Psych Final Ch. 15

positive symptoms

"__________________" involve a distortion of an excess of normal function; they're called this because they reflect something above and beyond normal behavior

delusions

A person who believes that the television news anchor is talking to him is suffering from ____________.

desire to die, acquired capability for suicide

Joiner's interpersonal theory of suicide states that suicide involves what 2 factors?

learned helplessness

One behavioral view of depression focuses on _______________, which is when an individual feels powerlessness and may stop trying to change their situation following exposure to adverse circumstances

poverty, gender, ethnic/gender variations

What are 3 sociocultural factors that lead to the development of depression?

hallucinations, delusions, thought disorders, movement disorders

What are 4 examples of positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

depressive, bipolar

What are the 2 main types of mood disorders?

deviant, maladaptive, personal distress

What are the 3 criteria for abnormal behavior?

generalized, social, specific phobia, panic disorder

What are the 4 most common anxiety disorders?

major depression

What are the following symptoms of? - feeling worthless - fatigue - weight loss/gain - reduced interest - trouble sleeping - no history of manic episodes

twice

Woman are ______________ as likely than men to be diagnosed with depression

depressive disorders

______________ consist of people who suffer from an unrelenting lack of pleasure

anxiety disorders

_________________ are psychological disorders that feature fears that are uncontrollable, disproportionate to the actual danger the person might be in, and disruptive to ordinary life

OCD

_________________ involves anxiety producing thoughts that will not go away and/or urges to perform repetitive, ritualistic behaviors to prevent or produce some future situation

dissociative identity disorder

__________________ (formerly multiple personality disorder) is one in which a person displays characteristics of 2 or more distinct personalities and each identity has its own memories, behaviors and relationships

body dysmorphic disorder

__________________ involves a distressing preoccupation with imagined or slight flaws in one's physical appearance

social anxiety disorder

__________________ is an intense fear of being humiliated in social situations

specific phobia

A ________________ is an anxiety disorder in which the individual has an irrational, overwhelming, persistent fears a particular object or situation

GABA

A deficiency in the neurotransmitter ___________ is among the biological factors for generalized anxiety disorder

stigma

A mark of shame that may cause others to avoid or to act negatively toward a person is called a ____________.

dissociation

A person experiencing ______________ feels disconnected from immediate experiences

threat, harm-avoiding

According to Dr. Smoller, professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, anxiety disorder is due to ___________ and __________ systems that have kind of gone awry in the brain.

PTSD

An anxiety disorder that develops through exposure to a traumatic event that has overwhelmed the person's ability to cope is called _____________.

delusion

Believing that you are a prophet is an example of a ___________ related to schizophrenia

brain structures, neurotransmitter functioning, genetic factors

Biological views of psychological disorders fall into what 3 main categories?

women

Borderline personality disorder is more common in ___________.

medical perspective

Critics complain that the DSM-5 relies too much on the ____________ and that it treats psychological disorders as they are illnesses.

oppressive, prejudicial, limiting

Cultural norms can be _____________, _____________, and _____________.

delusions

False, unusual and sometimes magical beliefs that are not part of an individual's culture are ____________.

genetic predisposition; environmental stress

In the vulnerability-stress hypothesis, _________________ + ________________ = disorder

persistent depressive disorder

Individuals who experience less extreme depressive mood for more than 2 months may be diagnosed with _______________.

bipolar I; bipolar II

Individuals who suffer from __________ are more likely to have extreme manic episodes which may include hallucinations while individuals who suffer from ___________ may have experiences of mania that are less extreme or euphoric.

cultural, religious

Reasons for variations in suicide rates include the degree to which there are ________ and ________ norms against it

negative symptoms

Schizophrenia's ____________ reflect social withdrawal, behavioral deficits and the loss of/decrease in normal functions

cognitive, positive, negative

Symptoms of schizophrenia are classified in what 3 ways?

DSM-5

The __________ is the "diagnostic and statistical annual of mental disorders"

thought disorder

The _____________ is used to describe incoherent, loose word associations that sometimes appear in the speech of a person with schizophrenia.

vulnerability-stress hypothesis

The ________________ (or diathesis-stress model) suggests that preexisting conditions may put a person at risk of developing a psychological disorder

psychological

The ________________ approach emphasizes the contributions of experiences, emotions, and personality characteristics in explaining psychological disorders

biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors

The biopsychosocial approach maintains that abnormal behavior can be influenced by which 3 things?

OCD

The following are causes of ____________: - depletion of serotonin and dopamine - genetic components

generalized anxiety disorder

The following are characteristics of _______________: - persistent anxiety for at least 6 months - no specified reason for the anxiety - take physical toll (fatigue, muscle tension, etc.)

Major depressive disorder

The following are characteristics of which mood disorder? - Indicated by lethargy & hopelessness - Lasts about 2 weeks - Impairs daily functioning - Leading cause of disability in the U.S

bipolar disorder

The mood disorder characterized by extreme mood swings that include one or more episodes of mania is known as _____________.

dopamine

The neurotransmitter ___________ can play a role in schizophrenia

heart palpitations, faintness, shortness of breath

What are 3 characteristics of panic disorder?

genes, parenting style, # of neurotransmitters

What are 3 examples of roles played in the development of social anxiety?

memories, experiences, learned associations

What are 3 factors that may explain specific phobias?

poor health, low levels of seretonin, genetics

What are 3 of the biological factors of suicide?

stress, mental illness, substance abuse

What are 3 of the psychological factors of suicide?

PTSD

What are the following symptoms of? - flashbacks - avoidance - impulsive behavior - anxious feelings - difficulties w/ memory - lack of sleep

paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic, avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive

What are the top 10 personality disorders?

deviant

__________ behavior is behavior that doesn't conform to society

Excoriation

___________ is the disorder involving persistent skin picking

psychosis

___________ refers to a state in which a person's perceptions & thoughts are fundamentally removed from reality

psychopaths

____________ are a subgroup of individuals with ASPD (antisocial personality disorder) who engage in violence to get what they want

manic episodes

____________ are periods of euphoric moods

cultural

____________ differences make it difficult to compare psychological disorders across many environments

catatonia

____________ is a state of immobility and lack of responsiveness that lasts for long periods of time

compulsions

_____________ are recurring BEHAVIORS

obsessions

_____________ are recurring THOUGHTS

Genetic influences

_____________ are stronger predictors of bipolar disorder than of depressive disorder

hallucinations

______________ are sensory experiences that occur in the absence of real stimuli

native americans

______________ are the demographic group with the highest rate of suicide

maladaptive

______________ behavior interfere with a person's ability to function effectively in the world

panic disorder

______________ is an anxiety disorder marked by recurrent sudden onsets of intense apprehension or terror.

dependent

______________ personality disorder consists of a need for others to satisfy emotional/physical needs; see others as powerful/competent but see themselves as child-like and helpless

schizoid

______________ personality disorder consists of an extreme lack of interest in interpersonal relationships; emotionally cold and apathetic

histrionic

______________ personality disorder consists of attention seeking, dramatics, and flirtation; inappropriately seductive towards others

borderline

______________ personality disorder consists of emotionally volatile and an unstable sense of self; prone to mood swings, excessive self-criticism, extreme judgement of others, fear of being abandoned

antisocial

______________ personality disorder consists of manipulation, deceitfulness, and immorality; lack empathy for others, are egocentric, and are willing to use others for personal gain

paranoid

______________ personality disorder consists of paranoia, suspiciousness, and a deep distrust of others; always on the lookout for danger/social mistreatment

narcissistic

______________ personality disorder consists of self-aggrezendizing yet overly dependent tendencies on the evaluation of others; views themselves as better than others and lack empathy

avoidant

______________ personality disorder consists of social inhabitation and prone to feelings of inadequacy, anxiety, and shame; unrealistic standards for their own behaviors and avoid setting goals, risk taking, and new activities

schizotypal

______________ personality disorder consists of social isolation and tendency to odd thinking; elaborate, strange belief systems and unusual meanings assigned to life events and experiences

rumination

______________ refers to the tendency to repetitively think about the causes, situational factors, and consequences of one's negative emotional experience

Trichotillomania

_______________ is a disorder in which the person compulsively pulls at his/her hair from the scalp, eyes, and other body areas.

schizophrenia

_______________ is a severe psychological disorder that is characterized by highly disordered thought processes and the following: - may see things that aren't there - hear voices in their heads

Generalized; phobic

________________ anxiety disorder involves anxiety about a large variety of things, whereas __________ disorder involves anxiety about a specific thing.

dissociative dimensia

________________ is a disorder in which an individual might leave home and sometimes assume a new identity and experience significant, selective memory loss

personality disorders

_________________ are chronic, maladaptive cognitive-behavioral patterns that are thoroughly integrated into an individual's personality

autism spectrum disorder

__________________ refers to a range of neurodevelopment disorders involving impaired social interaction and communication, repetitive behavior, and restricted interests.

ADD/ADHD

____________________ is often over-diagnosed & has created controversy with the loosened requirements and the age diagnosis change

sociocultural approach

____________________ states environment experiences play a role in the creation of psychological disorders

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

______________________ is a depressive disorder in children who show persistent irritability and recurrent episodes of out-of-control behavior