Psych Final Fo Shizzle ;)

Trina suffers from depression. Her physician has placed her on a popular antidepressant that will help to increase her _____ supplies by blocking reuptake so that her receptor sites get enough of this neurotransmitter.

serotonin

In one experiment, Asian-American clients were more likely to perceive counselor empathy if their counselor

shared the clients' cultural values.

Bradley served two tours of duty during the war in Iraq. Since his return home, however, Bradley finds himself reliving many of his experiences from his time in the armed forces. Sometimes he swears he smells gunfire and feels the terror of being shot at. Bradley is MOST likely suffering _____ associated with _____ disorder.

flashbacks; posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A major characteristic of schizophrenia is diminished emotion. For example, some people suffering from schizophrenia exhibit _____, often described as a zombielike state of apparent apathy.

flat affect

A state of no apparent emotions or feelings among those with schizophrenia is called

flat affect.

Which characteristic is NOT found for those with antisocial personality disorder?

increased autonomic arousal in unnerving situations

Shantay is a 37-year-old African-American female previously diagnosed with bipolar disorder. She currently appears to be experiencing an episode of mania. Her psychiatrist orders blood work and a brain scan. The imaging is likely to show:

an abnormally high level of activity across the brain.

According to the social-cognitive perspective, women are more vulnerable to depression than men because they are more likely to

feel overwhelmed with all they have to do.

This occurs when a person experiences a fearful event and then transfers that fear to other, similar events.

Stimulus Generalization

Despite having several features in common, what is the primary distinction between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?

Those suffering from anorexia nervosa are drastically underweight, while those suffering from bulimia nervosa are within or above the normal range.

Gender differences in depression are least noticeable among

preadolescent children

Compulsive hand washing often increases in frequency because it relieves feelings of anxiety. This best illustrates the impact of ________ on compulsive behaviors.

reinforcement

Twenty-year-old Shoshanna lives in a small town. She has always been extremely shy, but lately she has been feeling intensely afraid that others are scrutinizing her. She avoids speaking in class, she no longer goes to parties, and she starts trembling whenever she is in a public place. Shoshanna seems to be suffering from _____ disorder.

social anxiety

Will has an intense fear of speaking in public. Because he can only engage in one-on-one discussions, he has been passed over for promotions. Will may be suffering from _____ disorder.

social anxiety

Evidence that placebos can reduce some of the distressing symptoms of psychological disorders best illustrates the therapeutic value of

hope.

Anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD express themselves biologically as overarousal of brain areas involved in

impulse control.

People who are more vulnerable to PTSD have a more sensitive ________ than those who do not develop this disorder.

limbic system

"He is as slow as molasses" might be a good way to describe the energy level for people suffering from _____ disorder.

major depressive

Sally is focused on cleaning her home, which she does for three to four hours per day. In particular, the fringe on her rugs must be straight on both sides in all five rooms. This takes considerable time and she often repeats this cycle 10 to 12 times per day in addition to her ritualistic cleaning. Her experience is MOST symptomatic of _____ disorder.

obsessive-compulsive

Brain scans of people with ________ reveal elevated activity in a brain region that monitors our actions and checks for errors.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Children with intellectual disabilities have been taught to care for themselves using

operant conditioning

Aidan is sweating and nauseous. His heart is racing, and he feels as if he might die. Aidan is suffering from _____ disorder.

panic

Several times in the past two months, Petra has experienced a racing heart, intense fear that something horrible is about to happen, and an inability to breathe. Petra MOST likely is suffering from _____ disorder.

panic

When people suffer from a(n) _____ attack, they often feel intense fear that something horrible is about to happen. These feelings last minutes and include heart palpitations, shortness of breath, and dizziness.

panic

Although Claude realizes his behavior is unreasonable, he is so distraught by high bridges that he avoids them and takes an unnecessarily lengthy route to and from work each day. Claude appears to suffer from a(n) _____.

phobia

Approximately _____ percent of the population suffer from panic disorder.

2 to 3

Dylan is a second-year undergraduate who feels so incompetent that he believes his life is worthless and hopeless. Dylan would profit the most from

Beck's Cognitive therapy.

Food binges that alternate with vomiting are most characteristic of

Bulimia Nervosa.

Which symptom is NOT associated with major depressive disorder?

Feelings of Euphoria

Brain scans have found enlarged fluid-filled areas in people with

Schizophrenia.

A generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by

a continuous state of tension, apprehension, and autonomic nervous system arousal.

Internal, stable, and global explanations of one's own failures are indicative of

a pessimistic explanatory style.

A common ingredient underlying the success of diverse psychotherapies is the

clients exception that through psychotherapy things will get better.

Dialectical behavior therapy is a form of

cognitive-behavioral therapy.

The overlapping of two or more disorders in a single person is called

comorbidity.

Delusions are:

false or irrational beliefs.

Carl Rogers encouraged therapists to foster client growth by exhibiting

genuineness; acceptance; empathy.

Regarding the treatment of schizophrenia, therapeutic drugs that block dopamine receptors are MOST likely to reduce:

hallucinations.

A person attacked by a fierce dog develops a fear of all dogs. This best illustrates

stimulus generalization.

People living in "cultures of honor," which prize ________, tend to be more reluctant to seek mental health care.

strength and toughness

Light therapy sparks activity in a brain region that influences

the body's arousal.

Abnormally low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin are associated with

depression.

John has been having difficulties getting out of bed, is not interested in going out with friends, and does not even answer the phone. He has let a number of bills go unpaid, he is sleeping 12 to 14 hours a day, and he cannot concentrate at work. He has called in sick to work at least once each week. John is MOST likely suffering from _____ disorder.

depressive

Drugs that alleviate mania tend to reduce levels of the neurotransmitter

norepinephrine.

Episodes of overeating (typically with high-calorie foods) followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise are common in individuals with _____.

bulimia nervosa

Thirty-five-year-old Lucy needs to have blood work. She is so distraught by this that she must mentally prepare herself for it as well as take a short-acting sedative. Lucy seems to be suffering from:

a phobia.

A disorder in which a person loses contact with reality and experiences irrational ideas and disordered perceptions is

a psychotic disorder.

Among schizophrenia patients, the fluid-filled areas of the brain are

abnormally large and the thalamus is abnormally small.

An important feature of client-centered therapy is

active listening.

A person's conscious awareness separating from painful memories, thoughts, and feelings is the definition of

dissociative disorder.

While researchers have discovered that there are an excessive number of receptor sites for _____ in schizophrenia patients' brains, it is not the only neurotransmitter involved in the disorder.

dopamine

Flashbacks are a common symptom associated with:

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Aaron Beck developed a ________ therapy for depression.

Cognitive

The police brought Corinne to the emergency room after she was seen running down the street in her underwear yelling, "I have the power!" Corinne was also spending large amounts of money across town and was rude and reckless over the last five days. In the emergency room, Corinne would not be quiet long enough for the nurse to ask her questions. Corinne is MOST likely suffering from _____ disorder.

bipolar

Between 1994 and 2003, there was a 40-fold increase in the number of under-20 Americans diagnosed with

bipolar disorder.

Despite the link between creativity and madness in the popular imagination, the only disorder that appears positively related to creativity is:

bipolar disorder.