Psych Final Pt. 3, Psych Final, Psych Final Pt. 1, Chapter 13, Psych Final Pt. 1, Chapter 13
174. ________ is a person's assessment of his or her own level of positive affect relative to negative affect
and an evaluation of his or her life in general.,A. Subjective well-being
153. According to Jung
the deepest impersonal layer of the conscious mind that is shared by all humans because of their common ancestral past is called the, C. collective unconscious.
274. If a therapist gives an alcoholic a drink laced with a nausea-inducing drug so that she or he will become ill after drinking the alcohol
the therapist is using,A. aversive conditioning.
294. The goal of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is
to set off a seizure in the brain.
285. Avril is suffering from major depressive disorder and has been administered the drug Elavil a tricyclic drug. According to this information which of the following side effects is she likely to experience as a result of the intake of this drug?
. memory difficulties
133. A test taker of the ________ is asked to tell a story about each of the pictures including events leading up to the situation described the characters' thoughts and feelings and the way the situation turns out
.A. Thematic Apperception Test
244. Which of the following is a technique that is used in family therapy? A. structural change B. reattribution C. scaling D. guided Association
A
56. People who are gifted have an IQ of
A. 130 or higher.
57. Intellectual disability (formerly called mental retardation) is a condition of limited mental ability in which an individual has an IQ of ________ and has difficulty adapting to everyday life
A. 70 or below
205. Alex has been diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder. Which of the following if true is most likely to have played a role in the development of his disorder?
A. Alex has respiratory system abnormalities.
72. Alyssa just won the lottery. According to the concept of the hedonic treadmill
A. Alyssa will experience a short-term high from her win but her happiness will eventually return back to its set point.
209. Which of the following statements about panic disorder is FALSE?,
A. American men are twice as likely as American women to be diagnosed with panic disorder.
273. Clients of therapists who do not monitor the quality of the therapeutic alliance are
A. more likely to drop out of therapy.
50. If an outcome measure is normally distributed this means that
A. most scores are around the average score.
299. Which of the following is a biological intervention that involves the removal or destruction of brain tissue to improve an individual's adjustment? A. electroconvulsive therapy B. psychosurgery C. psychoanalysis D. psychotherapy
B
300. Which of the following statements about psychosurgery is FALSE? A. A prefrontal lobotomy is a type of psychosurgery that involves severing fibers that connect the frontal lobe and the thalamus. B. The effects of psychosurgery can be reversed with intensive therapy. C. Present-day psychosurgery involves making just a small lesion in the amygdala or another part of the limbic system. D. Psychosurgery is a biological therapy that involves the removal or destruction of brain tissue to improve an individual's adjustment.
B
159. Gladys is a therapist who is constantly reminding her clients that people have a natural capacity for personal growth and positive qualities. Gladys likely endorses the ________ of personality.
B humanistic perspective
134. A client is asked to look at a picture and to tell a story that describes what she thinks is happening in the picture. Her therapist will use the content of the story to make inferences about the client's personality. The client is likely taking the
B. Thematic Apperception Test.
126. Social desirability is
B. a major problem with self-report assessments.
272. Which of the following individuals would benefit from systematic desensitization?
B. a person who has a phobia of closed spaces
192. Which of the following individuals is likely to be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder?
B. a person who lacks empathy for others, is egocentric, and is willing to use others for his own personal gain
20. A(n) ________ is a strategy that guarantees a solution to a problem
B. algorithm
187. When treating a client with a psychological disorder a therapist makes the assumption that the person's difficulties stem primarily from the context in which a person lives. This therapist most likely identifies with the ________ to psychological disorders.
B. sociocultural approach
248. John an alcoholic does not have much money but requires the help of a mental-health professional. He might best be served by contacting a
C. self-help support group.
109. Setting goals planning for the implementation of goals and monitoring progress are all aspects of
C. self-regulation.
225. Depressed people tend to have fewer receptors of the neurotransmitters
C. serotonin and norepinephrine.
150. Freud believed that the prime motive in human existence is ________Karen Horney believed that the prime motive in human existence is ________.
C. sex/security
116. According to the James-Lange theory of emotions
crying over spilled milk will result in,C. sorrow because you are crying.
288. Elizabeth visited a psychiatrist who after interviewing her recommended either Paxil or Prozac. From this scenario it can be inferred that Elizabeth is most likely suffering from
depression.
124. Rachel has a pessimistic attitude. She worries incessantly about things and can never seem to see the positive side of life. According to the biological perspective Rachel's attitude could best be explained by low levels of
dopamine.
239. Individuals with bulimia nervosa tend to have ________ of perfectionism and ________ of selfefficacy.
C. high levels/low levels
246. Which of the following forms of treatment relies on paraprofessionals?
B. self-help support groups
296. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a treatment sometimes used for
B. severe depression.
90. An individual's ________ refers to the direction of his or her erotic interests.
B. sexual orientation
262. Humanistic therapies differ from psychodynamic therapies in that humanistic therapies emphasize
C. self-fulfillment rather than illness.
253. According to Freud's psychodynamic perspective, what is the best way to gain insight into a person's core problems? A. bringing unconscious conflicts into conscious awareness B. reinforcing the client for ignoring neurotic thoughts C. having the client transfer fears and anxieties to the therapist D. helping the client to repress unpleasant memories more effectively
A
254. According to Freud's therapeutic technique, getting people to talk freely A. causes them to lose focus. B. exhausts them. C. allows their deepest thoughts to emerge. D. masks their unconscious conflicts.
A
255. Which of the following statements is true regarding the psychoanalytic technique of dream analysis? A. In dream analysis, every dream, including nightmares, contains a hidden, disguised unconscious wish. B. Dreams represent unconscious conflicts which should be excluded while practicing psychodynamic therapy. C. In dream analysis, a psychoanalyst asks a person to say aloud whatever comes to mind. D. Dreams provide individuals with an outlet to express their conscious wishes and desires.
A
260. In the context of psychoanalysis, when a psychotherapist questions a client about the nightmares the client has had, the therapist is engaging in the method of A. dream analysis. B. free association C. transference. D. validation
A
262. Humanistic therapies differ from psychodynamic therapies in that humanistic therapies emphasize A. change of behavior rather than underlying thoughts. B. the past rather than the present. C. self-fulfillment rather than illness. D. unconscious thoughts rather than conscious thoughts.
A
266. ________ are called insight therapies because they encourage self-awareness as the path to psychological health. A. Psychodynamic and humanistic therapies B. Psychodynamic and behavior therapies C. Behavior and humanistic therapies D. Cognitive and sociocultural therapies
A
268. Jane is afraid of crowds. If her therapist uses systematic desensitization technique, Jane will be asked to A. learn how to relax. B. stand alone in a room. C. identify self-defeating thoughts. D. expose her fear during group therapy
A
269. Which of the following is a part of the process of systematic desensitization? A. deep relaxation B. dream analysis C. hypnosis D. cognitive restructuring
A
273. Clients of therapists who do not monitor the quality of the therapeutic alliance are A. more likely to drop out of therapy. B. likely to feel more respected and supported by the therapist. C. likely to feel more hopeful about overcoming their disorder. D. less likely to experience negative outcomes as a result of therapy.
A
274. If a therapist gives an alcoholic a drink laced with a nausea-inducing drug so that she or he will become ill after drinking the alcohol, the therapist is using A. aversive conditioning. B. systematic desensitization. C. an unethical procedure. D. social-skills training
A
275. ________ therapies emphasize that thoughts are the main source of psychological problems, and they attempt to influence and change the feelings and behaviors by changing the thoughts. A. Cognitive B. Psychoanalytic C. Gestalt D. Humanistic
A
276. A therapist who uses cognitive restructuring believes that ________ are the causes of abnormal behavior. A. maladaptive thoughts B. childhood experiences C. chemical imbalances D. parental relationship
A
278. Decatastrophize technique in cognitive therapy involves A. helping the client evaluate whether he is overestimating the nature of a situation. B. helping the client distribute responsibility for events appropriately. C. systematically examining the evidence for the client's beliefs or assertions. D. providing the client with ways of stopping a cascade of negative thoughts
A
279. A psychologist who practices cognitive therapy might try to help a patient who suffers from a major depressive disorder by A. trying to get the patient to identify irrational and self-defeating thoughts. B. using systematic desensitization to replace depression with relaxation. C. analyzing unconscious conflicts from the patient's past. 42 D. involving the patient in satisfying social activities
A
283. Tranquilizers are ________ drugs. A. antianxiety B. MAO inhibitor C. antidepressant D. antipsychotic
A
284. ________ treat depression by increasing the level of norepinephrine and serotonin. A. Tricyclics B. Benzodiazepines C. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors D. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
A
290. By influencing norepinephrine and serotonin, lithium is thought to A. stabilize moods. B. cause drowsiness. C. improve memory. D. cure insomnia.
A
291. Chaz has been on antipsychotic medication for several weeks now. As a consequence, he is most likely to experience the side effect of A. involuntary muscle movement. B. loss of weight. C. excessive sleep. D. fatigue
A
298. Who among the following is most suitable for electroconvulsive therapy? A. Brad, who is contemplating suicide B. Frederic, who has generalized anxiety disorder C. Alan, who has obsessive-compulsive disorder D. Byron, who suffers from insomnia
A
199. ________ is a psychological disorder commonly diagnosed in childhood in which an individual exhibits one or more of the following symptoms: a lack of concentration excitability and impulsivity.
A. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
219. ________ is an OCD-related disorder that involves a distressing preoccupation with imagined or slight flaws in one's physical appearance.
A. Body dysmorphic disorder
298. Who among the following is most suitable for electroconvulsive therapy?
A. Brad, who is contemplating suicide
275. ________ therapies emphasize that thoughts are the main source of psychological problems and they attempt to influence and change the feelings and behaviors by changing the thoughts.
A. Cognitive
54. Which of the following is true of concepts?
A. Concepts provide clues about how to react to a particular object or experience.
61. Which of the following is true of the drive reduction theory?
A. Drives do not always follow from needs.
9. ________ is a learning disability characterized by difficulty with learning to read fluently and with accurate comprehension despite normal intelligence
A. Dyslexia
86. ________ are the class of sex hormones that are predominate in females. ________ are the class of sex hormones that are predominate in males.
A. Estrogens/Androgens
183. ________ are sensory experiences in the absence of real stimuli. ________ are false unusual and sometimes magical beliefs that are not part of an individual's culture.
A. Hallucinations/Delusions
177. Which of the following psychologists developed a psychological profile of Adolf Hitler?
A. Henry Murray
27. ________ is a characteristic of good problem solvers
A. Humility
255. Which of the following statements is true regarding the psychoanalytic technique of dream analysis?
A. In dream analysis every dream including nightmares contains a hidden disguised unconscious wish.
207. Which of the following statements is true of panic disorder?
A. In terms of biological factors, genetic predisposition is a likely cause of panic disorder.
31. Which of the following statements is true of inductive reasoning?
A. It involves forming opinions based on prior experiences.
113. Which of the following is true of the sympathetic nervous system?
A. It prepares the individual for fighting or running away.
78. Gary wants to lose weight by reducing his caloric intake. He eats a candy bar for breakfast instead of a bowl of cereal because the candy bar has fewer calories. Is Gary doing the right thing?
A. No, the candy bar will make Gary hungry sooner than if he had eaten the cereal.
75. Which of the following is true of the optimum arousal theory?
A. Performance is best under conditions of moderate arousal.
266. ________ are called insight therapies because they encourage self-awareness as the path to psychological health.
A. Psychodynamic and humanistic therapies
181. ________ is a severe psychological disorder that is characterized by highly disordered psychotic thought processes.
A. Schizophrenia
152. Which of the following is true of Horney's sociocultural approach?
A. She viewed psychological health as allowing individuals to express their talents freely.
2. According to ________ there are three forms of intelligence whereas according to ________ there are nine types of intelligences
A. Sternberg's triarchic theory/Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences
164. Which of the following is a criticism of the humanistic perspectives of personality?
A. They are too optimistic about human nature.
176. ________ are enduring characteristics of our personality. ________ are briefer experiences.
A. Traits/States
284. ________ treat depression by increasing the level of norepinephrine and serotonin.
A. Tricyclics
74. Jenna is a talented singer. Her singing is commendable when she is well rehearsed and is performing with her school choir group. In such situations she is moderately aroused and fairly relaxed. However when Jenna's friends are around she gets overly aroused and anxious. In such situations she finds it hard to focus and often makes mistakes. Which of the following psychological principles can be used to explain the rationale behind Jenna's performance?
A. Yerkes-Dodson law
186. A schizophrenic patient who falsely believes that he is Jesus Christ is experiencing
A. a delusion.
96. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs we seek to fulfill our need for love and belongingness
A. after our basic physiological and safety needs are met.
21. Claudia is trying to cook her mother's famous lasagna. She carefully follows her mother's recipe to ensure that the dish turns out correctly. In this case Claudia is using a(n)
A. algorithm.
58. Which of the following would NOT be a case of mental retardation?
A. an adult who, after 30 years of normal intellectual functioning, is involved in an automobile accident and has suffered brain damage that has severely limited mental functioning
283. Tranquilizers are ________ drugs.
A. antianxiety
106. When individuals engage in a behavior because they enjoy it they
A. are intrinsically motivated.
230. Aria has been awake for two nights in a row and still feels highly energetic and euphoric. The previous day she quit her job on an impulse and decided to become an actress. In the context of bipolar disorder Aria is experiencing an episode of
A. mania.
231. Your roommate is acting very strangely. Although she has not slept much in the past few days she says she is on top of the world. She also took all her savings and invested it in a questionable financial venture. This period of non-stop activity has lasted for well over a week and is in sharp contrast to the depression and fatigue she exhibited earlier this semester. Your roommate is exhibiting symptoms of
A. bipolar disorder.¬
193. The thinking style called splitting is associated with which of the following disorders?
A. borderline personality disorder
253. According to Freud's psychodynamic perspective what is the best way to gain insight into a person's core problems?
A. bringing unconscious conflicts into conscious awareness
3. According to Gardner's multiple intelligences which of the following types of vocations would most likely require bodily kinesthetic intelligence
A. dancers
269. Which of the following is a part of the process of systematic desensitization?
A. deep relaxation
138. The Freudian term for the tactics that the ego uses to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality is
A. defense mechanisms.
190. A man who believes that he is the reincarnation of a famous preacher is exhibiting the schizophrenic symptom of
A. delusion.
260. In the context of psychoanalysis when a psychotherapist questions a client about the nightmares the client has had the therapist is engaging in the method of
A. dream analysis.
218. Emily is in the habit of picking at her skin every time she feels nervous or anxious. Emily engages in this kind of compulsive behavior to such an extent that she ends up bruising herself in the process. In the context of OCD-related disorders Emily is most likely suffering from
A. excoriation.
39. Which of the following describes the trait of a critical thinker?
A. grasping the deeper meaning of ideas
278. Decatastrophize technique in cognitive therapy involves
A. helping the client evaluate whether he is overestimating the nature of a situation.
158. Cookie Monster one of the characters on the children's TV show Sesame Street has an intense urge to consume cookies even when doing so is irrational and maladaptive. Eating cookies gives Cookie Monster a great source of pleasure and satisfaction. Freud would say that his behavior reflects the fact that Cookie Monster is ruled by his
A. id.
104. Courtney reads psychology books because these subjects fascinate her. She really enjoys learning about new approaches to psychology. Courtney is being driven by
A. intrinsic motivation.
291. Chaz has been on antipsychotic medication for several weeks now. As a consequence he is most likely to experience the side effect of
A. involuntary muscle movement.
45. Standardization
A. involves developing uniform procedures for administering and scoring a test, as well as creating norms, or performance standards, for the test.
268. Jane is afraid of crowds. If her therapist uses systematic desensitization technique Jane will be asked to
A. learn how to relax.
80. The chemical substance ________ released by fat cells decreases food intake and increases energy expenditure or metabolism
A. leptin
276. A therapist who uses cognitive restructuring believes that ________ are the causes of abnormal behavior.
A. maladaptive thoughts
169. Your best friend Kelly is liberal and tolerant. Which trait is she likely high on?
A. openness
28. Monique routinely uses a shredder to shred her junk-mail into confetti-sized pieces of paper which She then just throws away. When packing her glassware to move into a new apartment she runs out of Protective Styrofoam packing material. Suddenly Monique gets the idea to empty her shredder and use The shredded junk mail confetti for packing material. In this case Monique has
A. overcome functional fixedness.
206. In a(n) ________ a person experiences recurrent sudden onsets of intense terror often without warning and with no specific cause.
A. panic disorder
112. The ________ calms the body.
A. parasympathetic nervous system
146. According to Freud penis envy and the Oedipus complex is experienced during which of the following psychosexual stages of development?
A. phallic
144. According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development castration anxiety occurs during the
A. phallic stage.
6. The useful character of language and the ability of language to communicate even more meaningthan is said are known as
A. pragmatics.
130. Projective tests are most closely aligned with which theoretical approach to personality?
A. psychodynamic
142. Patrick has been confused about his sexual orientation for a few years. Even though he has had many girlfriends he often feels attracted to men. However in college he strongly opposes the idea of same-sex relationships among his friends. According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory Patrick's supposed homophobia best illustrates the defense mechanism of
A. reaction formation.
245. In the context of family therapy getting the family to acknowledge that the problem is a family problem and not just the problem of one individual is known as
A. reframing.
18. Jacob received his score on his math paper and realized that he performed poorly. According to the steps in problem solving the next step that must be taken by him is to
A. rethink and redefine his problem.
211. Alfred suffers from an extreme and irrational fear of spiders. His fear is exaggerated and disproportionate to the actual danger he might be in if he did encounter a spider. Alfred's fear of spiders is so intense that he would go to almost any length to avoid coming into contact with them. Alfred is most likely to be diagnosed with which of the following disorders?
A. specific phobia
26. When comparing algorithms and heuristics what is the advantage of using heuristics for solving real-life problems
A. speed and efficiency
290. By influencing norepinephrine and serotonin lithium is thought to
A. stabilize moods.
244. Which of the following is a technique that is used in family therapy?
A. structural change
70. The broaden-and-build model begins with
A. the influence of positive emotions on cognitive processing.
229. Which theoretical approach emphasizes the contributions of experiences thoughts emotions and personality characteristics in explaining psychological disorders?
A. the psychological approach
279. A psychologist who practices cognitive therapy might try to help a patient who suffers from a major depressive disorder by
A. trying to get the patient to identify irrational and self-defeating thoughts.
242. Among the techniques used in family therapy, validation involves A. the therapist helping families reframe problems as family problems. B. the therapist finding something positive to say to each family member. C. the therapist trying to restructure the coalitions in a family. D. the therapist helping families reframe problems as an individual's problems.
B
246. Which of the following forms of treatment relies on paraprofessionals? A. humanistic therapy B. self-help support groups C. family therapy D. couples therapy
B
259. Sherice started seeing a psychotherapist because of marital problems. She is unhappy because she feels her husband does not give her enough attention. After several sessions, she is quite taken with her male therapist because he gives her undivided attention. This growing affection for the therapist is called A. latent content. B. transference. C. reflection. D. resistance
B
264. Which of the following individuals is engaging in reflective speech? A. Horace, who tells his mother to quit her job at a departmental store because of her failing health B. Alan, who agrees with Gus that he is facing obstacles at work since he is frustrated with his boss C. Gayle, who congratulates his colleague, Neil, for performing well in the project D. Mary, who comforts Joel since he is extremely anxious about his results
B
272. Which of the following individuals would benefit from systematic desensitization? A. a person who is addicted to alcohol B. a person who has a phobia of closed spaces C. a person who is suffering from schizophrenia D. a person who is suffering from severe depression
B
277. Judy thinks she is depressed over her teacher's criticism of her paper. Judy's therapist explains to her that Judy's own illogical belief—that the criticism means she is stupid—is really why she is depressed. Judy is likely to be seeing a therapist who is providing ________ therapy. A. humanistic B. Beck's cognitive C. behavioral D. psychoanalytic
B
288. Elizabeth visited a psychiatrist who, after interviewing her, recommended either Paxil or Prozac. From this scenario, it can be inferred that Elizabeth is most likely suffering from A. amnesia. B. depression. C. psychosis. D. dyslexia
B
292. The potential side effect of neuroleptic drugs is ________, a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary random movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and mouth, as well as extensive twitching of the neck, arms, and legs. A. schizophrenia B. tardive dyskinesia C. transference D. insomnia
B
295. Which of the following class of drugs is used to treat agoraphobia? A. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors B. tricyclic drugs C. tetracyclic drugs D. neuroleptics
B
296. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a treatment sometimes used for A. schizophrenia. B. severe depression. C. dissociative identity disorder. D. obsessive-compulsive disorder
B
103. Professor Miguel surveys students about their motivation for attending college. Which of the following responses is the best example of strong intrinsic motivation?
B. "I'm in college because I love learning. Education satisfies my curiosity and makes me feel like a confident well-informed person."
29. Carla is a first-semester freshman at State University. She succeeded in high school by cramming for exams and relying on parental pressure to get homework done. Now however she is finding that these strategies are no longer viable ways to succeed. In this case Carla should
B. "think outside the box" in order to succeed in college.
53. Twin studies by Trzaskowski and others in 2014 report that the heritability of intelligence is found to be as high as ________ percent.
B. 75
157. Which of the following is true of Adler's individual psychology?
B. Adler argued that people have the ability to take their genetic inheritance.
264. Which of the following individuals is engaging in reflective speech?
B. Alan, who agrees with Gus that he is facing obstacles at work since he is frustrated with his boss
277. Judy thinks she is depressed over her teacher's criticism of her paper. Judy's therapist explains to her that Judy's own illogical belief—that the criticism means she is stupid—is really why she is depressed. Judy is likely to be seeing a therapist who is providing ________ therapy.
B. Beck's cognitive
32. ________ involves reasoning from a general case that we know to be true to a specific instance
B. Deductive reasoning
107. Ray played basketball all of his life because he loved the sport. He became so good that he was given the opportunity to play professionally and eventually he signed a very lucrative contract. After that contract ran out the team offered him slightly more money but he decided that it was not enough and that he wanted to quit. Which of the following best explains Ray's behavior from a motivational perspective?
B. Extrinsic motivation has replaced Ray's intrinsic motivation to play basketball.
166. Who is considered the "father of American personality psychology"?
B. Gordon Allport
149. According to Freud's stages of psychosexual development which of the following statements best indicates that 30-year-old Gayle is fixated at the oral stage?
B. He is addicted to smoking cigarettes.
52. Which of the following statements is true of heritability?
B. Heritability has no meaning when applied to a single case.
77. Which of the following is true of the biology of hunger with regard to the human body?
B. Hunger is triggered by a set of sugar receptors, located in the brain, when sugar levels fall too low.
115. According to the ________ after the initial perception of a stimulus the experience of the emotion results from the perception of one's own physiological changes.
B. James-Lange theory
114. Tom is interested in working for an intelligence branch of the government and a polygraph test is part of the interview process. Though Tom intends to be honest he is worried that the polygraph will say he is lying when he isn't. Tom's friend Cameron assures Tom that polygraph tests are infallible. Is Cameron right?
B. No heart rate and breathing can increase for reasons other than lying and this effect can make it difficult to interpret the physiological indicators of arousal.
221. Which of the following statements is true of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
B. Not every individual exposed to the same event develops PTSD.
155. Alfred Adler would be most likely to endorse which of the following explanations for human behavior?
B. People are primarily motivated by purposes and goals.
34. In the context of loss aversion identify the true statement about sunk-cost fallacy
B. People are reluctant to give up on a venture because of past investment.
93. At age 33 Ricky is a highly ranked partner in a law firm. He lives by himself and doesn't find the time to socialize. He has a lavish house with an elaborate security system and owns a luxurious sports car. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory which of the following can best explain Ricky's discontentment with life?
B. Ricky's need for belongingness is not being met.
171. Which of the following individuals exhibits the trait of openness to experience?
B. Sarah, who is very successful in the business she has started
300. Which of the following statements about psychosurgery is FALSE?
B. The effects of psychosurgery can be reversed with intensive therapy.
38. ________ is the tendency to make judgments about group membership based on physical appearances or the match between a person and one's stereotype of a group rather than on available base rate information
B. The representativeness heuristic
132. Which of the following is true regarding the Rorschach inkblot test?
B. The test does not meet certain criteria of reliability and validity.
200. Robert's teacher Martha has complained about his behavior on several occasions. According to Martha Robert cannot focus in class and is constantly distracted. She also mentioned that Robert is extremely active and very impulsive by nature. If Robert were to be taken by his teacher to Dr. Miller a psychiatrist he is likely to be diagnosed with
B. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
201. Janet is worried about her son Patrick. She finds him restless and impulsive. At times Janet finds it exhausting to handle him because he is high-strung and shows very little concentration during his studies. She has also received several complaints from Patrick's teachers regarding his poor performance in class and his lack of focus. In the context of psychological disorders it can be inferred that Patrick is exhibiting the symptoms of
B. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
212. Jenna constantly experiences feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness. Jenna's doctor Jacob advises her to start taking antidepressant drugs that contain serotonin and dopamine. According to Dr. Jacob's diagnosis Jenna's depression is a result of the imbalance and improper functioning of the neurotransmitters in her brain. In the context of the theoretical approaches to psychological disorders this diagnosis conforms to the
B. biological approach.
40. Creative people engage in
B. both convergent thinking and divergent thinking.
238. Chronic sore throat kidney problems dehydration gastrointestinal problems and dental problems are complications commonly experienced by individuals who suffer from
B. bulimia nervosa.
46. Basketball football baseball and soccer all fit into the ________ of sports.
B. concept
180. Mischel nearly derailed the scientific study of personality by challenging the assumption that personality traits are
B. consistent.
51. Dr. Ambrose is administering an intelligence test and one question asks "During what month of the year does the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) basketball championship games start?" Students from various groups within the U.S. as well as students from other countries may have problems with this question because it is probably
B. culturally biased.
140. Welma is unable to accept the fact that she has been diagnosed with lung cancer. She refuses treatment despite her family's attempts to convince her. According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory Welma is unconsciously engaging in
B. denial.
196. The ________ is a theory suggesting that preexisting condition such as genetic characteristics personality dispositions or experiences put a person at risk of developing a psychological disorder.
B. diathesis-stress model
168. Which of the following is NOT one of the big five personality factors?
B. dominance
111. The concept of ________ pertains to a psychological state whereas ________ involves a physiological state.
B. drive/need
127. A(n) ________ is a type of self-report test that is created by first identifying two groups that are known to be different.
B. empirically keyed test
89. What is the correct order of the human sexual-response pattern?
B. excitement -plateau -orgasm -resolution
87. The beginning of the process of erotic responsiveness occurs during the ________ of the human sexual-response pattern.
B. excitement phase
63. You are feeling upset when your mother turns toward you and says "Turn that frown upside down." You turn your frown into a smile and realize that you now feel happy. This experience can be best described by the
B. facial feedback hypothesis.
55. Malcom has an IQ of 140. He has skipped three grades and is a straight A student with superior verbal and mathematical talent. Psychologists would most likely consider Malcom to be
B. gifted.
185. A schizophrenic patient hears multiple voices inside his head talking to him at the same time and forcing him to do things. It can be inferred that the patient is experiencing the symptom of
B. hallucinations.
71. According to the concept of ________ any aspect of life that enhances our positive feelings is likely to do so for only a short period of time.
B. hedonic treadmill
217. Diana is afraid to throw things away because she feels that she might need them in the future. Consequently Diana compulsively collects and stores large quantities of old newspapers broken crockery and old clothes. In the context of OCD-related disorders Diana's excessive acquisition of objects and her inability to discard them are typical characteristics of
B. hoarding disorder.
160. Brittney is a counselor who believes that her clients have the innate ability to make good choices. She accepts each individual as they are and as a person in the process of change. She holds that individuals are capable of controlling their lives and achieving their goals. Brittney is most likely to agree with the ________ of personality.
B. humanistic perspectives
91. From Maslow's perspective motivation is primarily the result of
B. humans focusing on satisfying basic needs before moving to higher needs.
136. Brandon attempts to convince his girlfriend Katherine to have sex with him. Even though Katherine loves and desires him her religious beliefs do not permit her to have sex before marriage. According to Freud's structures of personality Katherine's desire to have sex with Brandon is most likely dictated by her ________. Her decision not to engage in premarital sex is most likely dictated by her ________.
B. id/superego
41. Which of the following is usually a trait of creative thinkers?
B. inner motivation
188. Catatonia
B. is a state of immobility and unresponsiveness that lasts for long periods of time.
65. Kiefer is taking acting classes. His instructor is using Stanislavski's "method-acting" technique which encourages actors to imitate the behavior of someone feeling that emotion. When Kiefer is playing a scene where his character is sad his instructor may suggest that he cry in order to feel sadness. "Method acting" is most consistent with which of the following?
B. james-Lange theory
81. In humans ________ concentrations have been linked with weight body fat and weight loss in response to dieting.
B. leptin
226. Cathy is worried about her mental health. She visits Dr. Henderson a psychiatrist to seek treatment for her condition. When Dr. Henderson asks her questions about herself Cathy reveals that she is unhappy and feels worthless most of the time. She doesn't eat or sleep well and has even contemplated suicide. Dr. Henderson also learns that Cathy has been experiencing these distressing symptoms for almost three weeks. In the context of disorders involving emotion and mood it can be inferred that Dr. Henderson is likely to diagnose Cathy with
B. major depressive disorder.
1. Cognitive psychology is the study of
B. mental processes.
222. A depressive disorder is classified as a(n) ________ disorder.
B. mood
213. Brenda is constantly in the habit of arranging and rearranging the things in her house. She feels very anxious when things are not arranged symmetrically and engages in this behavior to dismiss her negative feelings. Consequently Brenda forbids children from entering her house because she is afraid that they will disturb the balance of orderliness. In the context of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders Brenda is most likely to be diagnosed with
B. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
143. Six-month-old Ian loves to suck on anything he can get his hands on (e.g. fingers- dolls- blocks- rattles). The fact that Ian receives pleasure and comfort by exploring the world with his mouth suggests that he is in the ________ stage of psychosexual development.
B. oral
208. Dr. Davenport a psychiatrist is in the process of diagnosing Kelly's psychological disorder. He asks Kelly a series of questions regarding her symptoms. Kelly reveals that she often experiences overwhelming fear all of a sudden which is accompanied by pains in the chest and a feeling of helplessness. During these instances she finds it difficult to breathe has severe palpitations and feels like she's going to die of cardiac arrest. In the context of psychological disorders Dr. Davenport is most likely to diagnose Kelly with
B. panic disorder.
210. Abnormal behavior is
B. personally distressful over a long period of time.
120. According to Schachter and Singer's two-factor theory emotion is determined by two factors. They Are
B. physiological arousal and cognitive labeling.
129. A(n) ________ presents individuals with an ambiguous stimulus and asks them to describe it or to tell a story about it—to launch their own meaning onto the stimulus.
B. projective test
299. Which of the following is a biological intervention that involves the removal or destruction of brain tissue to improve an individual's adjustment?
B. psychosurgery
139. Darin had an automobile accident in which his brother and another passenger were killed. Though Darin wasn't seriously hurt in the accident he can't remember any of the accident details. Darin is exhibiting which ego defense mechanism?
B. repression
15. The last step in the problem-solving process is ________
B. rethinking and redefining problems and solutions over time
123. Eysenck suggested that the ________ of extraverts and introverts differs with respect to the baseline level of arousal.
B. reticular activation system
95. William has volunteered to work in a war-torn country to try and improve the lives of the residents there. The citizens currently have enough to eat and drink. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs what would these citizens be in need of next?
B. safety
97. According to self-determination theory competence motivation involves
B. self-efficacy and mastery.
5. The sentence "The bicycle talked the boy into buying a candy bar" is
B. syntactically correct but semantically incorrect.
292. The potential side effect of neuroleptic drugs is ________ a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary random movements of the facial muscles tongue and mouth as well as extensive twitching of the neck arms and legs.
B. tardive dyskinesia
35. Dan who often travels in airplanes experiences sudden fear of flying after he hears the news about an airplane crash. In this case Dan's experience demonstrates
B. the availability heuristic.
98. Self-efficacy refers to
B. the belief that one has the competence to accomplish a given goal or task.
84. If it is night we are likely to feel hungry even if we ate a big lunch. This illustrates
B. the effect of learned associations on eating behavior.
128. Face validity refers to
B. the extent to which a test item appears to fit the particular trait it is measuring.
151. According to Horney women might envy the penis but what they really want is
B. the status bestowed to those who have one.
242. Among the techniques used in family therapy validation involves
B. the therapist finding something positive to say to each family member.
259. Sherice started seeing a psychotherapist because of marital problems. She is unhappy because she feels her husband does not give her enough attention. After several sessions she is quite taken with her male therapist because he gives her undivided attention. This growing affection for the therapist is called
B. transference.
295. Which of the following class of drugs is used to treat agoraphobia?
B. tricyclic drugs
251. Researchers have found that when there is an ethnic match between the therapist and the client and when ethnic-specific services are provided, A. clients are more likely to drop out of therapy early. B. treatment outcomes are the same as when there is no ethnic match. C. clients have better treatment outcomes. D. both the client and therapist typically show evidence of bias or prejudice against other groups.
C
223. For a person to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) he or she must have experienced a significant depressive episode and depressed characteristics such as lethargy and hopelessness for at least
B. two weeks.
162. According to Rogers an individual's need to be liked loved and accepted by others regardless of his or her behavior is called
B. unconditional positive regard.
8. Critics of the work of Benjamin Whorf maintain that
B. words merely reflect rather than cause the way we think.
245. In the context of family therapy, getting the family to acknowledge that the problem is a family problem and not just the problem of one individual is known as A. reframing. B. detriangulation. C. validation. D. structural change
C
247. Which of the following is true of self-help support groups? A. Self-help support groups specialize in family therapy. B. Self-help support groups are beneficial only to high-income groups as they are relatively expensive. C. Self-help support groups provide members with a sympathetic audience for social sharing and emotional release. D. Self-help support groups are conducted by a professional therapist.
C
248. John, an alcoholic, does not have much money, but requires the help of a mental-health professional. He might best be served by contacting a A. humanistic therapist. B. board-certified psychiatrist. C. self-help support group. D. counseling psychologist
C
250. Dr. Billings is a therapist who specializes in psychoanalysis. The types of techniques that she is likely to use would include A. systematic desensitization and token economies. B. teaching clients to replace their fears systematically with more relaxed responses. C. free association, dream interpretation, transference, and interpreting the client's resistance to discussing painful memories. D. prescribing strong medication that will reduce the client's anxiety so that the client can learn to relax and gain insight.
C
252. When working with a psychotherapy client who is from a different culture, Dr. Johnson uses his knowledge of the person's culture and ethnicity in working with the client, but is careful not to overgeneralize and blindly apply his stereotypes. Moreover, he also understands the sociopolitical influences on the client. Which of the following labels best describes Dr. Johnson? A. Dr. Johnson appears to be an eclectic therapist. B. Dr. Johnson appears to be culturally insensitive. C. Dr. Johnson appears to be culturally skilled. D. Dr. Johnson appears to be ethnically diverse
C
258. In psychoanalytic theory, the term transference is used to describe A. the repression of painful memories from conscious awareness. B. efforts to redirect anxiety-provoking desires into socially acceptable actions. C. the client's relating to the analyst in ways that reproduce or relive important relationships in the client's life. D. the gradual shifting of erogenous desires from the mouth to the genitals
C
261. Research on the effectiveness of psychotherapy A. shows that humanistic therapy is more effective than behavioral therapy. B. shows that psychoanalysis is more effective than cognitive therapy. C. clearly shows that psychotherapy works. D. is mixed, in that psychotherapy works well for women but not for men.
C
263. Mary has been working with a therapist because she has felt very confused and unsure about herself for the past few years. Mary's therapist tends to be very nondirective and devotes a great deal of the session to allowing Mary to explore her identity, wants, and dreams for the future. The therapist rarely gives direct advice and instead is primarily interested in helping Mary clarify her own ideas and feelings. Mary's therapist is most likely associated with the ________ perspective of psychotherapy. A. behavioral B. biological C. humanistic D. cognitive
C
267. The therapeutic alliance is the relationship between the therapist and A. other professional therapists who practice in the same state. B. the American Psychiatric Association. C. the client. D. the local government.
C
281. Which of the following indicates the view of a humanistic therapist regarding the cause of psychological problems? A. They occur as a result of irrational thoughts and beliefs. B. They occur as a result of transference between the therapist and the client. C. They occur as a result of client's functioning below the optimal level. D. They occur as a result of learned inappropriate behaviors
C
289. The main goal of psychoanalysis is to A. persuade clients to abandon their irrational, misery-inducing beliefs. B. demonstrate unconditional positive regard toward the client. C. help individuals gain insight into the unconscious conflicts that are the source of their problems. D. train clients to avoid maladaptive patterns of behavior through modeling of appropriate behaviors.
C
294. The goal of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is A. to help clients identify their own genuine feelings. B. to help people eliminate illogical thinking. C. to set off a seizure in the brain. D. to reduce norepinephrine and serotonin levels.
C
297. Ivan is very depressed, and the danger of suicide is eminent. He is not responding to the drugs normally employed to treat depression. Which of the following treatments is most likely to prove helpful in reducing Ivan's depression and suicidal behavior? A. a self-help group B. encounter groups C. electroconvulsive therapy D. minor tranquilizers
C
12. Identify the age group during which children typically understand adult literary work
C. 15 to 20
49. A child with a mental age of 9 and a chronological age of 12 has an IQ of
C. 75.
237. ________ is an eating disorder in which an individual typically female consistently follows a bingeand-purge
C. Bulimia nervosa
118. Jacob notices a snake slithering up the river bank while he is fishing. The thalamus of Jacob's brain immediately stimulates his autonomic nervous system which in turn increases the rate of his breathing and heartbeat. At the same time Jacob's brain sends signals to his cerebral cortex which causes Jacob to perceive the emotional experience of fear. Consequently Jacob experiences both fear and the physiological changes in his body at the same time. This scenario complies with the
C. Cannon-Bard theory.
227. Which of the following statements is true of the sociocultural factors involved in depression?
C. Depression increases as standards of living and employment circumstances worsen.
250. Dr. Billings is a therapist who specializes in psychoanalysis. The types of techniques that she is likely to use would include
C. free association- dream interpretation- transference- and interpreting the client's resistance to discussing painful memories.
198. The ________ was published in 1952 by the American Psychiatric Association for the major classification of psychological disorders in the United States.
C. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
252. When working with a psychotherapy client who is from a different culture Dr. Johnson uses his knowledge of the person's culture and ethnicity in working with the client but is careful not to overgeneralize and blindly apply his stereotypes. Moreover he also understands the sociopolitical influenceson the client. Which of the following labels best describes Dr. Johnson?
C. Dr. Johnson appears to be culturally skilled.
178. The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) was created by
C. Henry Murray.
22. Which of the following is true of algorithms and heuristics for solving real-life problems
C. Heuristics are shortcut strategies.
100. ________ emphasize independence and self-reliance whereas ________ emphasize affiliation cooperation and interdependence.
C. Individualistic cultures/collectivist cultures
66. Which of the following best describes cultural differences in the facial expression of emotion?
C. Many faces of emotion do not differ significantly from one culture to another.
4. ________ is a language's sound system
C. Phonology
247. Which of the following is true of self-help support groups?
C. Self-help support groups provide members with a sympathetic audience for social sharing and emotional release.
281. Which of the following indicates the view of a humanistic therapist regarding the cause of psychological problems?
C. They occur as a result of client's functioning below the optimal level.
23. Which of the following is the main difference between algorithms and heuristics
C. Unlike heuristics, algorithms provide a definite solution to problem.
122. The cognitive affective processing systems (CAPS) approach to understanding personality was developed by which of the following psychologists?
C. Walter Mischel
172. Which of the following traits is related to generosity and altruism to reports of religious faith and to more satisfying romantic relationships?
C. agreeableness
254. According to Freud's therapeutic technique getting people to talk freely
C. allows their deepest thoughts to emerge.
59. The ability to analyze judge evaluate compare and contrast are characteristics of ________ intelligence.
C. analytical
235. A woman who is in relentless pursuit of thinness for more than six months so much so that she is starving herself to achieve this goal is exhibiting symptoms of
C. anorexia nervosa.
14. In everyday situations finding and framing problems can be difficult because many real-life Problems
C. are ill defined or vague.
36. The fact that we hear about airplane crashes on the news more often than we hear about automobile crashes may lead us to believe that we are more likely to die in a plane than a car. This is an example of a(n)
C. availability heuristic.
110. A person's daily mood gives him feedback on the effectiveness of his self-regulation. This means That
C. he will feel good or bad depending on how he is doing in the areas of life he values.
220. Kelly experiences a great deal of anxiety over her physical appearance. She believes that her head is too big and her nose is asymmetrical. This troubling preoccupation with her physical features interferes with Kelly's occupational and social functioning. She spends hours in front of the mirror and isolates herself from her friends. In the context of OCD-related disorders Kelly can be most likely diagnosed with
C. body dysmorphic disorder.
10. Most individuals develop a clear understanding of their language's structure as well as a large vocabulary during
C. childhood.
261. Research on the effectiveness of psychotherapy
C. clearly shows that psychotherapy works.
251. Researchers have found that when there is an ethnic match between the therapist and the client and when ethnic-specific services are provided
C. clients have better treatment outcomes.
42. Brainstorming is an example of
C. divergent thinking.
25. Heuristics differ from algorithms in that heuristics
C. do not guarantee an answer.
102. The feeling of hunger that initiates the act of opening a refrigerator for food best represents a(n)
C. drive.
135. Meyer plans to obtain quick money through gambling but he realizes that he might get arrested by the police. This prevents him from going ahead with his gambling plan. According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory which of the following structures most likely stopped Meyer from going ahead with his plan?
C. ego
297. Ivan is very depressed and the danger of suicide is eminent. He is not responding to the drugs normally employed to treat depression. Which of the following treatments is most likely to prove helpful in reducing Ivan's depression and suicidal behavior?
C. electroconvulsive therapy
165. Trait theories of personality
C. focus on lasting personality characteristics.
289. The main goal of psychoanalysis is to
C. help individuals gain insight into the unconscious conflicts that are the source of their
69. According to drive reduction theory the goal of drive reduction is
C. homeostasis.
263. Mary has been working with a therapist because she has felt very confused and unsure about herself for the past few years. Mary's therapist tends to be very nondirective and devotes a great deal of the session to allowing Mary to explore her identity wants and dreams for the future. The therapist rarely gives direct advice and instead is primarily interested in helping Mary clarify her own ideas and feelings. Mary's therapist is most likely associated with the ________ perspective of psychotherapy.
C. humanistic
147. According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development the latency period occurs
C. immediately after the phallic stage.
30. Bertha met two students from another school at a convention. She enjoyed their company a great deal and was very impressed with how nice they were. Bertha now believes that all of the students from that school must also be nice and is considering transferring there. Bertha is using
C. inductive reasoning.
161. According to Abraham Maslow which of the following traits is least likely to be associated with selfactualizers?
C. intolerance
224. It has been over two years since the death of her husband and Jenna still cannot cope with her loss. Since then she feels hopeless and has been constantly preoccupied with thoughts of death and cannot seem to find much pleasure in life. In the context of disorders involving emotion and mood it can be inferred that Jenna is most likely suffering from
C. major depressive disorder.
76. Whenever Olivia watches a television commercial featuring food she is ridden by a desire to eat. These feelings of hunger stimulate Olivia to go to the kitchen to search for food. Olivia's behavior can be studied by conducting research in the area of
C. motivation.
145. Which of the following represents the correct sequence of Freud's psychosexual stages of development?
C. oral- anal- phallic- latency- genital
94. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs which of the following needs must be met first?
C. physiological needs
141. The most powerful and pervasive defense mechanism is
C. repression.
88. Males experience a refractory period during the ________ phase of the human sexual-response pattern.
C. resolution
194. What theoretical approach to psychological disorders would be most likely to consider a person's gender and ethnicity when diagnosing a disorder?
C. sociocultural approach
17. You have to cook dinner for 30 people on Saturday. Your apartment is a mess and you have nothing to wear. You decide to do your laundry Thursday night buy the groceries on Friday clean the apartment Saturday morning and cook the dinner Saturday evening. Preparing for the dinner party in this way is an example of
C. subgoaling.
137. Michelle was reared in a home where high moral principles dominated. She has attended Sunday school and church since early childhood. In high school her boyfriend asked her to miss school and go on a cruise with him but something from inside her told her not to. She felt very proud of herself afterward for holding her ground. Which Freudian personality structure made Michelle feel proud of her response?
C. superego
16. Cognitive psychology studies all of the following EXCEPT
C. telepathy.
119. Which of the following brain structures plays a central role in the experience of fear?
C. the amygdala
258. In psychoanalytic theory the term transference is used to describe
C. the client's relating to the analyst in ways that reproduce or relive important relationships in the client's life.
267. The therapeutic alliance is the relationship between the therapist and
C. the client.
37. Hillary meets her brother's friend Drake who is a tall lanky man. She concludes that Drake might be a basketball player for his college team. According to the biases and heuristics in decision making it can be concluded that Hillary mirrors ________ in this scenario
C. the representativeness heuristic
182. The disordered thoughts in schizophrenia are referred to as psychotic because
C. they are far removed from reality.
7. According to Benjamin Whorf language determines our
C. thinking.
82. The ________ is involved in reducing hunger and restricting eating
C. ventromedial hypothalamus
241. A major advantage to group therapy is that A. clients can get more undivided attention from the therapist. B. it is better suited to clients with severe problems. C. the therapist has less work to do because the clients do most of the work. D. clients have more opportunity to develop social skills.
D
243. Elizabeth, a family therapist, tells Roy's family that his problem of cocaine addiction is related to the dynamics that exists within their family. According to this information, it can be inferred that Elizabeth practices the ________ technique. A. scaling B. client-centered C. structural change D. reframing
D
249. Given that collectivist cultures place more importance on the group than on the individual, some psychologists have suggested that ________ is likely to be more effective with people from Asian and Latino cultures. A. cognitive therapy B. psychoanalysis C. humanistic therapy D. family therapy
D
256. Which of the following statements about biological therapies is FALSE? A. Medical doctors can prescribe drugs for psychological disorders. B. Drug therapy is the most common form of biological therapy. C. Biological therapies are treatments that reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders by altering aspects of body functioning. D. Psychologists can prescribe drugs for psychological disorders in most states
D
257. James dreamed that he went to his neighbor's house at midnight and made himself a sandwich. His psychoanalyst interpreted the dream to mean that James really wanted to have sex with his neighbor's wife. Making the sandwich was the A. resistant content of the dream. B. hidden content of the dream. C. latent content of the dream. D. manifest content of the dream
D
265. "I have never been a good problem solver. I am not direct enough to be successful," the client complained. "You do not see yourself as a direct problem solver?" responded the therapist. This conversation is an example of ________ and is typical of ________. A. reflective speech/psychodynamic therapy B. free association/client-centered therapy C. transference/psychodynamic therapy D. reflective speech/client-centered therapy
D
270. Aversive conditioning can be an effective treatment for A. generalized anxiety disorder. B. depression. C. schizophrenia and panic disorder. D. smoking, overeating, and drinking alcohol.
D
271. As part of a smoking-cessation program, Paul receives an injection of a nausea-inducing drug and then is asked to smoke a cigarette. Even though he knows he is receiving the drug, it is hoped that Paul will associate the nausea symptoms with smoking and will thus smoke less. This example best demonstrates the procedures typically used in A. systematic desensitization. B. client-centered therapy. C. rational emotive therapy. D. aversive conditioning
D
280. Research shows that ________ is the most important determinant of therapy outcome. A. the therapist's credentials B. the cost of the therapist C. the client's age D. the quality of the client's participation
D
282. Dr. Guerrero uses different therapies based on the benefits they provide for her clients. Currently she is using a behavioral approach to treat an individual with panic disorder and a cognitive therapy approach to treat a client with major depressive disorder. Dr. Guerrero is practicing A. biological therapy. B. humanistic therapy. C. psychoanalysis. D. integrative therapy
D
285. Avril is suffering from major depressive disorder and has been administered the drug Elavil, a tricyclic drug. According to this information, which of the following side effects is she likely to experience as a result of the intake of this drug? A. nervousness B. increased appetite C. suicidal thoughts D. memory difficulties
D
286. Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft are what type of antidepressant drugs? A. benzodiazepines B. tricyclics C. monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors D. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
D
287. ________ inhibits the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine and is also known as serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. A. Prozac B. Zoloft C. Paxil D. Effexor
D
216. In the context of OCD-related disorders an individual with hoarding disorder is most likely to
D. find it difficult to throw things away troubled by the feeling that he might need them at a later time.
293. Which of the following is true of psychoanalytic techniques? A. Resistance is the psychoanalytic term for the client's relating to the analyst in ways that reproduce or relive important relationships in the client's life. B. Transference is the psychoanalytic term for the client's unconscious defense strategies that prevent the analyst from understanding the person's problems. C. Freud believed that transference was an avoidable aspect of the analyst-patient relationship. 44 D. Freud believed that a person's current problems could be traced to childhood experiences.
D
48. A six-year-old child with a mental age of 6 would have an IQ of
D. 100.
173. Which of the following individuals illustrates the trait of conscientiousness?
D. Anne who forgives her son for his poor academic performance
234. ________ is an eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation.
D. Anorexia nervosa
228. ________ is a mood disorder that is characterized by extreme mood swings that include one or more episodes of mania an overexcited unrealistically optimistic state.
D. Bipolar disorder
154. At home Carrie was moody self-centered and bossy. At social events Carrie was the life of the party. She was funny happy and demonstrated social graces that none of her family ever saw at home. What is Jung's explanation of Carrie's behavior?
D. Carrie adopted her persona at parties.
11. Identify a true statement about language milestones among children
D. Children understand metaphor and satire usually between ages 11 and 14.
13. ________ may help us to generalize whereas ________ may help us accomplish a goal
D. Concepts/problem solving
287. ________ inhibits the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine and is also known as serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor.
D. Effexor
175. Ernie is an extrovert. Bert is an introvert. What can you predict about Ernie and Bert given your knowledge of personality research?
D. Ernie experiences more positive emotions than Bert.
293. Which of the following is true of psychoanalytic techniques?
D. Freud believed that a person's current problems could be traced to childhood experiences.
108. Marsha does a good job because she knows her performance will result in a bonus if she meets her goals. Georgia does a good job because she feels a sense of accomplishment when she meets her goals. Both women do the same kind of work. Who is most likely to perform better?
D. Georgia is most likely to perform better.
33. ________ is the tendency to report falsely after the fact that we accurately predicted an outcome. It is sometimes referred to as the "I-knew-it-all-along effect."
D. Hindsight bias
215. Which of the following statements is true of individuals diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
D. Individuals with OCD dwell on their doubts and repeat their routines sometimes hundreds of times a day
197. Which of the following is a criticism of DSM-5?
D. It strongly focuses on the medical model and neglects factors such as poverty and trauma.
64. The facial feedback hypothesis provides support for the
D. James-Lange theory of emotion.
191. Which of the following statements is true of the psychological and sociocultural factors involved in schizophrenia?
D. Marriage and warm supportive friends are related to better outcomes for individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia.
170. Which statement best describes the relationship between neuroticism and emotion?
D. Neuroticism is related to feeling more negative emotion.
121. ________ is a pattern of enduring distinctive thoughts emotions and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world.
D. Personality
256. Which of the following statements about biological therapies is FALSE?
D. Psychologists can prescribe drugs for psychological disorders in most states.
195. Which of the following statements is true of the biopsychosocial model?
D. The biopsychosocial model states that biological psychological and sociocultural factors are all equally significant ingredients in producing both normal and abnormal behavior.
19. Which of the following statements is true of subgoals
D. They are initial goals that put the individual in a better position for reaching a final solution.
44. Which of the following is true of creative thinkers?
D. They may use established criteria to make judgments.
73. Darrin is a good piano player. When he is alone and bored his arousal is low and he often gets distracted and makes mistakes. When he is in a recital with strangers he sometimes gets too nervous and aroused and also makes mistakes. His best performances are typically at home when family and friends are nearby and his arousal level is moderate. The variations in Darrin's performance can be best explained by the
D. Yerkes-Dodson law.
202. A person who regularly experiences motor tension hyperactivity and apprehensive expectations and thoughts is likely to suffer from
D. anxiety disorder.
101. When individuals engage in a behavior for some external payoff or to avoid a punishment they
D. are extrinsically motivated.
214. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
D. sometimes occurs during a period of life stress.
271. As part of a smoking-cessation program Paul receives an injection of a nausea-inducing drug and then is asked to smoke a cigarette. Even though he knows he is receiving the drug it is hoped that Paul will associate the nausea symptoms with smoking and will thus smoke less. This example best demonstrates the procedures typically used in
D. aversive conditioning.
233. Genetic factors are stronger predictors of ________ than of ________.
D. bipolar disorder/depressive disorders
189. A schizophrenic patient sometimes lapses into a phase during which she becomes unresponsive and stiff. In this state her body becomes rigid and she sits for hours by herself in a sort of stupor. In the context of schizophrenia she is experiencing
D. catatonia.
241. A major advantage to group therapy is that
D. clients have more opportunity to develop social skills.
43. Jessica has been searching for a new apartment. She has looked at several different possibilities and now must select which apartment best suits her needs. Choosing which apartment is best is an example of
D. convergent thinking.
60. According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence ________ intelligence predominantly involves the ability to design invent originate and imagine
D. creative
68. Evan received an ugly pair of pajamas for his birthday. Even though he didn't like the gift he smiled and thanked his grandmother for the present. Evan's behavior can be explained in terms of
D. display rules.
179. Shawn graduated from college with honors and approaches most aspects of life with the expectation that he will be successful. He expects a great deal of himself and sets his goals high. After his interview for a job in the most prestigious company in his state he was convinced that he would get the job. You could say that he
D. displays high self-efficacy.
92. Dennis works as a salesman at a large retail store. He is happily married and lives in a safe neighborhood. He earns enough money to eat and provide for his family. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs which of the following needs is Dennis most likely to fulfill next?
D. esteem
117. The Cannon-Bard theory predicts that after witnessing a shocking event a person will
D. experience physical and emotional reactions simultaneously.
105. When an individual studies specifically to avoid his or her parent's disapproval then the individual's attitude toward studying is most likely a result of
D. extrinsic motivation.
249. Given that collectivist cultures place more importance on the group than on the individual some psychologists have suggested that ________ is likely to be more effective with people from Asian and Latino cultures.
D. family therapy
83. Soon after a car accident Sally was rushed to the hospital. The doctors discovered that Sally's ventromedial hypothalamus had suffered some damage as a result of the accident. In the context of the biology of hunger the doctor should expect that Sally will
D. gain weight rapidly.
204. Brad has been in a state of incessant worry for almost half a year now. He has trouble sleeping and breathing. Dr. Simons a psychiatrist asks Brad detailed questions about his symptoms and medical history. Brad tells Dr. Simons that he cannot stop worrying and is constantly nervous. Brad also complains of muscular tension and stomach problems. After conducting a quick examination of Brad's symptoms Dr. Simons discovers that Brad's incessant worry does not have a particular cause and it has taken a physical toll on Brad's health. Which of the following disorders is Dr. Simons most likely to diagnose Brad with?
D. generalized anxiety disorder
184. When an individual hears and sees people who are not actually there the individual is likely to be Experiencing
D. hallucinations.
67. Many psychologists believe that the facial expressions of human beings
D. have strong biological ties.
85. Motivation for sexual behavior is centered in the
D. hypothalamus.
156. Adler's view that people are motivated by purposes and goals and that perfection not pleasure is thus the key motivator in human life is known as
D. individual psychology.
282. Dr. Guerrero uses different therapies based on the benefits they provide for her clients. Currently she is using a behavioral approach to treat an individual with panic disorder and a cognitive therapy approach to treat a client with major depressive disorder. Dr. Guerrero is practicing
D. integrative therapy.
79. Which of the following chemical substances plays an important role in the state of feeling full?
D. leptin
203. With respect to the three characteristics of abnormal behavior when a behavior interferes with a person's ability to function effectively in the world it is considered
D. maladaptive.
257. James dreamed that he went to his neighbor's house at midnight and made himself a sandwich. His psychoanalyst interpreted the dream to mean that James really wanted to have sex with his neighbor's wife. Making the sandwich was the
D. manifest content of the dream.
232. Depressive disorders are ________ whereas bipolar disorder is ________.
D. more common among women/equally common in men and women
240. Unlike obese individuals who do not suffer from binge-eating disorder binge eaters are more likely To
D. overvalue their physical appearance, weight, and body shape.
131. Sam's therapist administered the Rorschach inkblot test during their last session. Sam completed a(n) ________ test of personality.
D. projective
236. Harry a behavioral psychologist is in the process of analyzing his patient Maria Valentine's report. Maria has been diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder (DID). According to Harry severe physical abuse in childhood could serve as a plausible explanation for Maria's psychological disorder. Maria is emotionally damaged and forms alternate identities in order to shut out past memories and to cope with the trauma. In the context of theoretical approaches to psychological disorders it can be inferred that Harry's explanation of Maria's condition conforms to the to psychological disorders
D. psychological approach.
125. According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory the ego abides by the ________ principle.
D. reality
265. "I have never been a good problem solver. I am not direct enough to be successful" the client complained. "You do not see yourself as a direct problem solver?" responded the therapist. This conversation is an example of ________ and is typical of ________.
D. reflective speech/client-centered therapy
243. Elizabeth a family therapist tells Roy's family that his problem of cocaine addiction is related to the dynamics that exists within their family. According to this information it can be inferred that Elizabeth practices the ________ technique.
D. reframing
286. Prozac Paxil and Zoloft are what type of antidepressant drugs?
D. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
163. Which of the following is an important element of Carl Rogers's humanistic theory?
D. self-concept
167. Gordon Allport believed that healthy well-adjusted individuals
D. show a positive but objective sense of self and others and have a sense of humor common sense and a unifying philosophy of life.
270. Aversive conditioning can be an effective treatment for
D. smoking- overeating- and drinking alcohol.
24. Heuristics and algorithms differ in terms of their
D. speed of processing.
62. In the context of cognition and emotion Zajonc famously argued
D. that preferences need no inferences
47. If a child's mental age is higher than her chronological age this means that
D. the child's IQ is above average.
280. Research shows that ________ is the most important determinant of therapy outcome.
D. the quality of the client's participation
148. Freud considered ________ to be the most important motivator of all human activity.
D. the sexual drive
99. Don places a great deal of value on money prestige and his physical appearance. According to your textbook compared to someone who values the organismic needs
Don will be more likely to experience,D. lowered self-actualization and physical illness.