levels between 2006 and 2009? a. college educated, employed men b. retired men c. unemployed women d. college educated, employed women

a.

According to the Holmes and Rahe scale, which life event requires the greatest amount of readjustment? a. death of a spouse b. marriage c. personal illness d. divorce

a.

Between 2006 and 2009, the greatest increases in stress levels were found to occur among ________. a. those aged 45-64 b. the unemployed c. those without college degrees d. blacks

a.

Emotion- focused coping would likely be a better method than problem-focused coping for dealing with which of the following stressors? a. terminal cancer b. divorce c. unemployment d. poor grades in school

a.

Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it ___________. a. forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart b. restricts a person's salt intake, which suppresses the immune system c. slows the heart rate, which leads to less efficient distribution of oxygen through the body d. places stress on the thyroid system, which inflames the arteries

a.

Taylor is a social worker. He is overworked, his caseload is overwhelming, and he no longer believes that what he does on a day-to-day basis has any real impact or improves anyone's life. Taylor is probably suffering from ________. a. job burnout b. the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome c. career fatigue d. posttraumatic stress disorder

a.

The relaxation response technique that combines elements of relaxation and ______________. a. meditation b. eustress c. biofeedback d. exercise

a.

The white blood cells that attack foreign invaders to the body are called ____________. a. lymphocytes b. immune cells c. telomeres d. antibodies

a.

What do studies show about the relationship between stress and memory? a. moderate stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material b. stress has no effect on remembering educational material c. recall of educational material is best under stress-free conditions d. intense stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material

a.

Which demographic category reported the least amount of stress during 1983, 2006, and 2009? a. retired people b. unemployed people c. black females d. white males

a.

Which level of stress leads to burn out, fatigue, and exhaustion? a. distress b. eustress c. alarm reaction stress d. secondary stress

a.

Which of the following is an example of secondary appraisal of a stressor? a. Ed believes he can end an argument with his wife by either apologizing or buying her a gift b. Victoria believes paragliding is a frightening activity c. Mahmoud experiences an intense and irrational fear of dogs d. Jensen decides the risk of being caught shoplifting is very low, and the risk of being caught during an armed robbery is very high

a.

A stressor is likely to be appraised as a threat when someone ________. a. believes it is a challenge b. anticipates that it could lead to harm c. experiences a decrease in cortisol d. believes that it could lead to personal gain

b.

Negative effects of stress are most likely to be experienced when an event is perceived to as _________. a. confusing b. threatening and no clear options for dealing with it are apparent c. negative, but it is likely to affect one's friends rather then oneself d. challenging

b.

Noticing that you have difficulty concentrating during and after periods of prolonged stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact. a. emotional b. cognitive c. physical d. social

b.

Paolo is a writer and when he sits down in front of his computer he can write for hours, forgetting to eat and ignoring his phone because he is intensely engaged in writing. While he is writing, Paolo is experiencing ________. a. optimism b. flow c. happiness d. biofeedback

b.

The concept of learned helplessness was formulated by Seligman based on the __________. a. inability of dogs to learn to help other dogs escape situations in which they are receiving uncontrollable electric shocks b. tendency of dogs to not even attempt to escape avoidable shocks after having received inescapable shocks c. failure of dogs to learn from prior mistakes d. ability of dogs to learn to help other dogs escape situations in which they are receiving uncontrollable shocks

b.

The research of Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe evaluated the connection between life stressors and __________________. a. criminal behavior b. physical illness c. job burnout d. mental disease

b.

Which of the following defines the concept of perceived control? a. attitudes regarding the desirability of control b. beliefs about the capacity to influence personal outcomes c. interpretations about the degree of potential harm or stress d. adaptations to environmental stressors

b.

Which of the following is a negative effect of extended cortisol release caused by chronic or prolonged stress? a. the thyroid is damaged b. the immune system is weakened c. the heart is subjected to abnormal pressure d. the lungs are placed under stress

b.

Which of the following is an example of a primary appraisal of a stressor? a. Ava decides to quit her job because her employer is so unpleasant b. Humphrey judges the man with the gun to be a moderate threat c. Sophia decides to get a divorce because her husband is cheating on her d. Mekhi weighs his options on dealing with the bully who is harassing him

b.

Which statement about tension headaches is true? a. tension headaches involve decreased blood flow to the brain b. tension headaches are triggered by stress and eyestrain c. tension headaches are characterized by an upset stomach d. tension headaches are less common than migraines

b.

Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces? a. biofeedback b. coping c. distress d. autopilot

b.

Which type of appraisal involves judgment about the degree of potential harm or threat to well-being that a stressor might entail? a. alpha b. primary c. beta d. secondary

b.

__________ is stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a person's involuntary activity facilitates a level of voluntary control over these processes. a. the Selye Method b. biofeedback c. meditation d. relaxation response

b.

A demanding or threatening event is often called a(n) ___________. a. distressor b. animator c. stressor d. eustressor

c.

Alma has a serious disease in which the airways of her respiratory system become obstructed, leading to great difficulty expelling air from the lungs. Which disease does Alma have? a. heart disease b. systematic lupus erythematosus c. asthma d. lung cancer

c.

Carson enjoys writing mystery novels, and has even managed to publish some of his work. When he's writing, Carson becomes extremely focused on his work; in fact, he becomes so absorbed that that he often loses track of time, often staying up well past 3 a.m. Carson's experience best illustrates the concept of ________. a. happiness set point b. adaptation c. flow d. positive affect

c.

Dr. Frobish possesses a ________ behavior pattern because she is an intensively driven workaholic, preoccupied with deadlines, and always seems to be in a rush. a. type 1 b. type d c. type a d. type b

c.

Optimism is a tendency toward a(n) ________. a. angry outlook and negative expectations b. neutral outlook and low expectations c. positive outlook and positive expectations d. negative outlook and negative expectations

c.

Owen, an adjunct professor in the Department of Fine Arts, applied for a full-time job recently, which he did not get. He tries to put this situation in a positive light, reminding himself that he will have more time to produce artwork if he is not working a full-time job. Which type of coping approach is Owen using? a. perceived control b. learned helplessness c. emotion focused d. problem focused

c.

Rush hour traffic, lost keys, obnoxious coworkers, and inclement weather are examples of __________. a. burnout triggers b. immunosuppressants c. daily hassles d. acute stressors

c.

What triggers the secondary appraisal of a stressor? a. an inability to react to the primary appraisal b. a feeling of anxiety c. how a threat is perceived d. increased heart rate

c.

Which of the following illustrates the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome? a. Donna begs her mother for a puppy after being told she can't have one b. Patrice can't stop talking even after her teacher asks her to remain silent c. Tyrique nearly falls from a tree but grabs a branch and focuses on getting down safely d. Fallon is unable to fall asleep during his scheduled naptime

c.

Which of the following is a major criticism of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale? a. it contains too few items for analysis b. it does not contain any positive items c. it does not consider a person's appraisal of an event d. it is complex and difficult to administer

c.

Which of the following is a reason that depression is associated with heart disease? a. both depression and heart disease are caused by stress b. heart disease is a side effect of prescription drugs that are used to treat depression c. depression may increase likelihood of living an unhealthy lifestyle, which increases the risk of heart disease d. heart disease is associated with higher divorce rates, which increases the risk of depression

c.

Which of the following statements about the relationship between stress and performance is true? a. as stress levels decrease from moderate to low, performance increases b. as stress levels decrease from moderate to low, performance also decreases c. as stress levels increase from low to moderate, performance also increases d. as stress levels increase from low to moderate, performance decreases

c.

Which of the following uses electronic equipment to help individuals develop stress-reducing strategies? a. immunosuppression b. problem-focused coping c. biofeedback d. relaxation responses

c.

__________ is the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance. a. anti-stress b. pro-stress c. eustress d. distress

c.

Bret, who recently lost his job, is handling the stress by searching for a new position every day, updating his resume, and eliminating nonessentials from his budget to reduce his monthly expenses. Which type of coping approach is Bret using? a. stress reduction b. emotion focused c. avoidant d. problem focused

d.

Guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance are all examples of ________. a. perceived control b. optimism c. emotion-focused coping d. social support

d.

How does positive affect differ from optimism? a. positive affect is mor5e scientific than optimism b. optimism involves feeling states, whereas positive affect involves expectations c. optimism is more scientific than positive affect d. positive affect involves feeling states, whereas optimism involves expectations

d.

Jade hears a rattle. When she turns around she sees a rattlesnake inches from her leg. Her pupils dilate, her heart pounds, and she begins to sweat. This response is called the ________ response. a. immunosuppression b. hypertension c. primary appraisal d. fight-or-flight

d.

Researchers have identifies a number of factors that are related to happiness. Which of the following is not one of them? a. age b. annual income of $75,000 c. marriage d. physical attractiveness

d.

What is one reason that more affluent individuals may experience better health? a. they are smarter than less affluent individuals b. they have more healthy genes c. they tend to believe their reaction to life's stressors is out of their hands, so they worry less about their health d. they tend to believe they can personally control and manage their reaction to lifer's stressors

d.

Which of the following contributes to tension headaches? a. heart disease b. asthma c. overeating d. sleep deprivation

d.

Which of the following is an example of eustress? a. recovering from a car accident b. getting a divorce c. losing a job d. training for a marathon

d.

Which term refers to the tendency to experience distressed emotional states involving anger, guilt, and fear? a. hypertension b. immunosuppression c. Type A personality d. negative affectivity

d.

___________ is a state of intense engagement in an activity; it is usually experienced while participating in creative work and leisure endeavors. a. oneness b. happiness c. momentum d. flow

d.