Psych Final Exam: Chapter 6, 7, and 8

Telepathy

A mind-to-mind communication

Acoustic Encoding is......

Sounds

When She studies for her Psych exam she always tries to think of ways in which the information can realte to her own life. She is hoping to benefit from:

The self-reference effect

What is the English translation the french word "Deja Vu"?

"Already Seen"

Example: After suffering from damage to her hippocampus, Pauline can still remember her past perfectly; however, she constantly forgets information she learned only moments earlier. Which of the following diagnoses best identifies Pauline's condition?

Anterograde Amnesia

Example: Your dog loves to go on walks around the neighborhood. You begin an experiment by clapping your hand 3 times before getting the leash to walk your dog. Soon every time you clap your hands the dog comes running. This is an example of what concept?

Classical Conditioning

Pavlov is famous for his work in _________ __________

Classical conditioning

Due to having retrograde as well as anterograde amnesia, this individual spends everyday 'waking up' every 20 seconds, 'restarting' his consciousness.

Clive Wearing

Example: A researcher notices that each time she makes a loud noise her research subject jumps. The researcher then shines a bright light before making a loud noise. After a few pairings, she notices that her research subject jumps when only the light is flashed. In this case, the light is considered to be which sitmulus?

Conditioned Stimulus

Which concept is exemplified by being able to distinguish a slight change in light when a dimmer is used to adjust the brightness?

Difference Threshold

What process involves the input of information in to the memory system?

Encoding

What is the correct process how how to memory functiions?

Encoding, Storing, Retrieval

What does top-down processing rely on?

Experiences and Expectations

__________ memory refers to knowledge or experiences that can be consciously remembered.

Explicit

True or False: In classical conditioning, the neutral stimulus becomes the unconditioned stimulus.

False

An exceptionally clear recollection of an important or emotional event is a _______ ________.

Flashbulb memory

Example: Sam was driving down a busy street when a dog ran out of a yard and right in front of his car. Sam did not see the dog until it was in front of his car. This causes him to swerve and hit another vehicle. Why did Sam not see the car next to him?

He was experiencing inattentional blindness.

Example: Walter decides that he would like to ride a bicycle. He has not used a bicycle in twenty years and wonders if he will remember how to do so. To his surprise, he easily remembers how to ride. What type of memory allows Walter to ride a bicycle after twenty years?

Implicit Memory

Positive reinforcement ________ the likelihood of a behavior, and negative reinforcement ________ increases the likelihood of a behavior.

Increases, Increases

The memory system used for relatively permanent storage of meaningful information is called:

Long-Term memory

Automatic Processing is.......

Memories that are encoded without thought

Example: Ben's older sister, Kelly, always teases him. In order to make her less likely to tease him in the future, Ben ignores her whenever she is mean to him. What term describes Ben's behavioral strategy?

Negative Punishment

Example: Taking away a person's car after they have been caught speeding would be an example of:

Negative Punishment

Example: Kelly and Jeff live together, and Kelly constantly yells at Jeff to clean his dishes in the kitchen. She tells him that she will stop nagging him if he does the chore. He finally cleans the dishes and Kelly, in turn, stops nagging him. As a result, Jeff is more likely to clean his dishes in the future. What is this scenario an example of?

Negative Reinforcement

Learning is best defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior that _________.

Occurs as a result of experience

Which type of reiforcement is used to strenghten a response be presenting a stimulus?

Postive Reinforcement

Food is to _______ reinforcer as money is to _________ reinforcer.

Primary, Secondary

Although Clive Wearing was diagnosed with retrograde and anterograde amnesia, he did not lose the ability of this particular memory.

Procedural Memory

Elizebeth is taking a fill-in-the-blank pop quiz in her English class. What form of memory is she exercising while answering the questions?

Recall

Example: In school, Tim learned the basics of Spanish grammar; however, after learning this new information, Tim cannot seem to recall the French he learned several months ago. Which of the following could be causing Tim's inability to recall past learning?

Retoractive Interference

Caroline os having trouble recalling how to play the guitar after learning how to play the piano. This is an example of:

Retroactive Interference

This describes the difference between sensation and perception.

Sensation is a bottom-up process and perception is a top-down process

In stage Models of Memory, information moves from:

Sensory to Short-Term to Long-Term memory

Addicts who recover in the context of a drug treatment facility may experience a resurgence of craving for their drug of choice once they leave the facility and come into contact with people or things associated with the drug. In classical conditioning, this is called ________ _______

Spontaneous Recovery

After a response has been extinguished, it will often reappear after a short time has passed.

Spontaneous Recovery

Example: After being bitten by a big dog. Hugo was scared of other big dogs but he was not scared of little dogs. This pattern demonstrates:

Stimulus Discrimination

What is a neutral stimulus?

Stimulus that evokes no response

Clairvoyance

The Perception of Remote Events

Precognition

The ability to see future events

True or False: In radioactive interference, newer information disrupts our ability to remember information that was learned earlier.

True

Positive punishment ________ behavior, and negative punishment _________ behavior.

Weakens, Weakens

People are more likely to notice a 50-cent increase in the price of a candy bar then they are to notice a 50 increase in the price if an ipad. This illustrates:

Weber's Law

Anterograde Amnesia is typically associated with damage to the:

hippocampus

What is another term for difference threshold?

just noticeable difference