psych final exam

5. The Electra complex involves __________. a. a girl wanting to kill her father and possess her mother b. a boy wanting to kill his father and possess his mother c. a girl longing for her father and resenting her mother d. a boy longing for his father and resenting his mother

a girl longing for her father and resenting her mother

7. Behavior therapy is also known as _________. a. cognitive therapy b. EMDR c. behavior modification d. psychoanalysis

behavior modification

6. In _____________, people forget their entire lives. a. illness anxiety disorder b. generalized dissociative amnesia c. psychomotor retardation d. generalized anxiety disorders

generalized dissociative amnesia

3. Lauren, who suffers from schizophrenia, often hears a voice telling her she is being watched by the police. This condition is called a(n) _______. a. allergy b. neuroticism c. hallucination d. stupor

hallucination

14. Antidepressants ___________. a. increase sex drive b. reduce hallucinations c. increase serotonin levels d. absolutely nothing

increase serotonin levels

1. According to Baumrind, which parenting style can be described as having high control or restrictiveness, and low warmth or responsiveness. a. Authoritarian b. Authoritative c. Permissive d. Neglectful/Uninvolved

Authoritarian

15. As it relates to the placenta, which of the following is accurate? a. It is the fluid-filled sac that contains the developing embryo or fetus. b. It is a tube between the mother and her developing child. c. It is fully developed about six months after birth. d. It prevents the mother and developing child's blood from mixing.

It prevents the mother and developing child's blood from mixing.

12. What is the name of the concept that infants are born with the innate ability to learn a language? a. Chomsky's hypothesis b. Holophrases c. Language Acquisition Device d. Language Parameter Device

Language Acquisition Device

11. Which of these tests is often used to measure emotional intelligence, specifically self-control? a. Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Quiz b. Wechsler Scales c. Rorschach's Ink Blot Test d. Marshmallow Test

Marshmallow Test

3. ________ tests are tests that presume the taker will project their personality into their answers. a. Objective b. Projective c. Reliable d. Valid

Projective

16. The principles of psychotherapy focus on all of the following except for: a. Psychotherapy is a systematic interaction between a client and a therapist. The therapist's theoretical point of view interacts with the client's problems to determine how the therapist and the client relate to each other. b. Psychotherapy is based on psychological theory and research in areas such as personality, learning, motivation, and emotion. c. Psychotherapy only influences clients' feelings. d. Psychological disorders, adjustment problems, and personal growth.

Psychotherapy is a systematic interaction between a client and a therapist. The therapist's theoretical point of view interacts with the client's problems to determine how the therapist and the client relate to each other.

5. __________ refers to a behavior-therapy method for helping people in their interpersonal relations that utilizes self-monitoring, behavior rehearsal, and feedback. a. Dream analysis b. Social skills training c. Biofeedback training d. Cognitive therapy

Social skills training

9. Which of the following statements is true of dissociative identity disorder?

Somatoform disorders are characterized by the presence of two or more personalities in one person.

19. Schizophrenia is characterized by ___________. a. an inability to be alone b. negative symptoms such as flat, emotionless voices but not by positive symptoms c. disturbances in thought and language, perception and attention, motor activity, and mood d. positive symptoms but not negative symptoms

disturbances in thought and language, perception and attention, motor activity, and mood

17. Joe is suffering from kidney dysfunction. Joe's doctor advises him to start taking injections instead of tablets as that would be more effective and would cure him sooner. However, Joe fears hypodermic needles and refuses to be injected. In this scenario, Joe seems to have _________. a. a specific phobia b. a common social phobia c. panic disorder d. generalized anxiety disorder

a specific phobia

8. Delmar believes that he has been sent to earth to save mankind. He believes that women are evil and that any male who speaks to a female is doomed to be a slave. He often tells people of his grand plan to save males from the influence of females. Nothing one says or does can convince him that his ideas are absurd. Delmar's behavior best exemplifies _________. a. hallucinations b. waxy flexibility c. delusions d. catatonia

delusions

5. According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the __________ functions according to the pleasure principle. a. ego b. id c. alter ego d. superego

id

9. Cade, a nine-year old, almost exclusively plays with boys at his elementary school. Cade's behavior is most likely in the __________ stage of psychosexual development. a. oral b. phallic c. latency d. anal

latency

15. Lithium is a(n) ________. a. mood stabilizer b. antidepressant c. antianxiety medication d. antipsychotic

mood stabilizer

9. Marco, a three-year-old boy, is about to take a nap. He looks at his mother and says, "I goed to the park." In this scenario, Marco is exhibiting _________. a. divergent thinking b. cognitive dissonance c. overregularization d. counterconditioning

overregularization

10. Kim and her family were involved in a road accident. Kim was the only survivor. Her son and husband were declared dead. When Kim returned home, she started having dreams about people dying in tragic accidents. These nightmares left Kim with a rapid heart rate and feelings of anxiety and helplessness. Kim is most likely suffering from ________. a. body dysmorphic disorder b. dissociative identity disorder c. post-traumatic stress disorder d. somatoform disorder

post-traumatic stress disorder

20. Lisa, a high school student, is suspicious of her classmates. She does not trust them and keeps a distance from everyone at school. Lisa is most likely suffering from __________. a. illness anxiety disorder b. paranoid personality disorder c. dissociative amnesia d. dissociative identity disorder

paranoid personality disorder

11. According to Freud, __________ is an anal-retentive trait.

perfectionism

13. According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, conservation refers to children being able to ________. a. understand that mass can stay the same even when it looks different b. repeat pleasurable behavior patterns c. center on two dimensions of a problem at once d. attribute life and consciousness to physical objects

understand that mass can stay the same even when it looks different

3. Which theory or model of intelligence is most frequently used in educational settings? a. Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences b. Sternberg's Triarchic Theory c. Stanford-Binet's model d. Carroll-Horn-Cattell (CHC) model

Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences

13. ________ argues that people are capable of free choice, self-fulfillment, and ethical behavior. a. Humanism b. Observational learning c. Psychodynamic theory d. Behaviorism

Humanism

2. Which acronym represents the "Big 5"? a. TRAITS b. OCEAN c. AGREE d. SAINT

OCEAN

4. Who is known for beginning the asylum reform movement? a. Fritz Perls b. Sigmund Freud c. Carl Rogers d. Phillipe Pinel

Phillipe Pinel

3. __________ is the best-known form of psychosurgery that is used with people with severe psychological disorders. a. Arthroscopy b. Colostomy c. Prefrontal lobotomy d. Split-brain surgery

Prefrontal lobotomy

13. Blocking dopamine receptors can lead to all of the following EXCEPT: a. Reduced hallucinations b. Reduced delusions c. Reduced agitation d. Reduced depressive symptoms

Reduced depressive symptoms

11. Which of the following is not a characteristic of middle adulthood? a. Menopause in women occurs. b. Both sexes may look better than their earlier adult years. c. Sense of smell declines. d. Strength, coordination, and stamina are lower than in earlier years.

Sense of smell declines.

12. Which of the following Freudian psychic structures is present in a person at birth? a. The Id. b. The creative self. c. The Ego. d. The Superego.

The Id.

7. Which of the following is a feature of the germinal stage of prenatal development?

The zygote divides repeatedly while moving to the uterus.

5. During a math test, Jacob is given the lengths of two sides of a right triangle and is asked to find the length of its third side. He uses the Pythagorean theorem to calculate the length. In this scenario, Jacob has used a(n) _____ to calculate the length of the third side of the right triangle. a. prototype b. hypothesis c. algorithm d. exemplar

algorithm

6. Jennifer has to choose a doctor and finds two with pictures online. She chooses the man in the suit as a better choice for her doctor, instead of the woman with numerous tattoos and piercings. She later finds out that the man has killed half of his patients. Jennifer's unfortunate choice was likely due to her use of the ____ heuristic. a. representativeness b. availability c. anchoring d. adjustment

anchoring

16. According to Piaget, ________ is the inclusion of a new event into an existing schema. a. accommodation b. imprinting c. assimilation d. scaffolding

assimilation

14. Among adolescents, your text discusses several contributing factors to suicide behavior, except concerns over ____________. a. sexuality b. substance abuse c. sexual abuse d. athletics

athletics

8. Rapid smoking can be a(n) ________ to help a person stop smoking. a. magnification exercise b. client-centered technique c. aversive conditioning method d. all-or-nothing method

aversive conditioning method

4. People with _________ alternate between extremes of adulation in their relationships when their needs are met and loathing when they feel scorned. a. hoarding disorder b. antisocial personality disorder c. conversion disorder d. borderline personality disorder

borderline personality disorder

13. In the context of specific phobias, __________ is the fear of tight or enclosed places. a. xenophobia b. altophobia c. acrophobia d. claustrophobia

claustrophobia

1. Jason meets a psychotherapist for the first time and expresses that he is nervous about therapy. The therapist tells him that it is natural to be nervous. She also explains that humans have a natural tendency toward health and growth and that they are free to make choices and control their destinies. She tells him that therapy is intended to help people get in touch with their genuine feelings. In this case, Jason's therapist is using __________. a. family therapy b. behavioral therapy c. client-centered therapy d. virtual therapy

client-centered therapy

13. An songwriter most likely has __________ based on examples in the text and PowerPoint. a. spatial intelligence b. practical intelligence c. creative intelligence d. analytical intelligence

creative intelligence

11. In the context of the origins of dissociative disorders, both psychodynamic and learning theories suggest that: a. people with dissociative disorders are always indifferent toward bad memories. b. dissociative disorders help people keep disturbing memories or ideas out of mind. c. dissociative disorders are not culture-bound. d. unpleasant thoughts associated with dissociative disorder cannot be kept out of mind

dissociative disorders help people keep disturbing memories or ideas out of mind.

12. According to Piaget, the __________ is the fourth stage of cognitive development in children. a. preoperational stage b. sensorimotor stage c. concrete operational stage d. formal operational stage

formal operational stage

12. Raul goes to a psychotherapist because he is suffering from insomnia. The therapist asks him to relax by lying on a couch and encourages him to talk about anything that comes to his mind. The therapist does not use hypnosis. Through this process, the therapist hopes to gain an insight into the unconscious processes in Raul's mind. The therapist is using the technique of __________. a. reinforcement b. free association c. systematic desensitization d. dream analysis

free association

14. According to your text, true language is distinguished from the communication systems of lower animals by all of the following EXCEPT ______. a. semanticity b. holophrase c. infinite creativity d. displacement

holophrase

10. Eysenck focused on the relationships between two personality traits: __________ and emotional stability-instability. a. agreeableness-disagreeableness b. openness-shallowness c. introversion-extraversion d. conscientious-careless

introversion-extraversion

7. Elizabeth just turned six and she is given an intelligence test at school. The results of the test show that she is functioning intellectually like the average eight-year-old. In this scenario, Elizabeth has a(n) __________ of eight. a. intelligence quotient b. chronological age c. mental age d. mental set

mental age

5. Extreme, irrational fears of objects and situations, such as hypodermic needles and public speaking are examples of __________. a. compulsions b. biases c. drives d. phobias

phobias

14. The Rorschach ink blot test is which type of personality test? a. objective b. subjective c. projective d. invalid

projective

10. Withdrawal from psychotropic medications (drugs) can cause __________. a. rebound anxiety b. symptoms to disappear c. Holoran Syndrome d. the Id to fight the Superego

rebound anxiety

9. The embryo is connected to the placenta by the __________. a. umbilical cord b. uterine tube c. fallopian tube d. urethra

umbilical cord

10. Mari was trying to lose some weight prior to her prom, so she decided which dress she wanted to get and then decided how much weight she needed to lose. This is an example of ____________. a. backtracking b. the depth-first search algorithm c. parallel processing d. the means-end analysis

the means-end analysis

6. According to Jung's hypothesis, which of the following refers to the primitive images contained in the collective unconscious? a. libido b. archetypes c. traits d. eros

archetypes

7. While away at college, Kruti realized that her honest personality was due to the high value and reinforcement they put on telling the truth in all situations. What theory bests explains this? a. social cognitive theory b. behaviorism c. humanism d. trait theory

behaviorism

2. According to the __________, persons with a disposition for a psychological disorder may exhibit the disorder when experiencing a major life change, such as a death in the family or sudden move. a. medical model b. diathesis stress model c. biopsychosocial model d. demonological model

biopsychosocial model

2. Maria thinks of her first dog when she thinks of the concept of "dog". This specific example is called a(n) ________. a. Prototype b. Exemplar c. Conceptual idea d. Proposal

exemplar

1. Which of the following aggravated the psychological problems that inmates of asylums were already facing? a. overcrowding b. humanitarian reform movements c. silence d. early release of inmates

overcrowding

9. Biological treatments or therapies include all of the following EXCEPT: a. psychosurgery b. psychotherapy c. medication d. electroconvulsive therapy

psychotherapy

2. Jill was surprised at how much her therapist challenged her beliefs concerning her social anxiety. Her therapist kept having her make counter-arguments against many of the thoughts she had that pertained to her anxiety. Jill's therapist is practicing what approach? a. client-centered therapies b. cognitive therapy c. behavior therapy d. rational emotive behavior therapy

rational emotive behavior therapy

1. Reasonably stable characteristics of personality that account for consistent behavior are called ______. a. theories b. self-control c. traits d. sadism

traits

12. Which of the following statements about suicide are correct? a. Most people who commit suicide do not give warnings about their intentions. b. Discussing suicide with a person who is depressed can prompt the person to attempt suicide. c. Extracting a promise not to commit suicide before calling or visiting a helping professional seems to prevent some suicides. d. People who commit suicide are seeking attention.

Extracting a promise not to commit suicide before calling or visiting a helping professional seems to prevent some suicides.

16. Which of the following statements is true of the biopsychosocial model that explains the origins of psychological disorders? a. Health professionals viewed psychological disorders as diseases of the mind that had no cure. b. Health professionals viewed psychological disorders in terms of a combination of biological vulnerabilities, psychological factors, and sociocultural factors. c. People assumed that the behaviors associated with psychological disorders were caused by possession by the devil. d. People assumed that illnesses had physical or biological causes, which could be identified and cured through therapies.

Health professionals viewed psychological disorders in terms of a combination of biological vulnerabilities, psychological factors, and sociocultural factors.

1. __________ is a general mental capability that involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly, and learn from experience. a. Semanticity b. Instinct c. Intelligence d. Memory

Intelligence

11. Which of the following is an advantage of group therapy used by psychotherapists? a. It allows people to receive support from others with similar problems. b. It guarantees that people reveal their personal problems to group members. c. It ensures that people from the same family are not included in the same group. d. It allows the therapist to facilitate one-to-one therapy without making the client feel lonely.

It allows people to receive support from others with similar problems.

8. Which of the following is true of Carl Jung's psychodynamic theory—analytical psychology? a. It emphasizes the collective unconscious and archetypes. b. It emphasizes the feelings of inferiority and the creative self. c. It focuses on personality characteristics that were generally presumed to be embedded in the nervous system. d. It focuses on learning by observation and on the cognitive processes that underlie personal differences.

It emphasizes the collective unconscious and archetypes.

4. According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following is true of the superego? a. It curbs the appetites of the id and seeks ways to find gratification yet avoid social disapproval. b. It stands for reason and good sense, for rational ways of coping with frustration. c. It holds up shining models of an ideal self and monitors the intentions of the ego. d. It represents biological drives and is entirely unconscious.

It holds up shining models of an ideal self and monitors the intentions of the ego.

4. Anaya is a teenager who has just started wearing braces. She hates going to school now because she thinks that everyone is looking at her and laughing. She believes that she must look her best at all times. Which of the following concepts of Piaget's adolescent egocentrism is depicted in this scenario? a. The concept of cognitive scaffolding. b. The concept of objective responsibility. c. The concept of the personal fable. d. The concept of the imaginary audience.

The concept of the imaginary audience.

18. A similarity between acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder is that both: a. occur six months or more after a traumatic event and tend to persist. b. are characterized by feelings of anxiety and helplessness that are caused by a traumatic event. c. occur within a month of a traumatic event and last only for a week. d. are characterized by loss of memory that is caused by a traumatic event.

are characterized by feelings of anxiety and helplessness that are caused by a traumatic event.

10. According to Ainsworth and supporting research, which form of attachment leads to the best outcomes for the child? a. ambivalent b. avoidant c. resistant d. secure

secure

14. According to Erik Erikson, the psychosocial development stage of _________ is foundational to healthy development. a. industry versus inferiority b. trust versus mistrust c. autonomy versus shame and doubt d. initiative versus guilt

trust versus mistrust

4. Your uncle has a stroke and after he recovers, he is able to speak fluently, but his words do not make sense. Based on videos we watched in class (on the power point), he likely has ______ aphasia. a. Broca's b. Wernicke's c. Grossman's d. Wilke's

Wernicke's

22. Ryan, a teenager, exhibits erratic behavior. He is very happy at times and at other times he shows signs of extreme depression. Ryan's mother thinks he is possessed and takes him to an exorcist. In this scenario, Ryan's mother supports the __________ of psychological disorders. a. biopsychosocial model b. diathesis-stress model c. demonological model d. medical model

demonological model

3. Gloria, a high school senior, is very clear that she wants to study forensic psychology. She spends her summer volunteering at psychiatric facilities and studies very hard for all her tests. She subscribes to medical and forensic journals so that she does not miss out on developments in the field of forensic psychology. Gloria is determined to study at Harvard Medical School. According to Erickson's theory of psychosocial development, Gloria is demonstrating _____. a. role diffusion b. self-indulgence c. ego identity d. instrumental competence

ego identity

7. People with depersonalization-derealization disorder: a. complain of physical problems such as paralysis, pain, or a persistent belief that they have a serious disease. b. experience episodes of feeling detached from themselves or feeling that the world around them is unreal. c. have mood swings from ecstatic elation to deep depression. d. hold persistent, clearly delusional beliefs, often involving paranoid themes.

experience episodes of feeling detached from themselves or feeling that the world around them is unreal.

21. __________ refer to erroneous beliefs that one is being victimized. a. Ideas of persecution b. Self-actualization drives c. Instances of psychomotor retardation d. Instances of learned helplessness

Ideas of persecution

8. A pregnant woman visits her doctor for a scheduled ultrasound. She hears the strong heartbeat of the developing child. She is also able to see its fingers and toes. She tells the doctor that she frequently feels the baby kick. Which stage of prenatal development is depicted in the scenario? a. The fetal stage. b. The embryonic stage. c. The germinal stage. d. The implantation stage.

The fetal stage.

15. Behaviors or mental processes are suggestive of psychological disorders when they meet some combination of the following criteria. Which of the following is not one of the criteria? a. They suggest faulty perception or interpretation of reality. b. They suggest severe personal distress. c. They are unusual, but effective. d. The individual's behavior is socially acceptable

They are unusual, but effective.

2. Which of the following statements is true of the hearing capability of newborns? a. They can hear well when they are born. b. They cannot hear well until they are three months old. c. They prefer their father's voice to those of other men. c. They prefer their father's voice to those of other men.

They can hear well when they are born.

8. Chelsea sells used cars and she has noticed over the years that when you initially quote a high price for a car people tend to not have a drastically different counteroffer. This is an example of: a. an anchoring and adjustment heuristic. b. cognitive dissonance. c. a framing effect. d. functional fixedness.

a framing effect.

6. According to Ainsworth's strange situation method, upon reunion with their mothers after separation, infants with resistant attachment: a. seek interaction and are readily comforted by their mother. b. alternately cling to and push their mother away. c. cry and throw tantrums. d. ignore their mother.

alternately cling to and push their mother away.

6. An effective client-centered therapist would display all of the following EXCEPT: a. focus on visual perceptions b. unconditional positive regard c. empathy d. genuineness

focus on visual perceptions