Psych Final

T/F: 1. Maternal stress is not an example of a teratogen 2. REM sleep makes up roughly half of an infant's sleep cycle 3. According to Piaget, children in the Concrete Operational stage can use logic but still struggle with abstract thought 4. Research indicates that boys have a more negative consequences when growing up in a single parent household, compared to girls. 5. The General Social Survey indicates that married couples tend to have sex at least once a week, averaging 58 times per year. 6. Maternal age has nothing to do with birth defects in babies 7. Two year olds weigh, on average about 45 pounds 8. Most children with ADHD are better able to control problem behaviors when given individual attention 9. Parents of children with ADHD can help their kids by encouraging kids to write down homework assignments and use notebook organizers 10. Neglected children tend to show less negative outcomes than rejected children, according to peer status research. 11. Women are more likely than men to experience a mid-life crisis 12. The older you are, the more likely it is that you will have a neurocognitive disorder 13. Malnutrition can be a teratogen 14. Amniocentesis utilizes soundwaves to create images 14. The Moro reflex typically disappears after 5 months 15. Research indicates that boys have more difficulty adjusting to remarriage, compared to girls

1. False 2. True 3. True 4. True 5. True 6. False 7. False 8. True 9. True 10. True 11. False 12. True 13. True 14. False 15. True

Multiple Choice: 1. Where did Freud get the name "Oedipus" for the Oedipus complex? 2. Which of the following most accurately summarizes Freud's view of the Oedipus complex? 3. Which of the following accurately describes Piaget's view on children's readiness? 4. Who is more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD: boys or girls? 5. What is the recommendation for diagnosing ADHD? 6. Which of Sternberg's types of love includes only passion and intimacy? 7. Which is the best summary of the role of the gene APOE e4 in Alzheimer's Disease? 8. 70 year old Elizabeth has trouble remembering how to use her DVR and relies on her daughter to occasionally help her. Is this most likely a sign of Alzheimer's or age-related change? 9. Which of the following is the best summary of selective optimization with compensation theory? 10. Which research design would best address the following question: Are age and wisdom related to one another? 11. This researcher underestimated how early children attain object permanence. 12. This researcher viewed "nurture" over "nature" as the primary contributor to child cognitive development. 13. Categorize the following symptoms as either a symptom of Inattention or Hyperactivity-Impulsivity: Talks nonstop. 14. __________ children receive high numbers of negative votes in research studies on peer statuses. 15. Which two gonadotropins did you learn about in the module? 16. Choose one of the following answers: Individuals with Anorexia Nervosa OR Individuals with Bulimia Nervosa: Who is more likely to feel "out of control" regarding eating behaviors?

1. Greek Mythology 2. Boys experience competition with their fathers and eventually identify with them, while repressing sexual feelings towards their mothers 3. Children should not be taught certain concepts until they are developmentally ready to receive that information 4. boys 5. Families should seek a psychologist, psychiatrist, or pediatrician with expertise in ADHD 6. Romantic love 7. Certain alleles of this gene may increase risk for Alzheimer's 8. Age-related change 9. Older adults should remain active, but be wise in choosing safe activities that they can engage in long-term 10. Correlational Study 11. Piaget 12. Vygotsky 13. Hyperactivity-Impulsivity 14. Rejected 15. FSH, LH 16. Bulimia Nervosa

Short Answer: 1. What is a longitudinal study? 2. What would Vygotsky say about a child's likelihood of success when learning and studying alone? 3. Approximately how long does it take families to adjust, following a divorce? 4. Describe the following social category of children: Rejected children. Also, what is one possible consequence of being a socially rejected child? 5. What biological event marks the beginning of adolescence? 6. Meghan is a 12 year old girl who felt that she was too fat. She put herself on a strict all-lettuce diet and started running after school everyday. Once the weight started coming off, she was still dissatisfied and decided to up her exercise routine and cut out lunch. What eating disorder might she have? 7. Name two of Sternberg's types of love that are likely to be more common early in a relationship. 8. Choose one of Sternberg's types of love and describe a couple that exemplifies this type of love. Be sure to name type of love that you are depicting and be specific in explaining how the couple displays the various components 9. Compare and contrast disengagement theory and activity theory. 10. Which theorist or theory describing development do you agree with the most? Summarize this theory and describe why you agree with it

1. Individuals are studied across time 2. low success 3. 2 years 4. Children are actively disliked by others, more likely to be bullied, some have qualities that make it more likely that theyll be picked on. consequence can be drug abuse, aggression and deliquency 5. Puberty 6. Anorexia nervosa 7. Infatuation and romantic 8. liking (only has intimacy), infatuation (only has passion), empty love (only commitment), romantic (passion and intimacy), fatuous (passion and commitment), companionate (intimacy and commitment), consummate love (all 3) 9. Both theories address what will give older adults satisfaction; disengagement recommends withdrawal from all activities while activity recommends being as active as possible 10. There is not one developmental theorist or theory I particularly agree with, but the one I find the most interesting is Freud's theory. Freud believed in psychosexual stages from infancy to adulthood. He stated that unsuccessful completion of a certain stage would result in a person becoming fixated on an erogenous part of the body, which in turn leads to the individual expressing specific personality traits.His theory makes sense to me. For instance, in the oral stage, the infant is fixated on their mouth, and as an adult they may become smokers because they continually seek pleasure to the mouth.

Long Answer: 1. Describe what you learned about infant-parent attachment in the module. The approximate length of the description should be a short paragraph, and it should include sufficient detail on what you learned. Then, describe how your current knowledge on this topic compares to what you knew before taking this module. Finally, describe your views on the following issues: a) how applicable is attachment theory to everyday life and working with infants, and b) what misconceptions about attachment do you think people have, and what is a correct understanding of how to apply this attachment theory?

1. Infant - parent attachment is the close bonding relationship formed between a child and the mother or mother figure who cares for them.children can form attachment as a result of their temperament which explains that nature and nurture combined results in the kind of attachment that children end up forming with their care givers. The kind of bond formed by children in their early lives also show the kind of intimate bonds they would form as adults. There are different types of Infant parent attachement according to Anisworth, Securely attached children, The avoidant children and the non-secured attached children. -Secured children where children who had bonded properly with their parents because they received the right responsive behaviour to their needs from their sensitive parents. They feel loved and they are easily soothed by their parents. They do not relate so well around strangers but would explore their environment properly when they are around their care giver. -Avoidant attached children avoid thier parents and care giver by not keeping a eye contact, they are soothed both by the stranger and caregiver in same way. They do not really unite properly with their care giver but do so in an avoidant manner. This is practically because their needs have not been responded too in a timely manner and they have adapted to it. -Non-Secured childeren do not fuss at all when their care giver leaves them in an unfamilair situation or environment. These are usually kids that have not been responded to at all by their care givers. They are usually neglected. They are not bothered about reuniting or forming a close bond with their care givers. -I am more knowledgable about how children grow attachment to thier parents now especially in terms of the childs temprament. prior to this module I felt that parents had the total control and responsibility of how they are bonded with their kids but now I know better in terms of the childs temprament. An independent child would not be so needed and would not require so much responsiveness from the mother. Also for children who are highly sensitive. And so we cannot blame parents all the time that they are mostly insensitive to their childrens needs. 1A. Attachement theory is applicable to everyday life and working with infants because in my opinion, it eases the guilt that parents feel, especially working parents when they need to leave their children alone for a while, knowing that you cannot always be with your children all the time for them to be securely bonded with you or not. Knowing a childs temperament help you understand when a child is truly needy or just being fussy this goes a long way to ease the nerves of their care givers also. 1B. Misconception people have is that parents, that is nuturing is the only way that children get properly bonded with thier parents but this is not so. As earlier mentioned, nature and nurture play different roles when it comes to infant parent attachment. Also, parents can not stay with thier children all day long with this information there would be less guilt in how parents interact with their children especially parents who are willing to respond properly and timely to their children's needs.

Fill in the Blank: 1. According to Piaget, ____ are mental activities 2. Freud believed that unsuccessful completion of a psychosexual stage would result in a person becoming ____________ on an erogenous part of the body. 3. Freud would say that a person obsessed with cleanliness may have unsuccessfully completed the __________ psychosexual stage. 4. The _____________ reflex can be observed when adult places her finger in an infant's palm, and the infant immediately closes his fingers around the adult finger. 5. For each of the age groups listed below, list the psychosexual stage described by Freud. Ages 3-6: ___________ 6. The phallic stage of psychosexual development ends at age ___________.

1. operations 2. fixated 3. anal 4. grasping 5. phallic 6. six

Short Ans. Cont.: 11. What is the current age of viability? 12. What does the Piagetian term, "Preoperations" mean? Why did Piaget use that term? 13. Describe the following two social categories of children: Prosocial popular children and Antisocial popular children. 14. Compare and contrast Activity Theory and Selective Optimization with Compensation Theory 15. What are two critiques, discussed in the module, regarding Freud's psychosexual stages? 16. Why do modern researchers often find that young children are able to overcome some aspects of egocentrism at younger ages than Piaget had thought? 17. The module discussed common consequences of divorce on children. Describe two of these. 18. Describe a family exemplifying the "Sandwich generation." 19. Describe Elizabeth Kubler-Ross's five stages of dying.

11. 22-26 weeks 12. Preoperations means children have not met thier full potential for performing activities. Piaget used that term because children are "pre" being able to do certain operations. Literally, before mental activities. Children have trouble with mentally representing objects until the end of this stage. 13. prosocial - good communication skills, very social. antisocial - good communication and social skills, but also aggressive and antagonistic 14. both have to do with what will give satisfaction in later life, both focus on activities and social life. difference is increasing activities vs being more selective and careful and adapting 15. the lack of a lifespan approach and a methodology that only relies on a clinical sample. 16. Mordern researchers often found that young children overcome some aspects of egocentrism at younger ages than Piaget had thought because of the understanding the children had when it comes to the methods the researchers used to determine egocentrisim in the children which was simpler. For piagets Three Moutain task it was peharps more difficult for the children and they did not understand the method properly. 17. some common consequencies of divorce on children would be: Age; For younger children, they might not undretsnd tha basis for the divorce and might end up blaming themselves for it causing them to become fussy, whine and cry unnecessarily. But for older children they exhibit external behaviors like rebellion and having problems at school or either the law or internalize their pain and becoming depressed or having a low self esteem Gender; girls are usually less affected than boys if the grow up in a single mothers home after divorce and the boys are prone to become delinquent but, for girls, when the mother remarries, they tend to become rebellious at that point. Hence divorce playes out differently in children depending on if they are girls or boys and also depending on their age. 18. A family examplifying the "sandwich generation'' is one in which the launching adult has the reponsibility of taking care of both his immidiate family and caring for his aged parents. In this situation the adult is most likely to be stressed doing both responsibility at the same time including the fact that there would be a constraint on the income of the household. 19. Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.

Multiple Choice Cont.: 17. Which of Sternberg's types of love includes all three love components? 18. Which of the following age-related brain changes are thought to harm cells and possibly contribute to Alzheimer's disease? 19. Jan is a widow. After her husband died, she stopped spending time with friends. Over a decade later, Junie is in her 80's. She's now not as involved in her church, and feels that she's too old to do much. Which of the following socioemotional theories of aging best fits her viewpoint: Disengagement, Activity, or Selective Optimization with Compensation. 20. For the following descriptions, identify the most likely type of neurocognitive disorder most likely indicated by these symptoms and situations. Vera began drinking heavily in her early 20s. She continued this pattern throughout her life and is now in her 70s. She has been hospitalized with liver disease. Prior to this hospitalization, her children noticed some that she's been having trouble dressing herself and is exhibiting some marked forgetfulness. 21. Which research design would best address the following question: What do most people in the U.S. feel about the legalization of marijuana? 22. Which Piagetian substage occurs during the Preoperational stage: Secondary Circular Reactions, Symbolic Function, or Metacognition. 23. At what age do most girls in North America finish growing? 24. For the following couples, identify which of the following types of love best describes their relationship: Consummate love, Fatuous, Liking, Romantic, Companionate. Halley and Matthew are about to celebrate their 6-month anniversary. They have an elaborate celebration planned, since this anniversary coincides with Valentine's Day. They both have a strong connection to one another, but have not communicated any long-term plans to one another. 25. Emma is in her late 80's and broke her hip last year. Not that she is recovered, she finds that she is more careful to avoid injury. Rather than walking in her hilly neighborhood, she now drives with a friend to the mall each morning for a nice, flat walk. Which of the following socioemotional theories of aging best fits her new viewpoint: Disengagement, Activity, or Selective Optimization with Compensation.

17. Consummate Love 18. All of the above (atrophy in parts of brain, inflammation, and production of free radicals) 19. Disengagement 20. Substance/Medication Induced 21. Survey 22. Symbolic Function 23. Approximately age 16 24. Romantic 25. Selective Optimization with Compensation

Long Answer Cont.: 2. Describe in detail the two courses of juvenile delinquency. Then, describe in detail two of Garbarino's recommendations for how to intervene in the life of an individual troubled teenage boy. Do you think these recommendations are likely to work? Why or why not? 3. Compare and contrast Assimilation and Accommodation. In your answer, be sure to describe each and describe how they differ from one another. Then, give a specific example of each. Finally, give a personal example of when you engaged in either assimilation or accommodation (be sure to say which one that you are describing!). Note: the module video used the example of eating food to illustrate these points. You must choose different examples.

2. Adolescence Limited is a point in the teenagers life where he acts irrational and puts up behaviours that seem like he has the tendency to commit crime in the future but as time goes on he begins to behave in a right way. -Life-Course Limited in this type of delinquency, the teeneger acts irrationally and has an agressive nature and usually has a problem with the law that is repeated even in the long term of his life. They do not usually straighten out and this could be due to the environment or nuturing that they might have had. -Gabriano's recommendations for how to intervene in the life of an individual troubled teenage boy are letting them have mentors that they can trust, joining a group like sport groups that could help lift their self esteem, teaching them empathy, teaching them spirituality and shielding them from inappropriate media especially at that young age. -I think theses recommendations are likely to work because most times young teenagers always copy whatever behavior they have modeled before them and so if they are privilegded to have the right models then they will act right. Also teaching them to be empathetic goes a long way, helps them develop emotional intellignce and do right by others. If a lot of people put others in their shoes they would treat people right and in so doing behave right all the time. 3. Assimilation and accommodation both involve processing new information. Assimilation is when you use exisiting schemes to make sense of new information. An example of this would be when a person is cooking and they come across a term they do not recognize in the recipe, they use context clues to figure out the meaning. Accommodation is when you take in new information and relate it to existing schemas. Example of accommodation is a child who understands that a 4 legged creature is called a dog then encounters a cat referring it to a dog but is corrected by parents and he can know cat vs dog. example of assimilation is child sees new type of dog they have never seen before and immediately points and says dog